市场强制与国家干预

通常的理念是一个不受干预的市场中可以存在充分的自由竞争 ,自由的市场必然与外部强制性对立。然而另一个角度的研究却表明 ,即便是一个没有外力强制作用的市场本身也存在着内在的强制 ,正因为如此 ,人们被迫作出一种制度选择———国家干预。

上市公司股权激励制度差异及影响因素——基于市场强制力与组织强制力的替代效应

本文从理论上阐明了企业的股权激励计划实质上是以市场强制力来替代组织强制力的一种制度安排。以2006—2009年实施了股权激励的国内上市公司为样本所进行的实证分析显示,高科技企业与传统行业企业的股权激励制度存在显著的差异,并且这种差异可以用市场强制力与组织强制力的替代效应来解释。多元回归的实证结果也证明了股权激励方案的主要影响因素之间符合我们预测的组织强制力与市场强制力的替代关系。

论商业银行市场退出下金融安全与发展的法律完善

商业银行市场退出包括自愿型和强制型市场退出，后者具体包括撤销和破产两种方式。针对我国商业银行强制型市场退出法律制度存在的诸多不足，本文探讨了商业银行市场退出法律制度下金融安全与金融发展的平衡，亦提出了相应的完善对策：健全商业银行撤销和破产法律制度，建立商业银行的风险分散与补偿机制以及商业银行监管机制和风险预警机制。

利用碳交易推动农业减排的理论与路径分析:国际经验及其对中国的启示

如何有效利用碳交易推动农业深度减排亟待讨论。文中回顾了利用碳交易促进农业减排的理论,梳理了相关国际实践、经验和障碍,并识别了利用碳交易推动中国农业减排的路径。理论上,在交易成本低于节约的减排成本的情况下,利用碳交易促进农业深度减排具备经济可行性,但在实践中面临排放不确定性大、技术标准体系匮乏、减排效果不稳定以及监测、报告和核查成本过高等障碍。农业纳入自愿碳市场在创新组织方式、构建风险分担机制和开发核算标准等方面取得了较大进展,但目前全球尚未将农业纳入强制碳市场。为积累经验并降低交易成本,农业可先参与自愿碳市场后逐步向强制碳市场过渡。中国核证自愿减排量(CCER)的农业项目是农业和自愿碳市场结合的重要实践,可在政策、方法学、运行机制等条件成熟的情况下逐渐扩大农业自愿减排项目的数量和规模。由于农业对粮食安全和国民经济发展的重要作用,是否将农业纳入强制碳市场必须非常谨慎。

非正常经营企业强制性市场退出机制研究——优化营商环境背景下的行政规制路径

市场退出机制是优化营商环境的重要制度保障。我国当前的企业破产退出机制已经比较完善,但非破产退出机制则相对薄弱,而其中非正常经营企业的行政性强制退出机制则尤为匮乏。从域外经验来看,通过公权力机关主导的强制除名、强制清算、拟制清算等制度,形成了完善的非正常经营企业强制退出机制。从优化营商环境的要求出发,基于效率与安全、消灭与拯救等关系的平衡,我国应当建立具有行政主导性的强制除名、拟制清算等强制性退出机制,并辅之以停业登记等缓冲性制度,从而构建系统完整的市场退出机制,为市场经济的运行塑造良好的营商环境。

可再生能源发展促进政策的经济学分析

可再生能源的发展离不开政府的扶持和市场的有效运行。目前,国际上比较通用的可再生能源促进政策包括:强制市场、经济激励和内部化。文章根据我国电力市场的结构特点,运用经济学的基本原理,阐析了三种促进政策的市场影响以及各政策的作用机理与优缺点,并对我国可再生能源发展的推进方式提出建议。

Analyzing the Impacts of Minimum Wage Standards on Reducing the Working Poor in China

During the past decades, the transformation of the labor market has significantly impacted on workers＇ wage structures and their employment in China. Along with the widening wage gaps and the growing income inequalities, the size of non-standard jobs expanded rapidly in China＇s urban labor market. As a result of this, the concept of working poor has become increasingly applicable to social and labor market realities in China, Based on the household survey data and by using quantitative analysis, this paper attempts to examine the interaction between the compulsory minimum wage standards and the working poor in the period of China＇s economic transition. The results show that for those whose monthly wages higher than the compulsory minimum wage standards were less likely to work poor and that workers with wages lower than the minimum wage floor were vulnerable to working poor, which supported the expectation that the implementation of compulsory minimum wages would help to reduce the risk of being a member among the working poor in China＇s urban labor market.

Does an Auditor＇s Within-Industry Market Share Still Capture Auditor Industry Expertise in a Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Regime？

Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.