The hydrothermal scheduling in the electric power market becomes difficult because of introducing competition and considering sorts of constraints. An augmented Lagrangian approach is adopted to solve the problem,whic...The hydrothermal scheduling in the electric power market becomes difficult because of introducing competition and considering sorts of constraints. An augmented Lagrangian approach is adopted to solve the problem,which adds to the standard Lagrangian function a quadratic penalty term without changing its dual property,and reduces the oscillation in iterations. According to the theory of large system coordination and decomposition,the problem is divided into hydro sub-problem and thermal sub-problem,which are coordinated by updating the Lagrangian multipliers,then the optimal solution is obtained. Our results for a test system show that the augmented Lagrangian approach can make the problem converge into the optimal solution quickly.展开更多
In this review, features and new trends on Turkish poultry industry are evaluated. Turkish poultry industry has rapidly developed in last years in especially broiler meat and egg production. As a result of these devel...In this review, features and new trends on Turkish poultry industry are evaluated. Turkish poultry industry has rapidly developed in last years in especially broiler meat and egg production. As a result of these developments, The Turkish poultry sector is recognized as an industry. The industry has advantages such as modem facilities and production methods, thanks to international standards and international markets in close proximity, making it able to compete with the whole world. However, industry has some problems such as the high costs of the production and dependence on extemal inputs for raw materials in feed and breeders. Fortunately, Turkey is an interesting country that can adapt very quickly to emergencies. Turkish poultry industry is trying to adapt to new and difficult conditions and often succeeded. The policies being followed by the elimination of dependence in foreign, measures taken to reduce costs and the growth of the industry are supported in an increasingly manner to increase production and consumption. Thus, it is aimed that the Turkish poultry industry became much more useful industry on reduction in unemployment and finding a solution to the immigration problem by healthier, faster and planned development.展开更多
Occupation is an important variable that determines employees＇ labor income and thereby influences income differences among residents. On the basis of the subsample of data from the One Percent National Population Sa...Occupation is an important variable that determines employees＇ labor income and thereby influences income differences among residents. On the basis of the subsample of data from the One Percent National Population Sample Survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics in China in 2005, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between occupation and income differences. It finds that inter-occupational income differences explain 12-17 percent of the total income disparity among urban employees. This inter-occupational income disparity is mainly caused by the fact that, first, different occupations have varying human capital requirements, leading to different labor remuneration, and second, labor market and regional segmentation impede the free flow of labor across different occupations. The first factor highlights the role of human capital, and should be seen as a positive effect of market-oriented reform, while the second reflects the incompleteness of this reform at the present stage. Therefore, to narrow unreasonable inter- occupational income gaps, we need to intensify reform and do our best to remove barriers hindering free mobility between occupations.展开更多
This paper deals with the problem of how to take full use of prices information to model financial markets.A range decomposition technique is proposed to decompose the returns into two components.It is proved theoreti...This paper deals with the problem of how to take full use of prices information to model financial markets.A range decomposition technique is proposed to decompose the returns into two components.It is proved theoretically that these two components are bi-directional Granger causality,which makes it convenient to establish a vector autoregressive model(VAR).Both simulations and empirical studies are performed,and the results are consistent with the theoretical ones.The range decomposition approach presented in this paper is more efficient in information employment and suggests a new framework to model financial markets.展开更多
基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education(Grant No.20050213006) the Key Science Research Project of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.GD07A304).
文摘The hydrothermal scheduling in the electric power market becomes difficult because of introducing competition and considering sorts of constraints. An augmented Lagrangian approach is adopted to solve the problem,which adds to the standard Lagrangian function a quadratic penalty term without changing its dual property,and reduces the oscillation in iterations. According to the theory of large system coordination and decomposition,the problem is divided into hydro sub-problem and thermal sub-problem,which are coordinated by updating the Lagrangian multipliers,then the optimal solution is obtained. Our results for a test system show that the augmented Lagrangian approach can make the problem converge into the optimal solution quickly.
文摘In this review, features and new trends on Turkish poultry industry are evaluated. Turkish poultry industry has rapidly developed in last years in especially broiler meat and egg production. As a result of these developments, The Turkish poultry sector is recognized as an industry. The industry has advantages such as modem facilities and production methods, thanks to international standards and international markets in close proximity, making it able to compete with the whole world. However, industry has some problems such as the high costs of the production and dependence on extemal inputs for raw materials in feed and breeders. Fortunately, Turkey is an interesting country that can adapt very quickly to emergencies. Turkish poultry industry is trying to adapt to new and difficult conditions and often succeeded. The policies being followed by the elimination of dependence in foreign, measures taken to reduce costs and the growth of the industry are supported in an increasingly manner to increase production and consumption. Thus, it is aimed that the Turkish poultry industry became much more useful industry on reduction in unemployment and finding a solution to the immigration problem by healthier, faster and planned development.
文摘Occupation is an important variable that determines employees＇ labor income and thereby influences income differences among residents. On the basis of the subsample of data from the One Percent National Population Sample Survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics in China in 2005, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between occupation and income differences. It finds that inter-occupational income differences explain 12-17 percent of the total income disparity among urban employees. This inter-occupational income disparity is mainly caused by the fact that, first, different occupations have varying human capital requirements, leading to different labor remuneration, and second, labor market and regional segmentation impede the free flow of labor across different occupations. The first factor highlights the role of human capital, and should be seen as a positive effect of market-oriented reform, while the second reflects the incompleteness of this reform at the present stage. Therefore, to narrow unreasonable inter- occupational income gaps, we need to intensify reform and do our best to remove barriers hindering free mobility between occupations.
文摘This paper deals with the problem of how to take full use of prices information to model financial markets.A range decomposition technique is proposed to decompose the returns into two components.It is proved theoretically that these two components are bi-directional Granger causality,which makes it convenient to establish a vector autoregressive model(VAR).Both simulations and empirical studies are performed,and the results are consistent with the theoretical ones.The range decomposition approach presented in this paper is more efficient in information employment and suggests a new framework to model financial markets.
