代谢增长论:市场份额竞争、学习不确定性和技术小波

新古典经济学的内生和外生增长理论都忽略了资源限制和技术发展的波样运动。人口动态学的逻辑斯蒂增长模型和物种竞争模型,能够提供一个演化分析框架,讨论市场份额竞争中技术小波所推进的经济增长。新古典经济学的干中学和知识积累模型忽略了技术进步的质变和间断性。知识的新陈代谢过程才能理解创造性毁灭。政策和制度在技术周期的不同阶段是共生演化过程(Co-evolution)。劳动分工受市场范围、资源种类和环境波动的限制。在生态-工业系统的稳定性与复杂性之间存在鱼和熊掌不可兼得的消长关系(Trade-off)。面对学习不确定性时,发展策略的多样性源于文化和环境的影响。西方的分工模式以劳动节约和资源密集型技术为特征,而亚洲和中国的分工模式以资源节约和劳动密集型为特征。非线性人口动态学整合了斯密、马尔萨斯和熊彼特的思想,为经济增长和技术发展提供了一个统一的演化理论。

代谢增长理论:市场份额竞争、学习不确定性与技术小波

新古典经济学中的外生和内生增长理论忽视了技术开发的资源限制与波状模式。种群动力学中的逻辑斯蒂增长和物种竞争模型提供了一种市场份额竞争中由技术小波驱动经济增长的演化框架。在实践中,干中学与知识积累忽略了技术进步的中断性质。创造性毁灭可以通过知识代谢来理解。政策和制度在技术周期的不同阶段共同演化。劳动分工受到市场规模、资源种类和环境波动的限制。在一个产业生态系统的稳定性和复杂性之间存在一个得失消长的关系。多元化发展战略模式是在面临学习的不确定性时由文化和环境共同塑造形成的。西方劳动分工模式的特点是节省劳动力和采用资源密集型技术,而与此同时,亚洲和中国的分工模式为资源节约型和劳动密集型。非线性种群动力学提供了自亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)、马尔萨斯(Malthus)以来到熊彼特(Schumpeter)为止的一个统一的经济增长和技术发展的演化理论。

The Impact of Optimizing Trim on Reducing Fuel Consumption

The shipping industry is one of the biggest industries throughout the ages. Maritime transport plays a vital role in world economy; whereas competition between maritime companies is fierce [1], at the same time agreements of co-operation have taken different forms including alliances and mergers between companies to increase their market share. But competitions still stand despite all alliances even in same market. This intense competition drives companies to attain high level of competitiveness, by monitoring ship＇s operating performance and operating cost, emphasis on improving performance and reduce cost. On other hand new environmental regulations come to light, expansion of ECA （emission control areas）, which lead to significant higher fuel cost when using low sulfur fuel. Since the fuel cost is the largest portion of the operating cost of the vessel, a saving in fuel usage can result in considerable saving in operational costs. Furthermore, fuel saving has environmental benefits in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of trim optimization which considers one of the easiest and cheapest methods for ship performance optimization and fuel consumption reduction trim optimization.

The Usage of Instagram as a Marketing Tool

The developments in information and communication technologies everyday and the effects of globalization have led to many changes in most of the fields including marketing communications. Today, businesses are struggling to survive intensely, to be able to be heard in a global competitive environment, and to keep their market share to the forefront. In this sense, the businesses that have taken into consideration that the current developments have caused great changes in the consumers, also added social media which they use very intensely in order to reach the consumers in the period that the traditional methods have lost importance, to their marketing mix as an important brand communication medium. Social media makes it necessary to go out of tradition in marketing activities. In the social media economy, consumers are at the forefront, and the structures that carry on their activities in interaction with the consumer are gaining importance. Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube are among the most frequently used social networks in our country, but in recent times Instagram is another platform that has recently attracted the attention of companies. The study examined the comparison of traditional marketing and social media marketing. The study also examined the importance of using images and the usage of Instagram as a marketing tool.

Innovation for Multinational Corporations

Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations （MNCs）. MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better market shares and profits. Towards this end, MNCs should develop a comprehensive innovation strategy. Innovation is a way of life and the spirit of innovation, like the spirit of entrepreneurship, must be sustained. The goal should be continuous growth with competitiveness. And towards this purpose, organizations must innovate. The article draws from innovation concepts as they would lead to organizational growth and competitiveness. MNC international structure, culture, and leadership style have an influence on the innovation culture and creativity process in the MNC organization. The article sets forth a model for MNC decision-making structure and organizational culture for facilitating the innovative fervor and capability to be more favorable to the MNC. The models presented here are meaningful in the quest for greater MNC innovativeness and creativity.

Brief discussion on the financial cost management in China＇s private enterprises

With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which has become an important component for China＇s national economy, and making a huge contribution to promote the increase of China＇s national economy. In order to occupy a development location among the fierce market competition and expand the market share, the private enterprises in our country make many efforts constantly, such as strengthening and promotion of the internal management concept and the management mode, etc., which really obtains an obvious achievement and progress, however, due to the restriction of the various reasons, there are still many realistic problems existing in the financial cost management for the private enterprises, which restricts the sustainable, modern and scientific development step greatly, for the method on improving the financial cost management level in China＇s private enterprises and the guarantee of the pertinence and the efficiency for the financial cost management measures to be implemented in the private enterprises, it becomes the key problems which needs to be solved by the private enterprises currently.