China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopol...China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.展开更多
The traditional market segmentation was based on ＂transcendental rationality＂ or ＂Situational Rationality＂, studies shows that it had disadvantages. This paper states the ＂Situational＂ integrated rationality hyp...The traditional market segmentation was based on ＂transcendental rationality＂ or ＂Situational Rationality＂, studies shows that it had disadvantages. This paper states the ＂Situational＂ integrated rationality hypothesis and then comes up with the market segmenting models and classification algorithm basing on this hypothesis. This algorithm combined the Rough Set theory and Neural Networks in application, which overcome the dilemma that caused complicated network structure and long training time by only using Neural Networks and influenced the classification precision caused by noise disturbance by only using Rough Set methods. Finally, the paper did a comparison experiment between the traditional method and the method we came up, the results shows that the model and algorithm has its advantage on every aspects.展开更多
By applying methods of investment appraisal, this paper offers a financial approach for determining the optimal level of segment-specific marketing activities and market development under the conditions of imperfect m...By applying methods of investment appraisal, this paper offers a financial approach for determining the optimal level of segment-specific marketing activities and market development under the conditions of imperfect markets and uncertainty. Within the scope of marketing planning and controlling, the model is suited to optimizing an enterprise＇s market activities and taking interdependencies between market segments, production, and investments into account. Applying duality theory of linear programming allows for identifying the income determinants and deriving formulas for a correct valuation by using （corrected） net present values （NPVs）. Under certain conditions, they can also be used to easily evaluate and financially interpret the effects of parameter changes. The author uses sensitivity analysis to support these findings and to obtain more information on the effects of these determinants.展开更多
中国存储的过去10年:过去十年,是中国存储"建设"的10年。随着数据对企业竞争力、人民生活重要性的快速提升,数据中心在过去十年已经从"nice to have"成为"must to have";中国市场也随之从一个"卖场&...中国存储的过去10年:过去十年,是中国存储"建设"的10年。随着数据对企业竞争力、人民生活重要性的快速提升,数据中心在过去十年已经从"nice to have"成为"must to have";中国市场也随之从一个"卖场"转变成"战略重点"。展开更多
As an emerging mountain vacation tourism product,ski tourism is becoming increasingly important in the domestic tourism market.As an important theory for studying the quality of consumer experience,perceived value has...As an emerging mountain vacation tourism product,ski tourism is becoming increasingly important in the domestic tourism market.As an important theory for studying the quality of consumer experience,perceived value has been widely employed in tourism research in recent years,and improving the ski tourism experience value has become the focus of competition among ski tourism destinations.Taking the ski tourists in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou as an example,305 valid questionnaires were collected by using online and offline methods.Based on the theory of perceived value,this paper adopted principal component analysis and cluster analysis to conduct a preliminary study of ski tourism experience and market segmentation.In addition,this paper examined the differences in demographic and behavioral characteristics of different types of ski tourists.This study finds that:(1)The perceived value of ski tourism experience includes four dimensions:facility value,perceived price,safety value and service value.(2)Using the perceived value to segment ski tourists,three different customer segments are identified:comfort-pursuant,price-sensitive and safety-oriented.(3)There are significant differences in key metrics,such as number of visits and stay time,among different types of ski tourists according to their demographic characteristics such as gender,age,monthly income,and behavioral characteristics.These results reveal the different dimensions of the perceived value of ski tourism experience and determine the market segments and characteristics of ski tourists.Developing a corresponding marketing strategy based on the different market segments can better promote the perceived value of ski tourists,and ultimately strengthen the competitiveness of the enterprises.展开更多
文摘China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.
基金This paper is financial aided by the National Natural Science Foundation project in China （No. 70640008）, The National Social Science Foundation project in China （No. 05BJY043） and The Foundation Project of Inner Mongolia education office （No. N J02019）.
文摘The traditional market segmentation was based on ＂transcendental rationality＂ or ＂Situational Rationality＂, studies shows that it had disadvantages. This paper states the ＂Situational＂ integrated rationality hypothesis and then comes up with the market segmenting models and classification algorithm basing on this hypothesis. This algorithm combined the Rough Set theory and Neural Networks in application, which overcome the dilemma that caused complicated network structure and long training time by only using Neural Networks and influenced the classification precision caused by noise disturbance by only using Rough Set methods. Finally, the paper did a comparison experiment between the traditional method and the method we came up, the results shows that the model and algorithm has its advantage on every aspects.
文摘By applying methods of investment appraisal, this paper offers a financial approach for determining the optimal level of segment-specific marketing activities and market development under the conditions of imperfect markets and uncertainty. Within the scope of marketing planning and controlling, the model is suited to optimizing an enterprise＇s market activities and taking interdependencies between market segments, production, and investments into account. Applying duality theory of linear programming allows for identifying the income determinants and deriving formulas for a correct valuation by using （corrected） net present values （NPVs）. Under certain conditions, they can also be used to easily evaluate and financially interpret the effects of parameter changes. The author uses sensitivity analysis to support these findings and to obtain more information on the effects of these determinants.
文摘As an emerging mountain vacation tourism product,ski tourism is becoming increasingly important in the domestic tourism market.As an important theory for studying the quality of consumer experience,perceived value has been widely employed in tourism research in recent years,and improving the ski tourism experience value has become the focus of competition among ski tourism destinations.Taking the ski tourists in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou as an example,305 valid questionnaires were collected by using online and offline methods.Based on the theory of perceived value,this paper adopted principal component analysis and cluster analysis to conduct a preliminary study of ski tourism experience and market segmentation.In addition,this paper examined the differences in demographic and behavioral characteristics of different types of ski tourists.This study finds that:(1)The perceived value of ski tourism experience includes four dimensions:facility value,perceived price,safety value and service value.(2)Using the perceived value to segment ski tourists,three different customer segments are identified:comfort-pursuant,price-sensitive and safety-oriented.(3)There are significant differences in key metrics,such as number of visits and stay time,among different types of ski tourists according to their demographic characteristics such as gender,age,monthly income,and behavioral characteristics.These results reveal the different dimensions of the perceived value of ski tourism experience and determine the market segments and characteristics of ski tourists.Developing a corresponding marketing strategy based on the different market segments can better promote the perceived value of ski tourists,and ultimately strengthen the competitiveness of the enterprises.
