Multi-dimensional frailty and its risk factors among older residents in long-term care facilities in Shanghai,China

Objectives:The integrated model of frailty shifted the physiologically-dominated view to an integrated and multidisciplinary view of frailty and adopted an integrated and holistic approach to the complex challenges facing frail older adults and their caregivers.There is an urgent need for researchers to identify multi-faceted frailty among older adults and to explore contributors to it.We assessed the level of frailty among older residents in long-term care(LTC)facilities in Shanghai,China and explored risk factors of multiple dimensions of frailty among older residents.Methods:It is a cross-sectional descriptive study.We interviewed 218 older residents from nine LTC facilities.We used Tilburg Frailty Indicator to assess older residents’physiological,psychological,and social frailty.The Geriatric Depression Scale,Mini-Mental state examination,Athens Insomnia Scale,and Activity of Daily Living(ADL)Scale were used to assess their depressive symptoms,cognitive function,sleep quality and ADL abilities,respectively.Results:Older residents have a moderate level of frailty in physiological,psychological and social domains.There is a high correlation among dimensions of frailty.Older residents’depressive symptoms have remained positively associated with their overall and each domain of frailty.Older residents’actual activity participation and exercise in LTC facilities are negatively associated with older residents’overall,physiological and social frailty.Conclusions:Frailty is a multi-dimensional concept and is prevalent among older residents in LTC facilities.It is important to take an integrated view on frailty and carry out appropriate and comprehensive interventions to prevent adverse outcomes and provide holistic care for frail older residents in LTC facilities.There is an urgent need to improve the quality and expand the number of activities offered within LTC facilities that would engage older residents in a person-centered way,despite their age,ADL abilities,frailty and functional limitations.

Hierarchical Linear Model Approach to the Determinants of Activities of Daily Living of Chinese Oldest Old at Both Individual and Regional levels

Based on the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey conducted in 2002, this paper uses hierarchical linear model (HLM) to make an approach to the possible determinants of activities of daily living (ADL) of Chinese oldest old (aged 80 and above) by combining both individual and provincial level factors. The descriptive analysis shows that there is a great differ- ential in ADL by province among Chinese oldest old. The findings turn out that there does exist a significant differential in ADL between oldest old and young old, and that there is also a great differential in ADL by province among Chinese oldest old. The HLM demonstrates that comorbidity, age, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, and emotion could be the most important indi- vidual factors while natural environment, medical facilities, type of staple food and poverty rate in urban areas are the most sig- nificantly regional determinants of ADL of oldest old. The find- ings imply that future actions should not only be taken at individ- ual level, but also at regional level in order to achieve the goal of a healthy aging society in China.

跑步对情绪调节机制的探讨

情绪调节对于人类的身心健康至关重要。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,跑步作为一种有氧运动,对情绪调节具有显著的积极影响。该文旨在通过综述现有的相关研究成果,探讨跑步对情绪调节机制的影响及其潜在的神经生物学基础。首先,将回顾跑步对情绪调节的直接效应。其次,将探讨跑步对情绪调节的中介效应,包括身体活动、社会交流和自我效能感等因素的影响。最后,将讨论跑步对情绪调节的神经生物学基础,包括调节神经递质释放,神经可塑性改变,调节神经内分泌系统。通过对跑步对情绪调节机制的深入探讨,可以更好地理解跑步对情绪健康的积极影响,并提供相关的指导和建议。

新时代中国社会倡导机制研究——以“阿里正能量”公益项目为例

在中国公益事业的发展历程中,政府与公益精英占据主导与支配权,公众在其中只是服从与被迫参与的角色,这种发展模式造成了公益事业发展缓慢,公众参与公益实践程度低的问题,从而严重阻碍了我国公益事业的发展。基于此,本研究以"阿里正能量"项目为例,探讨有效的公益实践模式。研究发现,"阿里正能量"项目在唤醒公众善念、激发公众行善、助推公益发展方面发挥着积极的作用,且有助于形成一种由点到面、由个体到社会、由微观到宏观的科学倡导方式,进而在全社会生成一种日常化的公益实践文化与"常人生活"公益范式,这对于推动我国公益事业的发展具有积极意义。

Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly： a clinical trial

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.Methods：Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group,40 cases in each group.The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） training,while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.Prior to and after 6-month intervention,the bone mineral density （BMD） of the proximal femur,visual analog scale （VAS） and activities of daily living （ADL） were estimated.Results：There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur,and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention （P〉0.05）.After 6-month intervention,the above items all improved significantly in both groups （both P〈0.01）;the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group （P〈0.01）,while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant （P〉0.05）.Conclusion：Practice of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis,and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL,with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.