旱地大豆带作少耕栽培的田间小气候及对产量的影响

黑龙江省西部半干旱地区大豆采用带作少耕栽培，垅体增大，减少耕翻次数和地面积，减轻土壤水分散失，提高自然降水利用串１４．８％～２０．３％。带作穴播垅间距离增加，株行间通风透光良好，株间相对风速增加３８．２４％～４１．６５％，二氧化碳浓度增加１０．１％，光合强度增加２８．０３％～５９．２６％，生育期光能利用率提高９．８％～１１．６％，土壤耕层温度提高０．３～０．５℃。光温水条件的改善使大豆落花率减少２．５％～５．１％，落荚率减少７．７％～９．５％，生物产量增加１８．８％～２３．１％，子实产量提高１８．３％～１９．９％。

旱地大豆带作少耕抗旱栽培效果

旱地大豆带作少耕抗旱栽培效果邱振英（黑龙江省农业科学院嫩江农业科学研究所齐齐哈尔１６１０４１）黑龙江省西部半干旱地区瞩大陆性季风气候，除具有低温寒冷外．旱灾是本地区一种严重的自然灾害，且以春旱出现的频率最高，夏秋旱也时有发生，持别是春早表现在春季土壤...

大豆带作少耕抗旱高产栽培技术研究

黑龙江省西部半干旱地区大豆采用带作少耕栽培，使垄体增大，耕翻次数减少，土壤保水能力提高，降水利用率提高２１．１％。带作穴播由于垄间距离增加，边际效应明显，株、行间相对风速分别增加３６—８９％和６６—１５６％，冠层内ＣＯ２浓度提高１０．１—４０．０％。光合强度增加３８．６％，光能利用率提高１３．７％，耕层土壤温度提高０．１—０．６℃．半干旱地区大豆带作少耕栽培落花率减少４．７％，落荚率减少６．５％，成荚率增加８．７％，生物产量增加１８．８—３５．４％，籽实产量提高７．８—４０．３％，平均亩产１８１．９ｋｇ，比对照增产２２．１％，最高亩产达到２３０．３ｋｇ．

寒地旱区大豆带作少耕栽培技术

黑龙江省西部半干旱地区大豆种植面积近800万亩,占全省大豆种植面积的31.5%。该地区除低温寒冷外,旱灾是本地区一种严重的自然灾害。为充分利用该地区的光热资源,发挥雨热同季和土壤肥力释放快的优势,以玉米带作为前茬进行大豆带作少耕栽培,通过增大垅体,减少耕耥面积,提高自然降水的利用率,达到增温,抗旱保墒和提高产量的目的。

旱地大豆带作少耕法高产机理

带作少耕栽培法试验于１９９１～１９９３年，在所内外进行。三年试验结果表明，大豆带作少耕栽培法由于改变固有垄体构造，使垄体增大，通风透光好，边际效应明显，实行少耕蓄水保水性能增强，降水利用率提高１７．６％，干物质积累、光合势、净光合生产率、光能利用率都比常规垄作有显著提高。由于以上光、温、水条件的改善，使带作大豆落花率减少４．７％，落荚率减少６．５％，成荚率增加８．７％，经济产量提高１８．３～４１．６％。

大豆带作少耕栽培增产的气象因子分析

大豆带作少耕栽培增产的气象因子分析于朝贵，邱振英，杜懋国（黑龙江省农科院嫩江农科所）总的说来黑龙江省西部半干旱地区大豆采用带作少耕栽培，垄体增大，可减少耕翻次数和趟地面积。减少土壤水分散失，提高自然降水利用率１７．６％。行间通风良好，相对风速增加３８...

“零工作带”铝合金挤压模具的应用

提高铝型材挤压速度是铝型材挤压企业普遍追求的目标,是降低成本、提高效率、节约能源的重要技术手段。在进行挤压模具设计时,相比常规的设计方法,整体降低挤压模具工作带的高度,甚至采用"零工作带"的设计方法,可以使工作带对变形金属的阻碍作用达到最小,减少摩擦,从而大大提高挤压速度。

干燥区单季稻作带水稻生产中的应对策略——以白银市的生产情况为例

本文按照干燥区单季稻作带白银的实际情况,通过分析当地水稻生产现状、存在问题,总结出今后在干燥区单季稻作带的水稻生产对策是加强科技服务,促进水稻新品种的引进推广;栽培技术措施的精确定量;加强省工节本栽培技术的应用;四要提高产品质量,增强市场竞争能力。

适宜于大双覆高产栽培的少耕轮作制

近年来由于地膜覆盖栽培技术在大田生产中的应用，尤其是玉米大双覆技术的推广，使我省粮食得到了大幅度提高。但因大双覆中的三垄变两垄栽培法把我省原有的垄作（６０～７０ｃｍ）变成了９０～１０５ｃｍ大垄，不适宜拖拉机和畜力进地作业，使农户在应用这项增产效果明显...

研制W型钢带机

主要阐述利用乳化液泵站、移溜器制作W型钢带机，并计算了其毛坯尺寸及所需压力。

Long wavelength infrared metalens fabricated by photolithography

Metasurfaces in the long wave infrared(LWIR)spectrum hold great potential for applications in ther-mal imaging,atmospheric remote sensing,and target identification,among others.In this study,we designed and experimentally demonstrated a 4 mm size,all-silicon metasurface metalens with large depth of focus opera-tional across a broadband range from 9µm to 11.5µm.The experimental results confirm effective focusing and imaging capabilities of the metalens in LWIR region,thus paving the way for practical LWIR applications of met-alens technology.

枸杞瘿螨的发生危害调查及生态调控研究

以内蒙古枸杞产区主要害虫枸杞瘿螨为研究对象,于2008-2013年分别在内蒙古托克托县五申镇、乌拉特前旗先锋镇和内蒙古自治区园艺研究院试验场等地,选择不同栽培环境的枸杞园地开展枸杞瘿螨发生危害调查,并进行枸杞行间套作藿香蓟、薄荷及苜蓿等开花植物生态调控枸杞瘿螨试验,为实施以植物多样性为基础的枸杞瘿螨综合调控技术、降低农药使用提供理论和技术支撑。结果表明:枸杞园环围栽培向日葵、玉米和瓜类等多种植物,枸杞行间套作和毗邻向日葵、藿香蓟等开花作物,枸杞与向日葵、玉米间隔呈条幅带作栽培,对枸杞瘿螨的发生危害有抑制作用。生态调控区枸杞瘿螨的发生危害以6月最重,6月到8月危害呈现下降趋势,因此认为,药剂防治仍应是目前早春4-6月枸杞瘿螨出蛰活动期必须实施的措施,之后随着多作物生态环境的营造,可以持续控制枸杞瘿螨的发生危害。

CHANGES OF ATMOSPHERIC CO_2, PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF THE GRASS LAYER AND SOIL CO_2 EVOLUTION IN A TYPICAL TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST STAND IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF BEIJING

Middle-sized chambers (40cmx40cmx20 cm) and an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) were used for the measurement of net photosynthesis of the grass layer and soil CO2 evolution, in Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. forest, which is a typical temperate forest ecosystem in the mountainous areas of Beijing. Changes of CO2 concentrations in both the atmosphere (2m above canopy) and the forest canopy (2m below the top of the canopy) together with those of net photosynthesis and soil CO2 evolution were also examined, in order to find the characteristics of CO2 exchange between the different components of the temperate forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 averaged (323+10) and (330+1) mol mol-1 respectively in summer and autumn. During the 24-hour measurements, large differences as much as -46 and -61 mol mol-1 respectively in the atmosphere and forest were found. Net photosynthesis of the grass layer in summer was (2. 59 9+ 1.05) mol CO2 m-2 S-1, two times of that in autumn, (1.31+0.39) mol CO2 s-1 In summer, there was much more CO2 evolved from soil than in autumn, averaging (5.18+0.75) mol CO2 m-2 s-1 and (1.96 + 0.57) (mol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively. A significant correlation was found between soil CO2 evolution and ground temperature, with F =-0.864 2+0.310 1X,r=0.7164, P<0.001 (n=117). Both the minimal atmospheric CO2 level and the maximum net photosynthesis occurred around 14:00; and an increase in atmospheric CO2 and of soil CO2 evolution during night times were also found to be remarkable.

避暑山庄碑诗解说五则

避暑山庄内有刻有乾隆诗作的诗碑,其诗是很有特色的,反映了乾隆崇尚简朴和不断进取的精神。立诗碑在于告诫子孙。诗中有一些词语如理境、七字、因提、疏仡等易引起误解,一一做了辨析。

Stress spatial evolution law and rockburst danger induced by coal mining in fault zone

In order to explore the influence of coal mining disturbance on the rockburst occurring in fault zone, this research constructed a mechanical model for the evolution of fault stress, and analyzed the influence of the ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress on the stability of fault, and the spatial distribution of the stress in fault zone as well as its evolution rule. Furthermore, the rockburst danger at different spatial areas of fault zone was predicated. Results show that: when both sides of the working face are mined out, the fault zone in the working face presents greater horizontal and vertical stresses at its boundaries but exhibits smaller stresses in its middle section; however, the ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress is found to be greater at middle section and smaller at boundaries. As the working face advances towards the fault, the horizontal and vertical stresses of the fault firstly increases and then decreases; conversely,the ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress keeps decreasing all the time. Therefore, if the fault zones are closer to the goaf and the coal wall, the stress ratio will be smaller, and the fault slip will be more prone to occur, therefore rockburst danger will be greater. This research results provide guidance for the rockburst prevention and hazard control of the coal mining in fault zone.

Preliminary Response of Soil Fauna to Simulated N Deposition in Three Typical Subtropical Forests

A field-scale experiment arranged in a complete randomized block design with three N addition treatments including a control (no addition of N), a low N (5 g m-2 year-1), and a medium N (10 g m-2 year-1) was performed in each of the three typical forests, a pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) forest (PF), a pine-broadleaf mixed forest (MF) and a mature monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (MEBF), of the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in subtropical China to study the response of soil fauna community to additions of N. Higher NH4+ and NO3- concentrations and a lower soil pH occurred in the medium N treatment of MEBF, whereas the NO3- concentration was the lowest in PF after the additions of N. The response of the density, group abundance and diversity index of soil fauna to addition of N varied with the forest type, and all these variables decreased with increasing N under MEBF but the trend was opposite under PF. The N treatments had no significant effects on these variables under MF. Compared with the control plots, the medium N treatment had significant negative effect on soil fauna under MEBF. The group abundance of soil fauna increased significantly with additions of higher N rates under PF. These results suggested that the response of soil fauna to N deposition varied with the forest type and N deposition rate, and soil N status is one of the important factors affecting the response of soil fauna to N deposition.

Winter Meso-Scale Shear Front in the Yellow Sea and Its Sedimentary Effects

In this paper,the authors explored the presence of shear fronts between the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC) and the monsoon-strengthened Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) in winter and their sedimentary effects within the shear zone based on a fully validated numerical model.This work added the wind force to a tidal model during simulating the winter baroclinic circulation in the Yellow Sea.The results indicate that the YSWC is significantly strengthened by wind-driven compensation due to a northeast monsoon during winter time.When this warm current encounters the North Shandong-South Yellow Sea coastal current,there is a strong reverse shear action between the two current systems,forming a reverse-S-shaped shear front that begins near 34?N in the south and extends to approximately 38?N,with an overall length of over 600 km.The main driving force for the formation of this shear front derives from the circulation system with the reverse flow.In the shear zone,temperature and salinity gradients increase,flow velocities are relatively small and the flow direction on one side of the shear zone is opposite to that on the other side.The vertical circulation structure is complicated,consisting of a series of meso-and small-scale anti-clockwise eddies.Particularly,this shear effect significantly hinders the horizontal exchange of coastal sediments carried by warm currents,resulting in fine sediments deposition due to the weak hydrodynamic regime.

An improving energy efficiency cooperation algorithm based on Nash bargaining solution in selfish user cooperative networks

A bandwidth-exchange cooperation algorithm based on the Nash bargaining solution （NBS） is proposed to encourage the selfish users to participate with more cooperation so as to improve the users＇ energy efficiency. As a result, two key problems, i.e. , when to cooperate and how to cooperate, are solved. For the first problem, a proposed cooperation condition that can decide when to cooperate and guarantee users＇ energy efficiency achieved through cooperation is not lower than that achieved without cooperation. For the second problem, the cooperation bandwidth allocations （CBAs） based on the NBS solve the problem how to cooperate when cooperation takes place. Simulation results show that, as the modulation order of quadrature amplitude modulation （QAM） increases, the cooperation between both users only occurs with a large signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency decreases as the modulation order increases. Despite all this, the proposed algorithm can obviously improve the energy efficiency measured in bits-per-Joule compared with non-cooperation.

Importance of kelp-derived organic carbon to the scallop Chlamys farreri in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

Bivalves and seaweeds are important cleaners that are widely used in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture （IMTA） systems. A beneficial relationship between seaweed and bivalve in the seaweed- based IMTA system has been confirmed, but the trophic importance of seaweed-derived particulate organic materials to the co-cultured bivalve is still unclear. We evaluated the trophic importance of the kelp Saccharinajaponica to the co-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a typical IMTA farm in Sungo Bay （Weihai, North China）. The dynamics of detritus carbon in the water were monitored during the culturing period. The proportion of kelp-derived organic matter in the diet of the co-cultured scallop was assessed via the stable carbon isotope method. Results showed that the detritus carbon in the water ranged from 75.52 to 265.19 ~tg/L, which was 25.6% to 73.8% of total particulate organic carbon （TPOC） during the study period. The amount of detritus carbon and its proportion in the TPOC changed throughout the culture cycle of the kelp. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed that the cultured scallop obtained 14.1% to 42.8% of its tissue carbon from the kelp, and that the percentages were closely correlated with the proportion of detritus carbon in the water （F=0.993, P=0.003）. Evaluation showed that for 17 000 tons （wet weight） of annual scallop production, the kelp contributed about 139.3 tons of carbon （535.8 tons of dry mass）. This confirms that cultured kelp plays a similar trophic role in IMTA systems as it does in a natural kelp bed. It is a major contributor to the detritus pool and supplies a vital food source to filter-feeding scallops in the IMTA system, especially during winter and early spring when phytoplankton are scarce.

Theoretical design and dynamic simulation of new mining paths of tracked miner on deep seafloor

With comprehensive considerations of the operational safety and collection efficiency for the tracked miner collecting the seafloor poly-metallic nodules, two new improved mining paths for the miner on the deep seafloor were proposed. Compared to the conventional mining path, the design principles and superiorities of the two new paths are that the miner turning with relative long radius should avoid large sinkage and high slip, so as to ensure its operational safety, while the space between its straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is optimum, which is designed as the total width of the miner, and collect nodules as more as possible, so as to ensure its collection efficiency. To realize the new mining paths, theoretical designs and quantitative calculations were carried out to determine the exact positions for the speed controls of the miner during its whole operation process. With the new dynamic model of the miner, and through regulations of the speeds of the left and right tracks of the miner on the exact motion positions according to the theoretical calculations, the two new improved mining paths for the miner on the seafloor were successfully simulated, thus the turning radius of the miner in the simulation is about 21.8 m, while the distance between the straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is about 5.2 m. The dynamic simulation results preliminarily prove the feasibility of these two new mining paths, and further can provide important theoretical guidance and useful technical reference for the practical tracked miner operation and control on the seafloor.