Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article ...Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article is to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Methods:A qualitative,exploratory,descriptive and contextual design for theory generation was selected in this study to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Concept analysis of transformative learning was done in the first stage of the main study using Walker and Avant's eight step approach to clarify the conceptual identification and meaning.The results of concept analysis guided data collection in the second stage.Eleven individual agenda semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurse educators to explore and describe their perceptions regarding how transformative learning can be facilitated in nursing education.Matrix building approach was used to analyse the collected data.The third stage constituted the conceptualisation of findings from the second stage using relevant literature within the elements of practice theory.The fourth stage focused on the description and evaluation of a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Findings:Four themes and nine sub-themes emerged and were conceptualised within the six elements of practice theory namely the context,agent,recipient,dynamic,process and procedure and outcome.Conclusion:The relation statements provided the basis for model description.Reliable method was used to describe and evaluate the model.The refinement of the model by experts in model development andqualitative research was made.展开更多
Objectives:Clinical education and experience in the clinical environment play an important role in shaping the clinical experience.Effective clinical teaching improves the clinical practice of the nursing trainees whi...Objectives:Clinical education and experience in the clinical environment play an important role in shaping the clinical experience.Effective clinical teaching improves the clinical practice of the nursing trainees which in turn improves the quality of patient care.It mandates for the clinical instructor with desired qualities,to have a positive influence in clinical education.This study examined nurse trainees'perceptions of clinical instructor characteristics.Methods:The current study was conducted in a multi-cultural tertiary setting using a cross-sectional descriptive design.Using convenience sampling,302 trainees were chosen as participants for the study,and there were 296 respondents.The data were collected from the participants using the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory(NCTEI)tool.Results:The findings of the study revealed that the clinical instructors have scored high in personality(scoring percentage=84.0%)and relatively low in teaching ability(scoring percentage=81.3%).Also,the overall perception was almost the same among all the trainees though there was a slight variation in their rating of each dimension.Conclusions:Nursing trainees indicated the instructors as having good personality and relatively low teaching ability.This mandates the clinical instructors in the clinical environment to empower themselves in this area of improvement.This helps the teaching institutions to consider all the domains of effective clinical instructor characteristics while recruitment and also organize programs giving emphasis on building and developing these characteristics to create effective instructors.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to understand limitations and possibilities of organizing independent contractors by focusing on insurance solicitors in South Korea. Among various types of precarious employment, insuranc...The purpose of this study is to understand limitations and possibilities of organizing independent contractors by focusing on insurance solicitors in South Korea. Among various types of precarious employment, insurance solicitors are an exemplar case of independent contractor jobs in Korea. According to the narrow interpretation on the employment relationship by the courts, the labor standard law does not treat insurance solicitors as workers. And, most of insurance solicitors are not affiliated with labor unions. As a result, insurance solicitors are outside labor protections. Under this context, insurance solicitors attempted to organize their own union--Korean Insurance Agents＇ Union （KIAU） in the early 2000s, and turned it into a branch of Korean Finance and Service Workers＇ Union （KFSWU） in 2004. However, the KIAU lost its membership rapidly since the mid-2000s and has failed to revitalize itself until now. So, in this study, the author focuses on the changes in the employment structure behind the growth of the insurance industry in the private sector and the reason why union organizing of independent contractors was not successful.展开更多
Although cryopreservation of embryos has been used in most terrestrial animals, the application of this technique has not been succeeded for aquatic animals. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of differ...Although cryopreservation of embryos has been used in most terrestrial animals, the application of this technique has not been succeeded for aquatic animals. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of different combinations of sucrose （SUC, C12H22OH） and cryoprotectants （CPAs） on the survival of the catfish embryos （Pangasidae hypophthalmus） at low temperatures （4, 0 and -20 ℃） for short-term storage. For this aim, embryos with somites and optic cups were exposed to different combinations of sucrose with methanol （SUC ＋ MeOH）, 1.2-propylene glycol （SUC ＋ PROH） and ethylene glycol （SUC ＋ EG） at four concentrations ratios： （1） 0.5 M SUC ＋ 0.5 M CPA; （2） 1 M SUC ＋ 0.5 M CPA; （3） 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 M CPA; （4） 1 M SUC ＋ 1 M CPA for 40 min at 4, 0 and -20 ℃. Embryos kept in water at room temperature （RT）, 4, 0 and -20℃ were used as controls. The survival rate was expressed as a percentage of hatched embryos per total embryos treated. The results showed that the hatching rate declined significantly when embryos were stored in water at 0 ℃ and -20℃. For embryos at 0 ℃ storage, the highest survival rate （87.78%） was obtained with 1 M SUC ＋ 1 M MeOH combination while at -20 ℃, only embryos in the combined treatments of 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 MEG and 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 M PROH reached the hatching stage （40% and 83.33%, respectively）. In conclusion, the results showed that the catfish embryos are sensitive to sub-zero temperatures and the combined treatment of 0.5 M sucrose and 1 M propylene glycol can be used to protect catfish embryos from damages caused by low temperature （0 ℃ and -20 ℃）.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to explore the timing of dosing with dapagliflozin(DAPA)in patients with hypovolemia and the role of the clinical pharmacist in pharmacological monitoring.The clinical pharmacist was invo...In the present study,we aimed to explore the timing of dosing with dapagliflozin(DAPA)in patients with hypovolemia and the role of the clinical pharmacist in pharmacological monitoring.The clinical pharmacist was involved in the dosing regimen of two patients with hypovolemia using DAPA and advising patients with insufficient blood volume to withhold the use of the drug.They reviewed the relevant literature to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians and the role of clinical pharmacists in pharmacy services.When considering patients with hypovolemia,the clinical pharmacist can promptly identify that DAPA can reduce blood volume and provide rational advice and rationale for the patient‟s medication that is adopted by the clinician,resulting in an individualized dosing regimen for the patient.Clinical pharmacists are advised to pay attention to the dosing adjustments of DAPA when patients are in hypovolemia and to be more alert to the adverse effects that can result from its use.展开更多
基金The research study was financially supported by the researcher and the partial funding of Supervisor bursaries as awarded by the University of Johannesburg
文摘Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article is to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Methods:A qualitative,exploratory,descriptive and contextual design for theory generation was selected in this study to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Concept analysis of transformative learning was done in the first stage of the main study using Walker and Avant's eight step approach to clarify the conceptual identification and meaning.The results of concept analysis guided data collection in the second stage.Eleven individual agenda semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurse educators to explore and describe their perceptions regarding how transformative learning can be facilitated in nursing education.Matrix building approach was used to analyse the collected data.The third stage constituted the conceptualisation of findings from the second stage using relevant literature within the elements of practice theory.The fourth stage focused on the description and evaluation of a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Findings:Four themes and nine sub-themes emerged and were conceptualised within the six elements of practice theory namely the context,agent,recipient,dynamic,process and procedure and outcome.Conclusion:The relation statements provided the basis for model description.Reliable method was used to describe and evaluate the model.The refinement of the model by experts in model development andqualitative research was made.
基金The study was supported by a grant from the research center at King Fahad Medical City under RFA:018-010 and this didn't influence the results of the study.
文摘Objectives:Clinical education and experience in the clinical environment play an important role in shaping the clinical experience.Effective clinical teaching improves the clinical practice of the nursing trainees which in turn improves the quality of patient care.It mandates for the clinical instructor with desired qualities,to have a positive influence in clinical education.This study examined nurse trainees'perceptions of clinical instructor characteristics.Methods:The current study was conducted in a multi-cultural tertiary setting using a cross-sectional descriptive design.Using convenience sampling,302 trainees were chosen as participants for the study,and there were 296 respondents.The data were collected from the participants using the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory(NCTEI)tool.Results:The findings of the study revealed that the clinical instructors have scored high in personality(scoring percentage=84.0%)and relatively low in teaching ability(scoring percentage=81.3%).Also,the overall perception was almost the same among all the trainees though there was a slight variation in their rating of each dimension.Conclusions:Nursing trainees indicated the instructors as having good personality and relatively low teaching ability.This mandates the clinical instructors in the clinical environment to empower themselves in this area of improvement.This helps the teaching institutions to consider all the domains of effective clinical instructor characteristics while recruitment and also organize programs giving emphasis on building and developing these characteristics to create effective instructors.
文摘The purpose of this study is to understand limitations and possibilities of organizing independent contractors by focusing on insurance solicitors in South Korea. Among various types of precarious employment, insurance solicitors are an exemplar case of independent contractor jobs in Korea. According to the narrow interpretation on the employment relationship by the courts, the labor standard law does not treat insurance solicitors as workers. And, most of insurance solicitors are not affiliated with labor unions. As a result, insurance solicitors are outside labor protections. Under this context, insurance solicitors attempted to organize their own union--Korean Insurance Agents＇ Union （KIAU） in the early 2000s, and turned it into a branch of Korean Finance and Service Workers＇ Union （KFSWU） in 2004. However, the KIAU lost its membership rapidly since the mid-2000s and has failed to revitalize itself until now. So, in this study, the author focuses on the changes in the employment structure behind the growth of the insurance industry in the private sector and the reason why union organizing of independent contractors was not successful.
文摘Although cryopreservation of embryos has been used in most terrestrial animals, the application of this technique has not been succeeded for aquatic animals. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of different combinations of sucrose （SUC, C12H22OH） and cryoprotectants （CPAs） on the survival of the catfish embryos （Pangasidae hypophthalmus） at low temperatures （4, 0 and -20 ℃） for short-term storage. For this aim, embryos with somites and optic cups were exposed to different combinations of sucrose with methanol （SUC ＋ MeOH）, 1.2-propylene glycol （SUC ＋ PROH） and ethylene glycol （SUC ＋ EG） at four concentrations ratios： （1） 0.5 M SUC ＋ 0.5 M CPA; （2） 1 M SUC ＋ 0.5 M CPA; （3） 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 M CPA; （4） 1 M SUC ＋ 1 M CPA for 40 min at 4, 0 and -20 ℃. Embryos kept in water at room temperature （RT）, 4, 0 and -20℃ were used as controls. The survival rate was expressed as a percentage of hatched embryos per total embryos treated. The results showed that the hatching rate declined significantly when embryos were stored in water at 0 ℃ and -20℃. For embryos at 0 ℃ storage, the highest survival rate （87.78%） was obtained with 1 M SUC ＋ 1 M MeOH combination while at -20 ℃, only embryos in the combined treatments of 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 MEG and 0.5 M SUC ＋ 1 M PROH reached the hatching stage （40% and 83.33%, respectively）. In conclusion, the results showed that the catfish embryos are sensitive to sub-zero temperatures and the combined treatment of 0.5 M sucrose and 1 M propylene glycol can be used to protect catfish embryos from damages caused by low temperature （0 ℃ and -20 ℃）.
文摘In the present study,we aimed to explore the timing of dosing with dapagliflozin(DAPA)in patients with hypovolemia and the role of the clinical pharmacist in pharmacological monitoring.The clinical pharmacist was involved in the dosing regimen of two patients with hypovolemia using DAPA and advising patients with insufficient blood volume to withhold the use of the drug.They reviewed the relevant literature to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians and the role of clinical pharmacists in pharmacy services.When considering patients with hypovolemia,the clinical pharmacist can promptly identify that DAPA can reduce blood volume and provide rational advice and rationale for the patient‟s medication that is adopted by the clinician,resulting in an individualized dosing regimen for the patient.Clinical pharmacists are advised to pay attention to the dosing adjustments of DAPA when patients are in hypovolemia and to be more alert to the adverse effects that can result from its use.
