集体行动、公私伙伴关系与小农市场准入——肯尼亚豆出口的案例分析

20世纪90年代以来,发达国家对农产品实施严格的食品安全标准,食品零售商对于产品的农药残留、田间和包装房的操作,以及可追溯性都有严格的规定。出口到发达国家的农产品必须符合进口市场的食品安全标准。在这种新的环境下,要维持小农的竞争性,必须要引入新的制度安排。集体行动和公私伙伴关系是能将小农与国际市场有效衔接的制度安排。本文通过肯尼亚豆的案例,剖析集体行动和公私伙伴关系在小农市场准入中的重要作用。

小农户和大市场的联结模式分析

本文首先对我国农产品的流通现状进行了描述,并重点从农户和企业契约关系的角度,分析了在各种流通形式下农户和企业之间的联结模式以及影响他们之间联结模式选择的主要因素。

文化杂糅与选择失据:农民文化重建的历史逻辑

文化是社会行动价值和意义的阐释。中国农民自近代以来经历了政治和社会生活实践的多重重大转变,因应这些变动的社会事实,农民群体也被动或主动建构起来了多重文化认知框架。作者认为,其中最大的三重文化板块为传统文化、作为社会主义新传统的革命文化以及在非完整市场经济和小农社会化背景中形成的市场文化,与之相对应的三种小农形态分别为传统小农、革命化小农和社会化小农。当前,建设社会主义新农村必须充分考量这三种文化杂糅的具体情境,化解农民在进入现代世界中的文化选择失据困境,才能取得积极成效。

Research on Financial Support of New Countryside Construction in China

The cpc＇s 13th Five-Year comprehensive plan put forward a major historic task of building a new socialist countryside. This is the comprehensive implementation of urban and rural development to increase industrial agriculture, move the city to support the countryside, accelerate urbanization and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. To solve the ＂three rural issues＂, the comprehensive construction ofa well-offsociety, has a very important strategic role to ease the contradiction of China＇s rural and urban ecnomic structure. In the process of building a new socialist countryside, the financial policy, as an important means ofmacroeconomic regulation and control, should play a leading role in solving the effective allocation ＆funds. Due to various factors affected by the current supply of rural financial market constraints, system defects and environmental constraints, there is a large gap between the level of the existing rural financial services and the requirements of the new rural construction which is to be improved urgently.