Since 2000, we have published fifteen studies on the Chinese upscale gated communities （in Chinese ＂haohua bieshu qu＂ or ＂shehua bieshu qu＂）. This research was based on various field surveys around big or medium...Since 2000, we have published fifteen studies on the Chinese upscale gated communities （in Chinese ＂haohua bieshu qu＂ or ＂shehua bieshu qu＂）. This research was based on various field surveys around big or medium cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, or Suzhou, and a theoretical framework. It also led us to carry out a statistical approach by elaborating a complete database on all the China＇s high-end gated communities. The main aim of the current article is to focus the analysis on the China＇s most luxurious zones of villas （e.g., Longhu Yiheyuan villas in Beijing, Ziyuan villas in Shanghai... ）. Indirectly, it appears an efficient way to get information on the still mysterious world of the China＇s very very rich people, their imaginary, their values, and their dreams. This analysis will be developed through two complementary approaches and parts. Firstly, we will discuss the general notion of luxury in China; we also will highlight the specific features of hyper-rich and hyper-luxury in China. It will describe the social stratification of the rich, their spatial distribution and patterns of consumption. In a more holistic approach, the analysis will put into perspective the special status of the rich in a socialist market economy and their very ambivalent image in the Chinese society. Secondly, it will focus on the notion of ＂residential hyper-luxury＂. Through field surveys, the analysis will compare the China＇s most expensive gated communities and elaborate a typology of hyper-luxurious gated communities by underlining their uniqueness and extreme nature.展开更多
Half centuries of follow-up survey has enabled the architects and urban planners to design rationally by the aid of planning Nonetheless, limitation has occurred at planning because city has been changing its utility ...Half centuries of follow-up survey has enabled the architects and urban planners to design rationally by the aid of planning Nonetheless, limitation has occurred at planning because city has been changing its utility in accordance with its users＇ demand. In this paper, the authors proposed a method to analyze trait of users in market areas near stations by analyzing location based social network. After the datum collection from geotagged tweets, these GPS （global positioning system） datum were plotted to map attained from yahoo open location platform. Then the morphological analysis and terminology extraction system extracted the keywords and their scores. After calculating the distance from stations and users＇ GPS coordination, the authors extracted the array of keywords and corresponding scores in some station market area. Lastly, ratios of all users＇ scores and city＇s scores were calculated to examine the locality. Full combination of data collection, natural language processing and visualization enabled the authors to envisage distribution of collective background in city.展开更多
he private equity （PE） bubble could be about to burst. During the market boom of the past few years, most bonds for funding leveraged buyouts （LBOs） were issued at low interest rates and few covenants. Since the...he private equity （PE） bubble could be about to burst. During the market boom of the past few years, most bonds for funding leveraged buyouts （LBOs） were issued at low interest rates and few covenants. Since the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage cri- sis, global markets have tightened considerably. I believe that the US io-year treasury bond yield will normalize back to 6% and the risk premi- um on bonds will also normalize. The interest rate on bonds for funding LBOs could increase by 4-5 percentage points from the bottom. Such an increase in funding costs would make most LBOs impossible.展开更多
文摘Since 2000, we have published fifteen studies on the Chinese upscale gated communities （in Chinese ＂haohua bieshu qu＂ or ＂shehua bieshu qu＂）. This research was based on various field surveys around big or medium cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, or Suzhou, and a theoretical framework. It also led us to carry out a statistical approach by elaborating a complete database on all the China＇s high-end gated communities. The main aim of the current article is to focus the analysis on the China＇s most luxurious zones of villas （e.g., Longhu Yiheyuan villas in Beijing, Ziyuan villas in Shanghai... ）. Indirectly, it appears an efficient way to get information on the still mysterious world of the China＇s very very rich people, their imaginary, their values, and their dreams. This analysis will be developed through two complementary approaches and parts. Firstly, we will discuss the general notion of luxury in China; we also will highlight the specific features of hyper-rich and hyper-luxury in China. It will describe the social stratification of the rich, their spatial distribution and patterns of consumption. In a more holistic approach, the analysis will put into perspective the special status of the rich in a socialist market economy and their very ambivalent image in the Chinese society. Secondly, it will focus on the notion of ＂residential hyper-luxury＂. Through field surveys, the analysis will compare the China＇s most expensive gated communities and elaborate a typology of hyper-luxurious gated communities by underlining their uniqueness and extreme nature.
文摘Half centuries of follow-up survey has enabled the architects and urban planners to design rationally by the aid of planning Nonetheless, limitation has occurred at planning because city has been changing its utility in accordance with its users＇ demand. In this paper, the authors proposed a method to analyze trait of users in market areas near stations by analyzing location based social network. After the datum collection from geotagged tweets, these GPS （global positioning system） datum were plotted to map attained from yahoo open location platform. Then the morphological analysis and terminology extraction system extracted the keywords and their scores. After calculating the distance from stations and users＇ GPS coordination, the authors extracted the array of keywords and corresponding scores in some station market area. Lastly, ratios of all users＇ scores and city＇s scores were calculated to examine the locality. Full combination of data collection, natural language processing and visualization enabled the authors to envisage distribution of collective background in city.
文摘he private equity （PE） bubble could be about to burst. During the market boom of the past few years, most bonds for funding leveraged buyouts （LBOs） were issued at low interest rates and few covenants. Since the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage cri- sis, global markets have tightened considerably. I believe that the US io-year treasury bond yield will normalize back to 6% and the risk premi- um on bonds will also normalize. The interest rate on bonds for funding LBOs could increase by 4-5 percentage points from the bottom. Such an increase in funding costs would make most LBOs impossible.
