This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two...This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two types of strategic interaction settings relevant to disclosure: capacity competition and price competition. Capacity competition drives firms to disclose more information to attain financial market valuation-related benefits, while price competition drives them to disclose less to protect long-term product market advantages. The author finds that the type of product market competition affects the level of voluntary disclosure over and above the finn's external financing needs documented in the previous literature. That is, firms engaged in capacity competition disclose relatively more information than those in price competition. Further analysis shows that capacity competition firms disclose more information than no-strategic-interaction benchmark firms but that price competition firms do not disclose less information than the benchmark firms.展开更多
The shipping industry is one of the biggest industries throughout the ages. Maritime transport plays a vital role in world economy; whereas competition between maritime companies is fierce [1], at the same time agreem...The shipping industry is one of the biggest industries throughout the ages. Maritime transport plays a vital role in world economy; whereas competition between maritime companies is fierce [1], at the same time agreements of co-operation have taken different forms including alliances and mergers between companies to increase their market share. But competitions still stand despite all alliances even in same market. This intense competition drives companies to attain high level of competitiveness, by monitoring ship's operating performance and operating cost, emphasis on improving performance and reduce cost. On other hand new environmental regulations come to light, expansion of ECA (emission control areas), which lead to significant higher fuel cost when using low sulfur fuel. Since the fuel cost is the largest portion of the operating cost of the vessel, a saving in fuel usage can result in considerable saving in operational costs. Furthermore, fuel saving has environmental benefits in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of trim optimization which considers one of the easiest and cheapest methods for ship performance optimization and fuel consumption reduction trim optimization.展开更多
Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management le...Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management level. Since the reform and opening, the adoption of international standards and foreign advanced standards as a major technical and economic policy and active promotion of it, has played a significant role in promoting economic development and improve our products competitive in the international market. Some of the industry increased awareness of the standardization in the fierce competition in the market, making the standardization as a competitive means to promote industrial upgrading and technological progress.展开更多
Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farm...Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports(ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt's cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.展开更多
The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies...The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects (different features and facilities provided), and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies' tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.展开更多
Considering the rapid changes in the competitive era, Chinese small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continuously to look for ways on how to survive, grow and be competitive. Knowledge management (KM) is importa...Considering the rapid changes in the competitive era, Chinese small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continuously to look for ways on how to survive, grow and be competitive. Knowledge management (KM) is important for SEMs to lead their efforts to foster a sustainable competitive advantage. This paper is based on an investigation of the knowledge management practices for knowledge-intensive SMEs. The research discovered that SMEs do not manage knowledge the same way as larger organizations. There are some peculiarities in knowledge management practices at SMEs. SMEs will face several unique challenges in KM implementation. They are knowledge identification and acquisition, knowledge dissemination and organizational learning, knowledge creation and innovation, and organizational culture. It is crucial that Chinese SMEs, especially in knowledge intensive enterprises should efficiently adopt some informal or formal KM strategies, in order to implement an appropriate KM and maximize their competitiveness and survival chances.展开更多
The purpose of this exploratory paper is to try to envision how corporate governance systems and practices are evolving and what eventually determines the forms they take and the functions they perform. Practical impl...The purpose of this exploratory paper is to try to envision how corporate governance systems and practices are evolving and what eventually determines the forms they take and the functions they perform. Practical implications especially concern different consequences that recent global economic crisis has imposed on regulatory, business, and social aspects of corporate governance. In order to encompass different approaches to this ongoing issue, the author takes into account mainly theoretical contributions that address the issue from the following perspectives: interrelations between product market competition and corporate governance, assessment of capital market pressures on corporate governance; relation between labour market and corporate governance; and actors influencing corporate governance changes in national systems of corporate governance. Since the viability of any corporate governance system and practice, at national and international levels, depends on their ability to respond to both market pressure towards competitiveness and diversified requirements by influential social, political, and economic actors of change, the author suggests that all groups of factors should continue to be in the focus of future researches. On the other hand, as global economic crisis differently affects different countries and businesses, it is of particular importance for those that shape corporate governance policies and practices to be aware of the deep relatedness between corporate governance, on the one hand, and economic, social, and environmental aspects of growth and development, on the other hand.展开更多
Sinopec led the Chinese firms in the list, with its ranking up to 31 from 52 of last year. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) also witnessed a major ranking boost, climbing to 46 from 73 in 2004. The rise f...Sinopec led the Chinese firms in the list, with its ranking up to 31 from 52 of last year. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) also witnessed a major ranking boost, climbing to 46 from 73 in 2004. The rise for these two oil firms is related to the oil prices jump in the global market, according to some experts.展开更多
In general, based on the traditional operation and management model, innovation means reforming the activities of financial institutions, financial instruments, technology of financial services as well as organization...In general, based on the traditional operation and management model, innovation means reforming the activities of financial institutions, financial instruments, technology of financial services as well as organizational forms of financial markets, because promoting the overall development of the financial industry is the fundamental purpose of financial innovation, we should optimize the allocation of the existing resources of the financial institutions and improve financial efficiency, thus gradually promote the market competitiveness of financial institutions.展开更多
During the 11th Five-year Plan period, China's agricultural productivity improved on all levels; the contribution rate of technologies to agriculture rose steadily, the agricultural service system was gradually resto...During the 11th Five-year Plan period, China's agricultural productivity improved on all levels; the contribution rate of technologies to agriculture rose steadily, the agricultural service system was gradually restored and agricultural policy regimes were consummated. However, China's sustainable agricultural development faces severe tests such as agri-tech "short slabs" and poor collaborative operation. The 12'h Five- year Plan period will bring both strategic opportunities and challenges. Brisker market demands and more agricultural inputs, a higher technical level and better policy regimes will drive development. On the other hand, agriculture will be confronted with more resource and environment constraints, fewer traditional comparative advantages and hidden hazards, etc. Over the next five years, China should stay its course to agricultural modernization based on its national conditions and the sustainable development concept and establish a "broad interpretation of grain security" to improve the productivity, risk- resistance capabilities and market competitiveness of its agricultural industry.展开更多
This paper summarizes the encrgy consumption of rail transit and the current situation of energy saving. Then it puts forward a number of policy support measures on the technology management from several aspects, such...This paper summarizes the encrgy consumption of rail transit and the current situation of energy saving. Then it puts forward a number of policy support measures on the technology management from several aspects, such as the raft line, traction power supply, energy-saving mode and so on The related research helps urban rail transit enterprises save energy consumption, reduce costs to improve their market competitiveness, as well as to promote the enterprises to fulfill social responsibility and carry out the sustainable development idea.展开更多
In today's globally competitive world, because of the globalization, new business patterns and the changing nature of consumers, the companies feel the necessity to act strategic in the market and to reach up the tar...In today's globally competitive world, because of the globalization, new business patterns and the changing nature of consumers, the companies feel the necessity to act strategic in the market and to reach up the target markets and sustain maximum customer satisfaction in order to compete and survive. In this context, within the study it is tried to define product positioning in international markets and global branding strategies conceptually and to focus on their contributions to the overall competitive advantage of the company. Initially, the study tries to present the association between product positioning and global branding approaches of the companies and sustaining competitive advantage. Justifications for the examination of the importance of companies' international product positioning and global branding orientations as a basis of creating competitive advantage were derived from the literature. It is suggested that the companies' product positioning and global branding orientations and sustaining competitive advantage are the important aspects in multinational management and international business areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of product positioning and global branding strategies of the companies with special references to various industries and global brands.展开更多
Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better m...Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better market shares and profits. Towards this end, MNCs should develop a comprehensive innovation strategy. Innovation is a way of life and the spirit of innovation, like the spirit of entrepreneurship, must be sustained. The goal should be continuous growth with competitiveness. And towards this purpose, organizations must innovate. The article draws from innovation concepts as they would lead to organizational growth and competitiveness. MNC international structure, culture, and leadership style have an influence on the innovation culture and creativity process in the MNC organization. The article sets forth a model for MNC decision-making structure and organizational culture for facilitating the innovative fervor and capability to be more favorable to the MNC. The models presented here are meaningful in the quest for greater MNC innovativeness and creativity.展开更多
The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management...The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management innovation. The conclusion is that SMEs should build the core competitive advantages through management innovation, in order to achieve better performance in the fierce market competition.展开更多
Urban competitiveness has been the hot topic for researches and studies over years. The aim of this paper is to elaborate urban competitiveness. First, definition of competitiveness is discussed in detail and then the...Urban competitiveness has been the hot topic for researches and studies over years. The aim of this paper is to elaborate urban competitiveness. First, definition of competitiveness is discussed in detail and then the differences of competitiveness of nations and enterprises are presented. In Section 2, urban competitiveness is defined. Since the assessment of urban competitiveness is the focus of many studies, Section 3 elaborates four models or frameworks for assessing urbancompetitiveness. Last, but by no means the least, Chengdu has been discussed as a case on how to improve urban competitiveness. Three suggestions are put forward, which are clustering strategy, more efficient governance and urban marketing campaigns respectively.展开更多
At present, electricity price to grid of domestic power plants is priced by the national administration based on the policy of "one power plant with one electricity price to grid," which is difficult to real...At present, electricity price to grid of domestic power plants is priced by the national administration based on the policy of "one power plant with one electricity price to grid," which is difficult to realize real bidding for access to grid in practice in a short term. This paper presents one kind of power-exchanging transaction model among price-varied power plants, which will be beneficial to price-varied power plants without any loss of profits of them and guarantee state-owned assets profits in minimum loss with no promotion of average price limit by power plants. Under ideal conditions, the computation results showed the sufficiency and necessity of power-exchanging transaction and maximum similarity with the requirements of optimized resources disposition in economics. The presented model is shown to be full of practicability and has been used in some part of power market.展开更多
Knowledge has become one of the most important driving forces for business success. Organizations are becoming more knowledge intensive. Many firms in the global market are aware of this, and they try to explore the f...Knowledge has become one of the most important driving forces for business success. Organizations are becoming more knowledge intensive. Many firms in the global market are aware of this, and they try to explore the field of knowledge management (KM) in order to improve and sustain their competitiveness. Knowledge has always been the central in the functioning of society. However, in today's "knowledge economy", organizations are increasingly aware of the need for a "knowledge focus" in their organizational strategies as they respond to changes in the environment. The aim of this paper is to describe the theoretical concepts and approaches of KM process that could be implemented in organizations by reviewing KM process theories and present suggestions for what a general process should include based on analysis of various models presented in KM. The main emphasis is laid upon the concept of goal definition review, validation, and knowledge training processes in order to make sure that KM process initiative will deliver competitive advantage to the organization.展开更多
The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country's economic development; however the sector's competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resultin...The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country's economic development; however the sector's competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resulting from elimination of quotas in 2005. China and other Asian countries' ability to produce quality products efficiently at lower comparative costs has been threatening apparel manufacturers in most developing countries in Africa. The purpose of this study is to analyse Kenya's apparel industry's current situation and to recommend some strategies for regaining business competitiveness in the apparel sector. This paper examines how apparel firms could develop competitive advantages in both local and global markets. It uses Porter's diamond and business value chain models as a basis of analysis for interpreting competitive factors within Kenya's apparel industry. In addition to extensive literature reviews, the paper provides in-depth overview of Kenya's apparel sector business dynamics and its relationships with local and global markets. Conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of Porter's theoretical models in relationship to Kenya's apparel industry business dynamics. Taking into account the global apparel business factors, recommendations are made on how the Kenya's apparel industry can regain business competitiveness.展开更多
文摘This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two types of strategic interaction settings relevant to disclosure: capacity competition and price competition. Capacity competition drives firms to disclose more information to attain financial market valuation-related benefits, while price competition drives them to disclose less to protect long-term product market advantages. The author finds that the type of product market competition affects the level of voluntary disclosure over and above the finn's external financing needs documented in the previous literature. That is, firms engaged in capacity competition disclose relatively more information than those in price competition. Further analysis shows that capacity competition firms disclose more information than no-strategic-interaction benchmark firms but that price competition firms do not disclose less information than the benchmark firms.
文摘The shipping industry is one of the biggest industries throughout the ages. Maritime transport plays a vital role in world economy; whereas competition between maritime companies is fierce [1], at the same time agreements of co-operation have taken different forms including alliances and mergers between companies to increase their market share. But competitions still stand despite all alliances even in same market. This intense competition drives companies to attain high level of competitiveness, by monitoring ship's operating performance and operating cost, emphasis on improving performance and reduce cost. On other hand new environmental regulations come to light, expansion of ECA (emission control areas), which lead to significant higher fuel cost when using low sulfur fuel. Since the fuel cost is the largest portion of the operating cost of the vessel, a saving in fuel usage can result in considerable saving in operational costs. Furthermore, fuel saving has environmental benefits in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of trim optimization which considers one of the easiest and cheapest methods for ship performance optimization and fuel consumption reduction trim optimization.
文摘Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management level. Since the reform and opening, the adoption of international standards and foreign advanced standards as a major technical and economic policy and active promotion of it, has played a significant role in promoting economic development and improve our products competitive in the international market. Some of the industry increased awareness of the standardization in the fierce competition in the market, making the standardization as a competitive means to promote industrial upgrading and technological progress.
文摘Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports(ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt's cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.
文摘The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects (different features and facilities provided), and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies' tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.
文摘Considering the rapid changes in the competitive era, Chinese small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continuously to look for ways on how to survive, grow and be competitive. Knowledge management (KM) is important for SEMs to lead their efforts to foster a sustainable competitive advantage. This paper is based on an investigation of the knowledge management practices for knowledge-intensive SMEs. The research discovered that SMEs do not manage knowledge the same way as larger organizations. There are some peculiarities in knowledge management practices at SMEs. SMEs will face several unique challenges in KM implementation. They are knowledge identification and acquisition, knowledge dissemination and organizational learning, knowledge creation and innovation, and organizational culture. It is crucial that Chinese SMEs, especially in knowledge intensive enterprises should efficiently adopt some informal or formal KM strategies, in order to implement an appropriate KM and maximize their competitiveness and survival chances.
文摘The purpose of this exploratory paper is to try to envision how corporate governance systems and practices are evolving and what eventually determines the forms they take and the functions they perform. Practical implications especially concern different consequences that recent global economic crisis has imposed on regulatory, business, and social aspects of corporate governance. In order to encompass different approaches to this ongoing issue, the author takes into account mainly theoretical contributions that address the issue from the following perspectives: interrelations between product market competition and corporate governance, assessment of capital market pressures on corporate governance; relation between labour market and corporate governance; and actors influencing corporate governance changes in national systems of corporate governance. Since the viability of any corporate governance system and practice, at national and international levels, depends on their ability to respond to both market pressure towards competitiveness and diversified requirements by influential social, political, and economic actors of change, the author suggests that all groups of factors should continue to be in the focus of future researches. On the other hand, as global economic crisis differently affects different countries and businesses, it is of particular importance for those that shape corporate governance policies and practices to be aware of the deep relatedness between corporate governance, on the one hand, and economic, social, and environmental aspects of growth and development, on the other hand.
文摘Sinopec led the Chinese firms in the list, with its ranking up to 31 from 52 of last year. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) also witnessed a major ranking boost, climbing to 46 from 73 in 2004. The rise for these two oil firms is related to the oil prices jump in the global market, according to some experts.
文摘In general, based on the traditional operation and management model, innovation means reforming the activities of financial institutions, financial instruments, technology of financial services as well as organizational forms of financial markets, because promoting the overall development of the financial industry is the fundamental purpose of financial innovation, we should optimize the allocation of the existing resources of the financial institutions and improve financial efficiency, thus gradually promote the market competitiveness of financial institutions.
文摘During the 11th Five-year Plan period, China's agricultural productivity improved on all levels; the contribution rate of technologies to agriculture rose steadily, the agricultural service system was gradually restored and agricultural policy regimes were consummated. However, China's sustainable agricultural development faces severe tests such as agri-tech "short slabs" and poor collaborative operation. The 12'h Five- year Plan period will bring both strategic opportunities and challenges. Brisker market demands and more agricultural inputs, a higher technical level and better policy regimes will drive development. On the other hand, agriculture will be confronted with more resource and environment constraints, fewer traditional comparative advantages and hidden hazards, etc. Over the next five years, China should stay its course to agricultural modernization based on its national conditions and the sustainable development concept and establish a "broad interpretation of grain security" to improve the productivity, risk- resistance capabilities and market competitiveness of its agricultural industry.
文摘This paper summarizes the encrgy consumption of rail transit and the current situation of energy saving. Then it puts forward a number of policy support measures on the technology management from several aspects, such as the raft line, traction power supply, energy-saving mode and so on The related research helps urban rail transit enterprises save energy consumption, reduce costs to improve their market competitiveness, as well as to promote the enterprises to fulfill social responsibility and carry out the sustainable development idea.
文摘In today's globally competitive world, because of the globalization, new business patterns and the changing nature of consumers, the companies feel the necessity to act strategic in the market and to reach up the target markets and sustain maximum customer satisfaction in order to compete and survive. In this context, within the study it is tried to define product positioning in international markets and global branding strategies conceptually and to focus on their contributions to the overall competitive advantage of the company. Initially, the study tries to present the association between product positioning and global branding approaches of the companies and sustaining competitive advantage. Justifications for the examination of the importance of companies' international product positioning and global branding orientations as a basis of creating competitive advantage were derived from the literature. It is suggested that the companies' product positioning and global branding orientations and sustaining competitive advantage are the important aspects in multinational management and international business areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of product positioning and global branding strategies of the companies with special references to various industries and global brands.
文摘Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better market shares and profits. Towards this end, MNCs should develop a comprehensive innovation strategy. Innovation is a way of life and the spirit of innovation, like the spirit of entrepreneurship, must be sustained. The goal should be continuous growth with competitiveness. And towards this purpose, organizations must innovate. The article draws from innovation concepts as they would lead to organizational growth and competitiveness. MNC international structure, culture, and leadership style have an influence on the innovation culture and creativity process in the MNC organization. The article sets forth a model for MNC decision-making structure and organizational culture for facilitating the innovative fervor and capability to be more favorable to the MNC. The models presented here are meaningful in the quest for greater MNC innovativeness and creativity.
文摘The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management innovation. The conclusion is that SMEs should build the core competitive advantages through management innovation, in order to achieve better performance in the fierce market competition.
文摘Urban competitiveness has been the hot topic for researches and studies over years. The aim of this paper is to elaborate urban competitiveness. First, definition of competitiveness is discussed in detail and then the differences of competitiveness of nations and enterprises are presented. In Section 2, urban competitiveness is defined. Since the assessment of urban competitiveness is the focus of many studies, Section 3 elaborates four models or frameworks for assessing urbancompetitiveness. Last, but by no means the least, Chengdu has been discussed as a case on how to improve urban competitiveness. Three suggestions are put forward, which are clustering strategy, more efficient governance and urban marketing campaigns respectively.
基金This research is supported by Special Science Fund on University Doctor Science Point of the Department of Education of China (20020698027).
文摘At present, electricity price to grid of domestic power plants is priced by the national administration based on the policy of "one power plant with one electricity price to grid," which is difficult to realize real bidding for access to grid in practice in a short term. This paper presents one kind of power-exchanging transaction model among price-varied power plants, which will be beneficial to price-varied power plants without any loss of profits of them and guarantee state-owned assets profits in minimum loss with no promotion of average price limit by power plants. Under ideal conditions, the computation results showed the sufficiency and necessity of power-exchanging transaction and maximum similarity with the requirements of optimized resources disposition in economics. The presented model is shown to be full of practicability and has been used in some part of power market.
文摘Knowledge has become one of the most important driving forces for business success. Organizations are becoming more knowledge intensive. Many firms in the global market are aware of this, and they try to explore the field of knowledge management (KM) in order to improve and sustain their competitiveness. Knowledge has always been the central in the functioning of society. However, in today's "knowledge economy", organizations are increasingly aware of the need for a "knowledge focus" in their organizational strategies as they respond to changes in the environment. The aim of this paper is to describe the theoretical concepts and approaches of KM process that could be implemented in organizations by reviewing KM process theories and present suggestions for what a general process should include based on analysis of various models presented in KM. The main emphasis is laid upon the concept of goal definition review, validation, and knowledge training processes in order to make sure that KM process initiative will deliver competitive advantage to the organization.
文摘The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country's economic development; however the sector's competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resulting from elimination of quotas in 2005. China and other Asian countries' ability to produce quality products efficiently at lower comparative costs has been threatening apparel manufacturers in most developing countries in Africa. The purpose of this study is to analyse Kenya's apparel industry's current situation and to recommend some strategies for regaining business competitiveness in the apparel sector. This paper examines how apparel firms could develop competitive advantages in both local and global markets. It uses Porter's diamond and business value chain models as a basis of analysis for interpreting competitive factors within Kenya's apparel industry. In addition to extensive literature reviews, the paper provides in-depth overview of Kenya's apparel sector business dynamics and its relationships with local and global markets. Conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of Porter's theoretical models in relationship to Kenya's apparel industry business dynamics. Taking into account the global apparel business factors, recommendations are made on how the Kenya's apparel industry can regain business competitiveness.