黄土丘陵区不同降水量带生物结皮对土壤氮素的影响

黄土丘陵区生物结皮广泛发育,可通过固氮作用影响土壤氮素水平,但该区生物结皮对土壤氮素水平的影响鲜见报道。本文通过野外调查结合采样分析,研究了黄土丘陵区不同降水量带生物结皮组成、覆盖度差异及其对土壤氮素水平的影响。结果表明,1)黄土丘陵区不同降水量带生物结皮覆盖度无显著差异,但组成有差别;2)不同降水量带土壤氮素含量剖面分布具有明显的分层特征,生物结皮显著增加了结皮层土壤氮素含量,对下层土壤影响较小,结皮层下0—2 cm、2—5 cm、5—10 cm土层中氮素含量差异不显著;3)生物结皮层土壤全氮、碱解氮及微生物氮在不同降水量带差异不显著,而0—2 cm、2—5 cm、5—10 cm土壤全氮、碱解氮及土壤微生物氮含量在200～300 mm降水量带小于300～600 mm降水量带。研究结果揭示了黄土丘陵区生物结皮对土壤氮素的贡献,而不同降水量带生物结皮对土壤氮素的贡献差异不显著的原因有待于进一步研究。

织构化Cr-DLC薄膜对高加水量面带黏附性能的影响

研究在食品机械面带压延辊用06Cr19Ni10合金表面制备织构化铬掺杂类金刚石(Cr-DLC)薄膜对高加水量面带黏附性能的影响。在06Cr19Ni10合金试样表面采用皮秒激光加工织构结构,并在优化的织构结构表面采用离子源辅助非平衡磁控溅射方法制备Cr-DLC薄膜;利用三维白光干涉表面形貌仪测试试样表面形貌和表面粗糙度;利用黏附测试平台分析加水量55%的面带在织构化铬掺杂类金刚石(Cr-DLC)薄膜表面的黏附性能;利用滴定法测量试样表面水滴、乙二醇液滴的接触角并分析表面能。结果表明,高含水量的面带在织构结构表面的黏附能力随着织构间距增大和深度增加而降低,间距85μm、深度5μm的试样抗黏附能力最优,与06Cr19Ni10合金基体相比面带的黏附能力降低了39.8%;面带在织构化Cr-DLC薄膜表面的黏附能力为98 J/m2,与06Cr19Ni10合金基体试样相比降低68.3%;面带在接触表面的黏附能力随着表面能色散分量与极性分量差值的增大呈线性递减规律。分析认为,所制备的"碗口"型特征的织构结构、Cr-DLC薄膜均具有降低表面能极性分量,增大色散分量的作用;织构结构和Cr-DLC薄膜的协同作用提高了06Cr19Ni10合金试样表面的抗黏附性能。针对高加水量55%的面带,制备间距85μm、深度5μm的织构化Cr-DLC薄膜具有最佳的抗黏附功能。

合一V116汽包带水量的确定

通过对H113蒸汽过热器的热量衡算,确定了V116汽包的带水量。说明了V116汽包带水相当严重,并建议对V116进行彻底改造或整体更换。

高压汽包V116内件改造后蒸汽带水量的测试研究

通过对转化工序部分参数的测定,计算出高压汽包V116改造后蒸汽的准确含水量,说明改造的效果和所产生的经济价值,以及该技术的推广。

挡水板过水量对确定空调方案的影响

在中央空调系统中,经大型喷水室处理后的空气在通过挡水板后,总有一些悬浮在空气中的小水滴,未能被挡水板挡去(分离出去),这些水滴随着空气进入风道进入空调房间。这种现象本是不应出现的,水滴会使风道锈蚀,也会使风口处的设备锈蚀,减少了风道及设备的寿命,在这些缺点的背后,还带来了其他的影响。

影响文丘里除尘器性能的因素分析研究

分析研究了影响文丘里除尘器性能的因素 ,对多种影响因素与除尘效率、阻力及漏风之间的关系进行了回归分析 ,并推出了文丘里除尘器烟气带水的计算公式 ,为文丘里除尘器的设计。

淮南矿区微细煤泥浮选规律研究

通过煤泥浮选速率试验,结合激光粒度分析,对-45μm微细煤泥浮选规律进行研究。结果表明:-45μm各窄粒级煤泥浮选速率由快到慢依次为-5、15~5、30~15、45~30μm;各窄粒级煤泥回收率与精煤带水量呈线性关系,粒径越小,线性关系越明显,受水流作用越大;运用Excel软件计算不同药剂量下各窄粒级煤泥和水量的浮选速率常数Kw,发现捕收剂对-45μm微细煤泥的浮选速率影响较大,起泡剂对水量回收速率影响较大,-45μm微细煤泥最佳浮选药剂制度为捕收剂400μL,起泡剂24μL。

印制电路板电镀线节水控制研究

文章通过分析我公司印制电路板电镀线溢流、补水方式以及水质特征，通过建立溢流补水模型获取最佳补水方式。并且从减少带水量带出与回用两方面来减少用水。通过技术手段真正实现从源头进行用水控制。

工业企业水平衡测试中易出现的问题及解决方法

滨州市水利局2002年组织开展了工业、农业、生活三大类用水定额编制工作,上半年首先对化工、纺织、电力、造纸四大行业23家生产企业进行了水平衡测试.本文就测试过程中易出现的问题及解决的方法进行探讨.

Effects of Ploughing Astragalus sinicus at Maturity Stage on Rice Yield and Soil Properties of Paddy Field

[Objective] The effects of ploughing Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage as green manure on paddy soil properties were studied to provide references for ad- vancing the green manure production and field sustainable development. [Methods] A three-year field positioning experiment was carried out. In the first year, five differ- ent levels （0, 2.81, 5.61, 8.42, 11.23 t/hm~） of Astragalus sinicus ploughed at matu- rity stage were designed. And in the next two years, the amounts of ploughed As- tragalus sinicus at maturity stage were based on the natural growth amounts of As- tragalus sinicus at maturity stage of the former year in each plot field. The yields of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage were estimated and ploughed directly before rice transplanting. Rice yield, soil nutrients, biological properties and water-stable aggre- gates of paddy fields were measured as well. [Results] The effective panicles and rice yields increased significantly after ploughing Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage. Meanwhile, the organic acid content in paddy field increased and the activities of soil phosphatases, invertase and catalase were higher. The soil dissolved organic carbon also increased with the increasing application of green manure. However, excess amount of green manure inhibited the soil microbial biomass carbon content. The macro aggregates and micro aggregates gathered to middle aggregates. [Conclusion] As green manure, the use of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage could improve soil physiochemical and biological properties, improve soil fertility and increase rice yield significantly. But the ploughing amount of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage before rice transplanting should be less than 8.42 t/hm2 （dry weight.

Investigation on reinforcement-sand-clay layer system using direct-shear test

The property of the contact surface between geosynthetics and soil directly affects the whole structure＇s stability. The interface property is one of the most important indices for the reinforced structure. Systematic direct-shear tests with large direct-shear apparatus are carded out for geobelt reinforced clay under different normal stresses and water content. A reinforcement-sand-clay layer system improving the interface behavior greatly is designed. The stress-strain relationship is investigated on the basis of the experimental results. The results show that with the increase of the normal stress, the shear strength between the clay and the reinforcement increases nonlinearly, and with the increase of the water content, the friction coefficient between the clay and the reinforcement decreases dramatically and the cohesion between the clay and the polypropylene geobelt increases initially, then decreases. There is an optimal value for the water content between the clay and the polypropylene geobelt, which is 2% lower than the optimal water content of clay compaction. This reinforcement-sand-clay layer system improves the shear strength of the interface remarkably. Therefore, the clay-sand-reinforcement layer system is a rather good design for practical use in reinforcement engineering.

IMPACTS OF TWO TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION DURING NORTHWARD PROGRESSION ON THE RAINFALL OF LIAODONG PENINSULA

Both of Typhoon Winnie (9711) and Matsa (0509) underwent an extratropical transition (ET) process when they moved northward after landfall and affected Liaodong Peninsula. However, Matsa produced half as much rainfall as Winnie, although it struck Liaodong Peninsula directly while Winnie passed through the Bohai Sea. The relations between the ET processes and the precipitation over Liaodong Peninsula are examined. The result shows that the precipitation difference between Winnie and Matsa was closely related to the interactions between the westerly systems and typhoons during their ET processes. Winnie was captured by the upper westerly trough and then coupled with it when moving to the mid-latitudes, and the positive anomaly of moist potential vorticity (MPV) was transported downward from the upper troposphere over the remnant circulation of the tropical cyclone (TC). It was favorable to the interaction between tropical warm and wet air and westerly cold air, causing convective cloud clusters to form and develop. The rain belt composed of several meso-β cloud clusters over the Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in heavy rainfall. On the other hand, Matsa did not couple with any upper trough during its ET process and the positive anomaly of MPV in the upper troposphere and its downward transfer were weak. Only one meso-β cloud cluster occurred in Matsa’s rain belt during its ET process that tended to lessen rainfall over Liaodong Peninsula.

Surveying on two-zone height of sublevel strip mining

The site drilling packer permeability test and TEM to the 2100 workface in Gucheng coalmine determined the two-zone height under sublevel strip mining.The conclusion considers that the lying strata deterioration law of the strip mining is similar to that of the sublevel mining.Thus, against that the actually measured data lacked, it is feasible to refer to the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the neighbor coalmine under sublevel situation.However, it is necessary to further launch the research on lying strata deterioration law under sublevel striping mining for the purpose of providing the right foundation for the layout of the workface not mined so far and the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the mining area.

A quasi-synoptic interpretation of water mass distribution and circulation in the western North Pacific:I.Water mass distribution

With high-resolution conductivity-temperature-depth （CTD） observations conducted in Oct.-Nov. 2005, this study provides a detailed quasi-synoptic description of the North Pacific Tropic Water （NPTW）, North Pacific Intermediate Water （NPIW） and Antarctic Intermediate Water （AAIW） in the western North Pacific. Some novel features are found. NPTW enters the western ocean with highest-salinity core off shore at 15°-18°N, and then splits to flow northward and southward along the western boundary. Its salinity decreases and density increases outside the core region. NPIW spreads westward north of 15°N with lowest salinity off shore at 21°N, but mainly hugs the Mindanao coast south of 12°N. It shoals and thins toward the south, with salinity increasing and density decreasing. AAIW extends to higher latitude off shore than that in shore, and it is traced as a salinity minimum to only 10°N at 130°E. Most of the South Pacific waters turn northeastward rather than directly flow northward upon reaching to the Mindanao coast, indicating the eastward shift of the Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）.

哈尔滨地区降雨入渗模式

本文通过野外观测及室内试验，以及钻探取样分析，得出地质地貌条件决定入渗方式，将哈尔滨地区分为三个降雨入渗方式区，不同的降雨入渗区，决定了不同的入渗系数区，为准确地评价地下水资源提供了充分的证据。

Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation to Atmospheric Moisture Content: Case Study of Bilis (2006)

In this article, the authors used the Weather Research and Forecast model to investigate the sensitivity of tropical cyclone Bilis' total precipitation to ambient water vapor content. The tropical cyclone precipitation decreased dramatically with the reduction of the ambient water vapor content in the atmosphere. The decrease of precipitation can be explained by two mechanisms. First, as the major source of precipitation, moisture conver-gence decreases accordingly with the moisture content. Second, the tropical cyclone (TC) size reduction due to the moisture decrease influences the precipitation area. Both mechanisms were observed in this study.

Pseudo-invariant Eigen-operator for Deriving Energy-Level Gap for Jaynes-Cummings Model

We extend the concept of invariant eigen-operator to pseudo-invariant eigen-operator case through analyzing the standard Jaynes-Cummings model. We find the pseudo-invariant eigen-operator in terms of supersymmetric generators of this model, which diretly leads to the energy-level gap for Jaynes Cummings Hamiltonian.

Rice Yield and Yield Components as Influenced by Phosphorus and Nitrogen Application Rates in the Moist Savanna of West Africa

A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of nitrogen （0, 30, 60, and 120 kg N ha^-1） and phosphorus （0, 30, and 60 kg P2O5 ha^-1） application on grain yield and yield components of five New Rice for Africa （NERICA） cultivars, their parents, and a check on a degraded soil in the moist savanna of Nigeria. Nerica 14 recorded the highest grain yield of 1.3 mg halcompared to the other NERICA cultivars. It also produced significantly （P 〈 0.05） longer panicles （19.24 cm）, higher sink capacity as determined by thousand-kernel weight （30.3 g）, and a higher potential for partitioning photosynthates （45.15%） into grains than the other cultivars. N × P interaction effect on grain yield was significant （P 〈 0.05） with moderate P （60 kg P2O5 ha^1） and moderate N （60 kg N ha^-1） resulting in optimum grain yield （1.7 mg ha^-1）. Thus, moderate N and P were recommended for the production of NERICA varieties in low-input smallholder upland rice production systems of the moist savanna of Nigeria.

Thermohaline finestructure observed near the northern Philippine coast

Using hydrographic measurements from three recent surveys in the western tropical Pacific, this study revealed the existence and general features of thermohaline finestructure near the northem Philippine coast. Pronounced finestructttres were detected in the layers of the North Pacific Tropical Water （NPTW） and the North Pacific Intermediate Water （NPIW） during all three cruises and shown to be mainly thermohaline intrusions. Characteristics of the intrusions were further investigated with spiciness curvature and salinity anomaly methods. The vertical scale of the intrusions was 20-50 m and 50-100 m in the NPTW and NPIW layers, respectively. Within the NPTW layer, the Turner angle distribution and correlation between salinity and density anomalies suggested that diffusive convection between surface fresh water and subsurface saline water played an important role in the development and maintenance of the intrusions. In addition, connection between thermohaline finestructure and larger-scale oceanic processes was explored using historical hydrographic data. The results reveal that the salinity field and the distribution of the intrusions in this region were largely determined by mesoscale eddies. As a result of eddy stirring, both isopycnal and diapycnal temperature/salinity gradients were strengthened, which gave rise to the development of thermohaline intrusions. The intrusions acted to enhance heat and salt fluxes and resulted in the mixing of water masses being more efficient. By linking mesoscale eddy stirring to micro-scale diffusion, thermohaline finestructure plays a vital role in the ocean energy cascade and water mass conversion in the northern Philippine Sea.

Contribution of Promiscuous Soybean （Glycine max L.） to Upland Rice-based Cropping Systems in West Africa

A two-year on-farm study was carried out at Eglime in the moist savanna （MS） and Ouake in the dry savanna （DS） of Benin to evaluate the contribution of inoculation of dual-purpose soybean varieties to grain yield of upland NERICA rice fertilized with low N level. In 2005, four dual-purpose, promiscuous soybean varieties （cv. TGx1440-IE; TG×1448-2E; TG×1019-2EB; and TG×1844-18E）, and a popular improved variety （cv. Jupiter） were sown in 12 farmer fields with and without Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. There was also land which was left fallow that acted as the control. In 2006, upland interspecific rice （NERICA 1） was sown in all the plots and supplied with 15 kg N haL. Dry matter yield, N accumulation, and net N-balance were significantly enhanced by over 40% with inoculation of cv. TG× 1844-18E than non-inoculation in the DS in comparison to other cultivars. There were no significant effects of inoculation of previous soybean cultivars on soybean grain yield and on the succeeding NERICA rice yield. Averaged over inoculation, previous cv. TG× 1019-2EB plots supplied with only 15 kg N hal gave the highest grain yield, more than twice the yield of control plots in the DS, possibly because of significant production of higher tillers, panicles and harvest index than the other cultivars; and it could be recommended for upland rice-based system for NERICA production.