从“士风”到“市风”:魏晋与明清士人“狂放”风貌比较

在中国文化史和美学史上,魏晋与明清的士人都有种“狂放”的风格。这两个时期士人的“狂”都是群体性的,并不属于单一的个体行为。但两个时期士人的“狂放”又各具风貌。魏晋士人的“狂”体现的是“士风”,展示的是一种士人的风采,具有审美的特征。明清士人的“狂”则呈现两重性:一方面,继续延续着古代士人的风貌;另一方面,又带有鲜明的世俗色彩,呈现与商品社会相适应的市俗风貌。魏晋和明清士人的“狂放”具有鲜明的时代特征,也反映了中国社会和文化的历史变革,体现了中国古代士人的心路历程。

粤港澳大湾区科技园地域性设计研究综述

文章综述了大湾区科技园地域性设计的理论研究进展;基于科技园地域性设计实践分类标准,对案例的类型及特点进行梳理;提出研究展望,以期为我国高质量发展背景下科技园的地域性设计提供参考。

江南词学版图与“环太湖词圈”的动态考察

明清词的发展,较之其他文体,更能体现江南文学的地域凝聚力和影响力。而对江南词学版图的研究,必须有清晰的层次感。既要对"环太湖词圈"的内涵、外延及形成时间作出明确的界定和阐述,又要摆脱静态、整体的思维定式,考察"环太湖词圈"的内部变化机制,及其中心从杭州至苏州再至嘉兴的移动、发散之势。在此基础上,回归文学本位,探究这一文学地理现象背后的思想演变理路,即元明词人的创作身份从士人向市民的转移。而清初词人对此的回应,一是在词风、词境的重塑上,作复倡雅正之努力;二是顺应阶层下移、散点分布的词学发展大势,这两点在词学地理上皆有所反映。

Simulation of Revised Puff Trajectory Model in Regional Atmospheric Environmental Risks

[Objective] The aim was to research application of revised puff trajectory model in atmospheric environmental risks simulation.[Method] In the research,theory of puff trajectory model for pollution diffusion in atmosphere in urban areas was analyzed and CALPUFF,a revised puff trajectory model,was applied in prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City.[Result] The simple puff trajectory model can not be applied for long-distance transport or in complex terrain and airflow field.In contrast,CALPUFF would be applied in urban areas,and complex terrain or underlying surface.With high resolution ratio,it would depict the beginning condition and detailed distribution of pollutants transport and diffusion.For prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City,northwest wind dominated in Huangshui Valley;north wind dominated in Beichuan Valley;temperature inversion occurred at high altitude.These had a significant effect on the downwind direction in Xining urban district.The simulation results indicated that puffs usually spread along Huangshui Valley and some non-steady phenomena occurred,such as blocking effect by mountains,deformation of puff by airflow field in ridges and influence of valley wind.[Conclusion] The research is of significance for precise prediction on characters,influence and extent of atmospheric environmental risks in cities.

Urban Landscape Construction Guided by the Landscape City——a Case Study of Wanli District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province

Mountains and waters serve as important elements for urban spatial mor-phology, structure and eco-environment. Since scientist Qian Xuesen proposed the concept of landscape city, it has been an effective way for urban development in case of thousand-city in the same appearance. In the study, we analyzed the con-cept, connotation and approaches and proposed the ways to landscape city.

拾荒琐记(续)——抗战时期杂文集数种

雪锋的《乡风与市风》雪峰的杂文集《乡风与市风》,一九四四年十一月由重庆作家书屋出版。一九四八年三月在上海印行了第二版。书名为什么叫《乡风与市风》?想来与雪峰同志当时的生活环境有关。一九四三年二月他从上饶集中营出狱,在浙江丽水住了下来。由于受到一位朋友的委托,编了一段时间的报纸副刊,又开始写起杂文来。雪峰的杂文是写时代的,当然也写社会和人民。他在这个战时的小县里看世界,观察中国的现状。

Wind Power Industry in China

Base on the full and accurate statistical informa tion, the status and existing technical problems of wind power in China are analyzed in terms of yearly installed capacity, single unit capacity, regional distribution, investment as well as the market shares and the local ization of wind power units etc. The paper believes that wind power industry in China will grow by leaps and bounds in near future.

Vertical axis wind turbine with omni-directional-guide-vane for urban high-rise buildings

A novel shrouded wind-solar hybrid renewable energy and rain water harvester with an omni-directional-guide-vane(ODGV) for urban high-rise application is introduced.The ODGV surrounds the vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT) and enhances the VAWT performance by increasing the on-coming wind speed and guiding it to an optimum flow angle before it interacts with the rotor blades.An ODGV scaled model was built and tested in the laboratory.The experimental results show that the rotational speed of the VAWT increases by about 2 times.Simulations show that the installation of the ODGV increases the torque output of a single-bladed VAWT by 206% for tip speed ratio of 0.4.The result also reveals that higher positive torque can be achieved when the blade tangential force at all radial positions is optimized.In conclusion,the ODGV improves the power output of a VAWT and this integrated design promotes the installation of wind energy systems in urban areas.

Study of Enterprises Marketing Risk Early Warning System Based on BP Neural Network Model

For effectively early warning the marketing risk caused along with the varied environment, a BP neural network method was introduced on the basis of analyzing the shortcomings of the risk early warning method, and combined with the practical conditions of dairy enterprises, the index system caused by the marketing risk was also studied. The＇principal component method was used for screening the indexes, the grades and critical values of the marketing risk were determined. Through the configuration of BP network, node processing and error analysis, the early warning resuits of the marketing risk were obtained. The results indicate that BP neural network method can be effectively applied through the function approach in the marketing early warning with incomplete information and complex varied conditions.

Scenic Beauty Estimation of Greenbelts in Arterial Roads in Chongqing City

In the research, trees along 42 roads in Chongqing were explored and es- timated in terms of aesthetics, and aesthetic tendency and major influential factors of aesthetic value of street greenbelts in Chongqing arterial roads were estimated with phychophysical method to establish SBE model of arterial road greenbelts land- scape.

Are spatial distributions of major elements in soil influenced by human landscapes?

The present study attempted to evaluate the influence of human activity on major elements （Na2O, MgO, A1203, SiO2, K2O, CaO, Fe203）, and to find a method to explore correlations between major elements and human disturbances, according to geospatial theories and methods. The study results indicate that landscapes influence major elements in diverse ways： Al2O3 is closely related to road and mine landscapes; strong relationships exist between MgO, Fe2O3, CaO, and SiO2 and roads; Na2O, SiO2, and Fe2O3 are unrelated to city landscapes; and Na2O is unrelated to road and mine landscapes.

Assessment on Agricultural Drought Risk Based on Variable Fuzzy Sets Model

Drought is one of the major natural disasters causing huge agricultural losses annually. Regional agricultural drought risk assessment has great significance for reducing regional disaster and agricultural drought losses. Based on the fuzzy characteristics of agricultural drought risk, variable fuzzy sets model was used for comprehensively assessing agricultural drought risk of Liaoning Province in China. A multi-layers and multi-indices assessment model was estab-lished according to variable fuzzy sets theory, and agricultural drought risk of all 14 prefecture-level cities was respec-tively estimated in terms of dangerousness, vulnerability, exposure and drought-resistibility. By calculating the combi-nation weights of four drought risk factors, agricultural drought risk grade of each city was obtained. Based on the as-sessment results, the spatial distribution maps of agricultural drought risk were drawn. The results shows that eastern cities have lower drought dangerousness than western cities in Liaoning Province totally. Most cities are located in low drought vulnerability region and high drought exposure region. Because of frequent and severe drought since 2000, most cities are located in lower drought-resistibility region. Comprehensive agricultural drought risk presents apparent spatial characteristics, escalating from the east to the west. Drought dangerousness is the most important factor influencing comprehensive agricultural drought risk. Through the spatial distribution maps of drought risk, decision makers could find out drought situation and make decisions on drought resistance conveniently.

Mapping Seismic Vulnerability and Risk of Cities： The MASSIVE Project

MASSIVE （mapping seismic vulnerability and risk of cities） is a GIS-based earthquake preparedness system that was developed under the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism project （GA No. 070401/2009/540429/SUB/A4）, in order to provide civil protection authorities with accurate, and easily transferable tools for generating up-to-date maps of seismic hazard, seismic vulnerability and seismic risk of buildings, at the scale of the single building block. In addition, MASSIVE developed and ran state-of-the-art models to assess the risk for population evacuation in dense urban agglomerations given an earthquake event. The MASSIVE methodology was designed, implemented and validated considering two European pilot sites, heavily struck by recent earthquakes, which are the western part of the Larger Metropolitan Area of Athens （GR）, and the city of L＇ Aquila in the Abruzzo Region （IT）. The validation of the results using past earthquake records shows that the performance of MASSIVE is prosperous, achieving a correlation between the modeled and the on-site measured PGAs （peak ground accelerations） higher than 0.75, while the correlation between the on-site reported building damages and the ones predicted by the MASSIVE system has been of the order of 0.80.

Fission Track Dating of Authigenic Quartz in Red Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks in Guizhou Province

The Cenozoic evolution history of Guizhou Province, which is located on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records. The red weathering crusts widespread on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may bear critical information about their evolution history. This work firstly determined the ages of four red weathering crusts in eastern, central and northern Guizhou. The material used in fission track dating is well-crystallized quartz occurring in many in-situ weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The results showed that the fission track ages of quartz vary over a wide range from 1 to 25 Ma in the four profiles, significantly younger than the ages of the Triassic and Cambrian parent rocks. In combination with the evolution history of the regional geology during the period from 25 to 1 Ma, the ages of quartz can exclude the possibility that the origin of quartz has nothing to do with primary clastic minerals in parent rocks, authigenesis during diagenesis and hydrothermal precipitation or roplacement by volcanic activities. It is deduced that the well-crystallized quartz was precipitated from Si-rich weathering fluids during the weathering process of carbonate rocks. The recorded ages of quartz from the four profiles are consistent with the episodes of the planation surfaces on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the forming stages of red soil in the tropics of South China, the tectonically stable periods in Guizhou, and the ages of weathering in other parts of the world during the Cenozoic era. That is to say, the ages of authigenic quartz dated by the fission track method are well feasible and credible.

＂Universal Design＂ Approach for the Participation of the Disabled in Urban Life

Disability can occur to anyone and anyone can have difficulties in fulfilling daily activities in a certain part of their lives. Accessibility is a crucial matter and a basic human right for the disabled people in order to join the urban life. For this reason, the physical environment must be set, starting with the planning and design stage, in a form that can satisfy the utility and accessibility requirements of disabled people. One of the most important recent concepts to enable accessible and useful spaces for the disabled is the ＂universal design＂. Nowadays, even though there is an increase in the number of scientific publications, meetings and decisions taken, the regulatory process on our current living environment is developing slowly regarding the physical accessibility. At this point, the most important role regarding the handling of social and political paradigms of disability, addressing different users, application of the principals of universal design and creating knowledge in order to increase social awareness belongs to the departments of universities that offer design courses. The subject of the study in this context is to determine the contents and the proportion of the courses （compulsory and elective） related to ＂universal design and ＂disability design＂, which will ensure our living environment to be accessible and independently utilized for everyone, in the course plan of the architecture, interior architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture departments in Turkey.

A climatic environmental performance assessment method for ecological city construction:Application to Beijing Yanqi Lake

In contrast to the input perspective for evaluating planning metrics, this research takes the climatic environmental output effects as the starting point for assessing ecological city construction. Based on approaches such as observation data analysis, meteorological model simulation, and remote sensing, a set of climatic environmental performance assessment methods is developed and established. These methods mainly focus on surface ventilation assessment and urban thermal environment assessment. With the Yanqi Lake ecological development demonstration area located in Huairou district, Beijing as an example, the assessment of the local climatic environment before and after the construction are conducted, and relevant policy suggestions for urban planning and construction are presented. The results show that after development, the ventilation capacity will decrease overall and the ventilation potential index will decrease from 0.53 to 0.44. While this is not a large reduction, and is still at a favorable level, the ventilation potential in some local areas will markedly decrease. Furthermore, the thermal environment will become poorer to some extent; the urban heat island(UHI) area and intensity will increase compared with the current situation;continuous heat islands may occur in local areas; the UHI potential index of the core area will rise from 0.0878 to 0.1217(still a favorable level).Therefore, urban surfaces should be carefully developed and arranged during planning. It is suggested that the negative impacts of large areas of urban construction on the local climatic environment in the Yanqi Lake could be mitigated by 1) strengthening the airflow by introducing fresh,cold, northwesterly air via constructed ventilation corridors, 2) increasing the number of ecological cold sources, particularly for water bodies and green belts to prevent the UHI in the southern region of Yanqi Lake from becoming linked with each other, and 3) considering a pre-program before sub-domain and building planning to obtain optimum building locations. Different construction standards should be developed for different ventilation potential and UHI intensity levels. For strong heat island areas, land areas should be reserved to serve as cold sources.

Call Warrants Impact on Underlying Stocks： The Taiwan Experience

On the basis of the price, volume and volatility of underlying stocks, this article empirically investigates the impact of 273 Taiwan call warrants on underlying stocks. Discussions by the market risk, depth, tightness and liquidity, changes on underlying stocks due to warrants issuance, are investigated. In this study, the CAPM is applied for evaluating the market risk, the Kyle model for the market depth, the averaged best five bid-ask spread for the market tightness and the averaged turnover rate for the market liquidity. The empirical results indicate that the most significant influence is the market liquidity, the market tightness next; the market risk and market depth are non-significant.

Banks＇ Earnings, Risks and Returns in China

This study aims to find the effect of financial risks, price risks and market risks on the Earning Response Coefficients （ERC） for China Commercial Banks. The research methodologies use the traditional cumulative abnormal returns and the unexpected earning as the main dependent and independent variables. The evidences show that： （1） There is a strong returns-to-earnings relation for banks; （2） The liquidity risk has information content beyond earnings changes in the returns-to-earnings relation. This probably due to the reason that managers of banks find the level of liquidity that fulfilled the need of investors and at the same time earns good profits for the banks.

Risk Analysis of Historic Urban Areas： A Case Study of the Salerno City, Italy

The preservation of historical and cultural heritage from seismic risk is a question of interest in Italy. However, too little has been done to deal with this problem. First of all, the seismic safety of cultural heritage should be a topic of prevention. The research described in the paper presents a multi-approach procedure to address risk assessment of large-scale urban systems with the aim to contribute at the development of risk mitigation policies for historical centers buildings. The observation of the earthquakes effects in Italy clearly highlights the role of the high vulnerability of the existing building on the consequences in terms of casualties and damage, rather than the severity of seismic events, especially in historical contexts. Unlike the new buildings which should be planned and designed to respect seismic safety requirements, existing buildings require a careful safety assessment on the basis of their susceptibility to damage which depends on building techniques, past damage events, maintenance, changes, etc.

Risk Factors of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

All kinds of risks exist in the banking industry. In order to cover these exposures, banks must manage these risk factors for better survival in any state of uncertainty. The objective is to examine the relevant risk factors that will affect the sensitivity of commercial banks in Malaysia. These factors are liquidity and interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk, operating and country risk, and exchange rate risk. A survey is conducted to solicit the appropriate factors that will influence the sensitivity of banks. Factor analysis is then used to identify the factors and a regression model is used to establish the associations. The results obtained through this research would be beneficial in constructing an effective solution or strategy to enable banks to minimize risk and possible failure in times of adversity.