Recent developments in immunotherapy approaches for allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR.This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR,encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies,elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications.By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR,this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies.The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications.A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,intralymphatic immunotherapy,and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy.Each pathway is systematically elucidated,with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized.In conclusion,synthesizing epidemiological insights,immunotherapeutic nuances,and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

[Objectives]To explore a new method for induction of allergic rhinitis in mice,and compare and evaluate it with common modeling methods.[Methods]36 mice were randomly divided into the control group,blank group and experimental group,and there were 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were conventionally induced.That is,the mice were first injected intraperitoneally with the mixture composed of OVA 50μg,[Al(OH)3]5 mg and 1ml of normal saline once every other day,and then since the 15 th d,20μL of 5%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 7 d.The blank group was treated with the same amount of normal saline according to the control group,and received intraperitoneal injection and bilateral nasal drip respectively.In the experimental group,mice were first given intraperitoneal injection of the mixture composed of ovalbumin(OVA)75μg,aluminum hydroxide gel[Al(OH)3]8 mg and normal saline 1.5 mL for basic sensitization.On the 26 th d,20μL of 3%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 10 d.The number of sneezes,the number of nose scratching,the amount of nasal discharge,and the activity of mice in each group were observed,and the behavior of allergic reaction was scored.Meanwhile,the number of eosinophils in the nasal discharge of mice and the IgE content in serum were measured.[Results]The score of nasal stimulation symptoms,the number of eosinophils and serum IgE level of mice in the control group and the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the three indicators(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The modeling method was more suitable for the development of allergic rhinitis patients condition,and reduced the probability of death of mice due to modeling,and simplified the experimental operation.

Overview of Research on the Clinical Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Three kinds of treatment for allergic rhinitis(Western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine and their combination)were described respectively,and the different treatment methods of AR and their characteristics were analyzed.This study will help to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and promote the early recovery of patients.

基于倾向评分回归调整探讨艾灸治疗常年变应性鼻炎灸感与灸效的前瞻性队列研究

目的:采用倾向评分回归调整(PSRA)均衡基线资料,比较艾灸同一穴位(上印堂)不同灸感(热敏灸态vs静息态)治疗常年变应性鼻炎(PAR)灸效差异。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究设计,纳入106例合格受试者,用艾条悬灸上印堂激发灸感,根据热敏灸感的有无,自然分组为热敏灸组(n=69)和传统灸组(n=37)。两组均在上印堂施灸,每次时间为30min,每天1次,连续四周,共计24次。结局指标为变异性鼻炎症状量表(TNSS)、伴随症状量表(TNNSS)以及生存质量调查问卷(RQLQ)。结果:使用PSM进行1:1配对,匹配容差0.02,成功匹配25对,共50例患者。两组患者基线资料均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。匹配后,治疗后热敏态组TNSS评分为4.01±1.52,低于静态组的5.42±1.10,有统计学意义(P<0.01);热敏态组TNNSS评分为1.26±0.43,低于静态组的1.52±0.50,有统计学意义(P<0.01);热敏态组RQLQ评分为37.62±6.01,低于静态组的47.22±7.76,有统计学意义(P<0.01);说明热敏灸组在改善PAR患者症状、体征和生活质量方面均有疗效优势。将倾向性评分匹配前单因素分析具有差异的结果纳入进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,是否用药、病程为艾灸疗效的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:艾灸热敏态穴位治疗PAR的临床疗效优于静息态组。

三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴治疗儿童肺气虚寒型常年性变应性鼻炎临床研究

目的探讨三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴治疗儿童肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法选择选取2021年1月至2022年12月就诊的90例肺气虚寒型儿童变应性鼻炎患者,随机分为敷贴组、药物组和安慰组,每组30例。比较三组治疗前后的鼻部症状评分、鼻腔体征评分及总有效率。结果敷贴组鼻部症状、鼻腔体征评分均下降,且优于药物组及安慰组(P<0.05),敷贴组中医疗效总有效率显著高于药物组和安慰组(P<0.05)。结论三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴可显著改善儿童肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎症状,提高临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。

Myricetin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating Th1/Th2 balance

Objective:To evaluate the effect of myricetin on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Methods:Mice were sensitized and challenged using OVA(5%,500 mL)intraperitoneally and intranasally,respectively,on an alternative day for 14 days,followed by administration of myricetin(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)till day 21.Nasal symptoms,biochemical parameters,protein expressions,and histopathology were observed.Results:OVA-induced increased nasal symptoms including rubbing,sneezing,and discharge were significantly reduced by myricetin(100and 200 mg/kg)(P<0.05).Myricetin also protected against histamine challenge and attenuated elevated serum immunoglobulin E(IgE;total and OVA-specific),total IgG1,andβ-hexosaminidase levels,as well as leukotriene C4 and interleukins levels in nasal lavage fluid(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that myricetin significantly upregulated the protein expression of T-box expressed in T cells,while downregulating the protein expression of GATA binding protein 3,NF-κB,and IκB-α(P<0.05).Additionally,OVA-induced histopathological abberations in the nasal mucosa was markedly ameliorated by myricetin treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions:Myricetin exerts anti-allergic effects against OVAinduced allergic rhinitis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Advances on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common and high incidence disease in clinic, which has a certain impact on the work, life and social activities of patients. Modern medicine still lacks effective treatment methods for such diseases. In recent years, clinical cases of children and adolescents have also increased year by year. Objective: In order to provide references for further study and practical treatment on allergic rhinitis, this paper summarized the advances on the treatment of allergic rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Method (TCM) and Western Medicine Method (WMM) in clinical practice and study. Method: Through detailed review and study of literatures, the theory and clinical experiences in TCM, WMM, and integrated treatment of the two were analyzed and summarized. Conclusions: TCM conducts personalized treatment for patients by syndrome differentiation. The main means are to regulate the body’s health Qi and Yang Qi. Drugs, acupuncture, psychology and other means of treatment are all used and the effects of treatment are very well. WMM mainly relieves the infiltration of local inflammatory cells, expands local capillaries, improves nasal permeability and alleviates the occurrence of allergic graduation by using kinds of drugs or surgery. Though both TCM and WMM are effective and have some common characteristics and each has its own characteristics, the combination of TCM and WMM has a good prospect and is more effective and can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, because TCM is to change patients’ own constitution and the starting point of WMM is to eliminate the pathogen.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in middle school students from Haikou,China

Objective:To identify the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select the middle school students(aged 12-18)from 8 ordinary or vocational middle schools in Xiuying District,Longhua District,Meilan District and Qiongshan District of Haikou as the survey subjects.The self-made questionnaire was used to conduct the survey from April to May in 2022.Results:A total of 2169 valid questionnaires were collected,the effective rate was 86.6%(2169/2479),814(37.5%)male students and 1355(62.5%)female students.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis reported by middle school students in Haikou was 39.8%(863/2169),including 599 cases of intermittent allergic rhinitis(69.4%)and 264 cases of persistent allergic rhinitis(30.6%).The January,February,November and December were the periods of high incidence of symptoms each year.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that:using antibiotics 5 times a year[OR=2.07,95%CI(1.24-3.45),P=0.005],using antibiotics 3-4 times a year[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.23-2.55),P=0.002],family history of allergic rhinitis[OR=3.84,95%CI(2.67-5.54),P<0.001],history of sinusitis[OR=7.77,95%CI(3.22-18.76),P<0.001],damp living environment[OR=2.87,95%CI(2.00-4.13),P<0.001],history of asthma[OR=8.69,95%CI(1.93-39.12),P=0.005],urban residents[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.35-2.09),P<0.001],frequent exposure to dust[OR=1.59,95%CI(1.20-2.12),P=0.001],male[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.10-1.66),P=0.005],furry pet[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10-1.75),P=0.006],daily sleep time<8 hours[OR=1.30,95%CI(1.07-1.58),P=0.009]were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou was higher than reported in most areas of China.Male,urban residents,antibiotic use,sleeping less than 8 hours a day,feeding furry pets,living in humid environment,frequent exposure to dust,family history of allergic rhinitis,history of sinusitis and history of asthma were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Family history of allergic rhinitis,sinusitis and asthma were the most significant factors.

Konjac-mulberry leaf compound powder alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice

According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.

常年型变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲应用鼻内镜手术治疗的效果分析

目的分析常年型变应性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis,AR)伴鼻中隔偏曲应用鼻内镜手术治疗的效果。方法方便选取2021年1月-2023年10月三明市第一医院收治的108例伴鼻中隔偏曲的AR患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分组,对照组54例行鼻中隔矫正术治疗,研究组54例联合鼻内镜下鼻中隔黏膜下切除术治疗,对比两组鼻部症状评分、气道反应性、并发症情况及生活质量。结果研究组各项鼻部症状评分、气道反应性指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组行为问题、鼻部症状、睡眠障碍、眼部症状及其他症状评分较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组和对照组的并发症总发生率分别为9.26%和5.56%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.540,P>0.05)。结论常年型AR伴鼻中隔偏曲应用鼻内镜手术治疗,有利于改善鼻部症状,提高患者生活质量,改善气道反应性,且并发症少。

三伏贴治疗儿童常年性变应性鼻炎长期随访研究思路探讨

目的严谨科学地设计三伏贴治疗儿童常年性变应性鼻炎(PAR)为长期随访临床研究方案。方法结合儿童PAR疾病特点,在循证医学视野下,从样本含量、随机分配方法、对照研究、干预措施、结局指标及疗效评价等方面综合阐述三伏贴疗法治疗儿童PAR的临床试验设计思路与实施方案。结果延长三伏贴治疗儿童PAR的随访时间,有助于评估三伏贴疗法的远期疗效。结论通过平行随机对照研究方法,设计试验方案,是评价三伏贴干预儿童PAR远期疗效的重要基础。

Efficacy and anti-inflammatory analysis of glucocorticoid,antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.

Study on the mechanism of Fuzi in the treatment of allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

Objective:To study the key target genes and signaling pathways in the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis(AR)with Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata(aka Fuzi).Methods:The TCMPS and PubChem databases were used to screen the active ingredients and target genes of Fuzi using oral bioavailability and drug similarity as screening conditions,and the GeneCards database was used to screen the target genes of AR.The online tool Venny2.1 was used to screen the target genes of Fuzi for the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis;the STRING database was used to obtain the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of drug-disease targets,and the key target genes were identified by the MCC algorithm.The potential biological processes and signaling pathways were identified by GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis.Finally,animal experiments were conducted to demonstrate the therapeutic effect ofFuzi on Allergic Rhinitis.Results:The TCMSP,PubChem and GeneCards databases were used to screen the 21 active compound components of Fuzi and 68 potential therapeutic target genes of Fuzi for Allergic Rhinitis.PPI network analysis identified the top ten key target genes,namely:PTGS2,TNF,IL6,AKT1,ALB,STAT3,CCL2,CXCL8,VEGFA and JUN,GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the significantly enriched functions and pathways of Fuzi on Allergic Rhinitis were closely related to Allergic Rhinitis.Finally,animal experiments were conducted to verify that Fuzi is effective in the treatment of Allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:Increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin nasal mucosal tissues of patients with Allergic Rhinitis was positively correlated with indicators related to the disease activity of AllergicRhinitis.Fuzi ameliorated the inflammatory changes in mice with Allergic Rhinitis by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like signaling pathway in the nasal mucosa and decreasing the expression activity of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma Impacts on Tympanometric Parameters in Children at Kano, Nigeria

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 15.4% of the participants with bronchial asthma and 29.6% of allergic rhinitis participants. Type B tympanogram was found in 2.8% of bronchial asthma participants and 7.3% in participants with allergic rhinitis. Type C tympanogram was found in 4.6% of participants with bronchial asthma and 15.5% of participants with allergic rhinitis. Type A tympanogram was found in 90% of participants with bronchial asthma and 75% of participants with allergic rhinitis. The difference between type A, B and C tympanograms of participants with bronchial asthma and those with allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ2 = 14.62, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type B χ2 = 14.06, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type C χ2 = 17.01, df = 6, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: Participants with allergic rhinitis were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters compared to participants with bronchial asthma which signifies allergic rhinitis conferred an increased risk of having middle ear diseases and otitis media with effusion compared to bronchial asthma.

Effect of acupuncture on acupoint "Yingxiang-Hegu" on Th1, Th2 cytokines and T-bet/GATA-3 of allergic rhinitis rats

Objective:To explore the effect of"Yingxiang-Hegu"on Th1,Th2-related cytokines and[2]transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into three groups:blank group,model group and acupoint group.The rat model of ovalbumin(OVA)AR was established,and the general condition of the rats was observed and scored.Acupuncture intervention was performed on the acupoint group on the second day after successful modeling,once per day for 20 min for 10 d.After intervention,the general behavior,behavioral score and histomorphological changes of nasal mucosa were observed.Eosinophils(EOS)were counted under microscope after nasal lavage smear staining,and the contents of total IgE,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-4 and IL-5 in serum were detected by ELISA.Westernblot and IHC were used to detect the protein level and positive protein expression of specific transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rat nasal mucosa.Results:After the establishment of the model,except for the blank group,the behavioral observation scores of rats in the model group and acupoint group were more than 5 points,indicating that the model was successful.After acupuncture intervention on acupoint"Yingxiang-Hegu",the behavioral score of rats in the acupoint group and western medicine group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).Microscopic examination showed that the structure of nasal mucosa in the model group was obviously damaged,cilia were arranged discontinuously,uneven,local congestion and swelling,a large number of epithelial cells exfoliated and necrotic,goblet cell proliferation,obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.The pathological degree of nasal mucosa in the pair point group was significantly less than that in the model group.Compared with the model group,the levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 in serum were significantly increased,while IgE,IL-4,IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly decreased,GATA-3 protein and positive expression in nasal mucosa were significantly decreased and T-bet was significantly increased after acupuncture.Conclusion:Acupuncture at"Yingxiang-Hegu"can effectively improve the nasal sensitive symptoms and control nasal inflammation in AR rats.The mechanism may be that acupuncture at Yingxiang-Hegu can up-regulate the expression of T-bet,decrease the level of GATA-3,promote the production of Th1 cytokines and inhibit the synthesis and secretion of Th2 cells,thus restoring the immune balance of Th1 and Th2.

鼻内窥镜引导下针刺鼻丘穴治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的观察鼻内窥镜引导下针刺鼻丘穴治疗常年性变应性鼻炎(perennial allergic rhinitis,PAR)的临床疗效。方法选取2020年4月—2021年9月在中国中医科学院西苑医院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的PAR患者112例,用随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组。观察组进行鼻内窥镜引导下针刺鼻丘穴治疗,每周2次;对照组采取丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷剂治疗,2次/d,2喷/次。均治疗3周。对比2组疗效,治疗前后鼻炎主要症状评分(TNSS)、鼻腔体征评分、鼻结膜炎生活质量状况调查问卷(RQLQ)评分,记录起效率、起效时间、治疗期间不良反应。结果治疗后观察组总有效率90.91%,对照组为82.69%,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组TNSS、鼻腔体征、RQLQ评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕评分及各项RQLQ评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组间鼻塞与鼻腔体征评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组起效时间(40.44±89.08)min、对照组为(50.17±97.02)min,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗过程中,观察组有7例鼻腔局部少量出血,未予特殊处理,自行止血;对照组有2例局部喷药后出现头痛症状退出临床试验,医生根据其症状给予其他药物治疗。结论鼻内窥镜引导下针刺鼻丘穴可明显缓解PAR患者的临床症状,提高患者生活质量。

成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎的过敏原分布情况及影响因素

目的探究成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎的过敏原分布情况及影响因素。方法研究选择清华大学医院2020年1月至2022年12月接受过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测的542例患者作为研究对象,分析患者过敏原分布情况,并对影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果从过敏原分布看,吸入性过敏原384例,阳性率89.10%,高于食入性过敏原的22.97%(χ^(2)=7.73,P<0.05)。其中,尘螨的阳性率最高,阳性率为51.28%,其次是猫毛,为19.49%。在单因素分析中,性别、年龄、既往过敏史、BMI、饮食习惯、居住环境及父母过敏史是常年性过敏性鼻炎的影响因素(P<0.05)。在Logistic回归分析中,男性、年龄≤25岁、有既往过敏史、BMI>28.0 kg/m^(2)、饮食习惯欠佳、居住环境不佳及父母有过敏史是常年性过敏性鼻炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎以男性为主,吸入性过敏原的阳性率更高,年龄≤25岁、有既往病史、居住环境不佳等均是危险因素,应做好相关防治工作,降低常年性过敏性鼻炎的发病率。

珠三角赤红壤常年菜地土壤肥力质量评价

赤红壤是广东省地带性土壤,研究位于该地带性土壤的菜地肥力变化特征,以客观评价耕作施肥管理的科学性,助力耕地质量保护与提升。在广东省珠三角地区广州市、江门市、肇庆市、惠州市惠阳区选取了89个蔬菜常年种植菜地,测定了耕层(0~20 cm)土壤理化指标,利用第二次全国土壤普查养分分级标准和内梅罗综合指数法分析评价土壤肥力状况。珠三角赤红壤常年菜地土壤质地以壤土、砂质壤土、粉壤土为主,分别占比46.1%、23.6%和19.1%;pH 5.83,呈微酸性;有机质含量23.83 g·kg-1,为中等水平;阳离子交换量8.67 cmol(+)·kg-1,为中等偏下水平;全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)含量分别为1.19、1.47、12.53 g·kg-1,其中全氮和全磷含量均属中等水平,全钾含量为中等偏下水平;有效态养分中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别为135.24、120.24、222.48 mg·kg-1,属于丰富(碱解氮和速效钾)和极丰富水平(有效磷)。内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,珠三角赤红壤常年菜地土壤综合肥力指数为1.69,属良好等级。相比第二次全国土壤普查广东省赤红壤普查结果,土壤全钾含量不同程度降低,pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量均不同程度提高,增幅分别为16.6%、23.5%、38.4%和62.5%;阳离子交换量、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量大幅增加,增幅分别达1.29、6.00、65.80和3.07倍,其中土壤有效磷累积较为普遍。全氮和全磷的年均累积量分别为8.46、32.31 mg·kg-1,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾年均累积量分别为1.20、3.04、4.30 mg·kg-1。总体上,经过近40年耕种,珠三角赤红壤常年菜地肥力水平不同程度改善,土壤pH由酸性改善为微酸性,阳离子交换性能、有机质、全氮含量提升1个等级,碱解氮和有效钾含量提升2个等级,全磷和有效磷含量分别提升3和5个等级。各肥力指标总体上由原来的极度缺乏至中等偏下状态改善为目前的中等偏下至极丰富水平,总体肥力状况良好。在实施蔬菜有机无机肥配施技术基础上,合理施用氮、钾肥,降低磷肥投入量,可以进一步提升珠三角赤红壤区菜地地力水平,维持土壤资源的可持续利用。

培土生金法联合西药治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的临床效果分析

目的:分析培土生金法联合西药应用于常年性变应性鼻炎(PAR)患者中的效果。方法:选取2023年4—10月平远县中医医院收治的PAR患者80例作为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予培土生金法治疗。比较两组临床有效率、鼻结膜炎生命质量调查问卷(RQLQ)评分、鼻症状总积分(TNSS)、免疫指标。结果:观察组临床有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034);治疗后,两组RQLQ、TNSS评分均低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组CD8+^(+)低于治疗前,CD4+^(+)、CD3+^(+)高于治疗前,观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在西药治疗基础上采用培土生金法治疗PAR,可以改善患者的免疫功能,提高其治疗有效率、生活质量,减轻鼻症状。

常年回水区分汊河段演变主控因素分析

自蓄水以来,三峡水库淤积主要发生在常年回水区,分汊河段出现主支汊易位,库区通航能力受到直接影响。以往研究多集中在变动回水区,对常年回水区分汊河段演变研究较少。文中以皇华城分汊河段为代表,将分流比作为分汊河段演变判别指标,通过采用数值计算方法,探讨蓄水与不蓄水条件下库水位、流量、弯道环流及河床高程对分流比影响,得出此河段演变的主控因素。分析表明:水位与局部河床高程为此汊道演变的主要因素,主控因素为水位;通过抬高洲头或洲尾区域的河床高程可明显增大左汊分流量,为左汊冲刷提供可能。