This study will examine the ascent of two women as emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire within the context of constructivism and feminist international relations theory. Constructivism emphasizes ideas, such as the co...This study will examine the ascent of two women as emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire within the context of constructivism and feminist international relations theory. Constructivism emphasizes ideas, such as the content of language and social discourse, over institutions or power. Feminism critiques international relations as a male-centered and dominated discipline. This paper addresses important issues. The first issue is a better understanding of the ascent of two women as Chief Executives of a patriarchal system. The second issue is to increase understanding of how gender is constructed and functions in social, cultural, historical, and institutional contexts, particularly as they intersect with political leadership roles. The thesis of this study is that class, political ambition, and political adroitness are more important than gender and social construction in determining the rise of women to high political office. The work implies that women at the higher end of the social stratum have a significant advantage over men and women at the lower end of the social stratum.展开更多
Ethiopia that had been at the high-up as one of the few world powers in the 1 st and early centuries of the 2nd millennium, and later to descend to poverty line to the extent of being synonym for famine and degradatio...Ethiopia that had been at the high-up as one of the few world powers in the 1 st and early centuries of the 2nd millennium, and later to descend to poverty line to the extent of being synonym for famine and degradation in an English dictionary, is currently on the verge of socio-economic renaissance. Likewise, the country that experienced film viewing in the very early years of the development of world cinema for more than hundred years bad eventually lagged behind those African countries exposed to cinematic arts a few decades ago; but now relatively ascending to its historical status. These days, over hundred films are produced on annual bases in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, articles, books, and encyclopedias written on African and world cinema do not as such include the Ethiopian account, hence adversely affecting the wholeness of universal knowledge. This research thus attempts to investigate the socio-economic and political impacts that governed the development of the Ethiopian screen media during imperial era （1897-1974）. The inconsistency in the development of Ethiopian cinema will be analyzed and demonstrated in conjunction with the socio-economic and political features in the era of Emperor Menelik II, Lij Iyasu, Empress Zewditu, and Emperor Haile Sellassie. The study will portray the strong link between Cinema and mode of productions that would be of a scholastic benefit to the Ethiopian and the international academia. The article hopefully, will contribute to the historiography and completeness of African screen median in particular, and world cinema in general.展开更多
Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon politics inevitably presents itself as the logic or essence of ＂ecological imperialism,＂...Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon politics inevitably presents itself as the logic or essence of ＂ecological imperialism,＂ reflecting a few Western countries＇ expansion and development of their historically formed international hierarchical superiority or exclusive hegemony on the basis of their domestic capitalist economies and politics. This is an intrinsic obstacle to creating a more equitable, democratic and effective global climate or environmental governance system. Criticism of international carbon politics and its ＂ecological imperialism,＂ based on traditional ＂green-left＂ theories from Marxist philosophy and political economy, provides a theoretical basis for seeking an alternative way to cope with global climate change effectively. As a responsible developing country, China＇s response to climate change is not only an internal requirement for the promotion of its own sustainable development, but also reflects its responsibility to create a community of shared future for mankind. This rationale for our time determines that it is necessary for China to become a world leader in coping with global climate change and environmental governance through a leadership which lies in making a contribution rather than fighting for hegemony.展开更多
文摘本文扼要介绍了沃尔特(Michael L.Walter)博士的专著《佛教与帝国——西藏早期的政治与宗教文化》(Buddhism and Empire:the Political and Religious Culture of Early Tibet)一书的主要内容与创新之处,并对之进行了简要评述。
文摘This study will examine the ascent of two women as emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire within the context of constructivism and feminist international relations theory. Constructivism emphasizes ideas, such as the content of language and social discourse, over institutions or power. Feminism critiques international relations as a male-centered and dominated discipline. This paper addresses important issues. The first issue is a better understanding of the ascent of two women as Chief Executives of a patriarchal system. The second issue is to increase understanding of how gender is constructed and functions in social, cultural, historical, and institutional contexts, particularly as they intersect with political leadership roles. The thesis of this study is that class, political ambition, and political adroitness are more important than gender and social construction in determining the rise of women to high political office. The work implies that women at the higher end of the social stratum have a significant advantage over men and women at the lower end of the social stratum.
文摘Ethiopia that had been at the high-up as one of the few world powers in the 1 st and early centuries of the 2nd millennium, and later to descend to poverty line to the extent of being synonym for famine and degradation in an English dictionary, is currently on the verge of socio-economic renaissance. Likewise, the country that experienced film viewing in the very early years of the development of world cinema for more than hundred years bad eventually lagged behind those African countries exposed to cinematic arts a few decades ago; but now relatively ascending to its historical status. These days, over hundred films are produced on annual bases in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, articles, books, and encyclopedias written on African and world cinema do not as such include the Ethiopian account, hence adversely affecting the wholeness of universal knowledge. This research thus attempts to investigate the socio-economic and political impacts that governed the development of the Ethiopian screen media during imperial era （1897-1974）. The inconsistency in the development of Ethiopian cinema will be analyzed and demonstrated in conjunction with the socio-economic and political features in the era of Emperor Menelik II, Lij Iyasu, Empress Zewditu, and Emperor Haile Sellassie. The study will portray the strong link between Cinema and mode of productions that would be of a scholastic benefit to the Ethiopian and the international academia. The article hopefully, will contribute to the historiography and completeness of African screen median in particular, and world cinema in general.
文摘Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon politics inevitably presents itself as the logic or essence of ＂ecological imperialism,＂ reflecting a few Western countries＇ expansion and development of their historically formed international hierarchical superiority or exclusive hegemony on the basis of their domestic capitalist economies and politics. This is an intrinsic obstacle to creating a more equitable, democratic and effective global climate or environmental governance system. Criticism of international carbon politics and its ＂ecological imperialism,＂ based on traditional ＂green-left＂ theories from Marxist philosophy and political economy, provides a theoretical basis for seeking an alternative way to cope with global climate change effectively. As a responsible developing country, China＇s response to climate change is not only an internal requirement for the promotion of its own sustainable development, but also reflects its responsibility to create a community of shared future for mankind. This rationale for our time determines that it is necessary for China to become a world leader in coping with global climate change and environmental governance through a leadership which lies in making a contribution rather than fighting for hegemony.
