嘉庆时期四川总督常明禁教探析

从明末清初欧洲传教士入华肇始,经顺治、康熙和乾隆三朝至嘉庆,清政府对天主教传播的禁止逐步严厉。其中,尤以嘉庆朝的天主教政策,将"礼仪之争"后形成的禁教推向了极致。因此,本文在梳理相关档案文献的基础上,对四川总督常明查禁天主教这一事件进行探析,以解读嘉庆时期对天主教全方位的禁教措施,进而从侧面了解清代中叶天主教在华的生存和传播状况。

玫花春雨

我爱花,就像爱那群天真可爱的孩子. 那是个雨天,一个女孩拿着一朵花走到我的面前:"老师,好看吗?"那是朵玫瑰花.花虽不大,但一身的洁白无瑕,散发着淡淡的清香."好看."我说.于是那朵花就留在了我的办公桌上,于是孩子们知道了我喜欢花.

Understanding advertisements from the perspective of relevance theory

This paper approaches advertisements on the basis of relevant theory. It elaborates how the advertiser as addresser in communication succeed in conveying his intention for publicity and how the recipient as addressee takes advantage of different types of relevant devices in reasoning out the communicative purposes from four different angles, namely, non-stereotypical interpretation of advertisements, psychological requirements of the recipient as addressee in advertisements, advertisements as explicit information and the situational approach to implicit meanings of advertisements. It aims at providing guidance for advertisement planning and translation by means of the exposure of rules underlying advertisements.

工程机械构件非线性振动的数值仿真及实验研究

利用等效线性化的方法分析了工程机械结构的间隙非线性振动问题。计算模型采用工程机械中常见的带间隙和初载偏移的非线性系统，给出了这类系统的等效刚度和幅频特性。

Regional metallogenic structure based on aeromagnetic data in northern Chile

Chile is a very important country that forms part of the Andean metallogenic belts. The Atacama and Domeyko fault systems in northern Chile control the tectonic- magmatic activities that migrate eastward and the types of mineral resources. In this paper, we processed and interpreted aeromagnetic data from northern Chile using reduction to pole, upward field continuation, the second derivative calculation in the vertical direction, inclination angle calculation, and analytical signal amplitude analysis. We revealed the locations and planar distribution characteristics of the regional deep faults along the NNE and NS directions. Furthermore, we observed that the major reasons for the formation of the tectonic-magmatic rocks belts were the nearly parallel deep faults distributed from west to east and multiple magmatic activities along these faults. We ascertained the locations of volcanic mechanisms and the relationships between them using these regional deep faults. We deduced the spatial distributions of the basic-intermediate, basic, and acidic igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, and sedimentary sequences. We showed the linear positive magnetic anomalies and magnetic anomaly gradient zones by slowly varying the background, negative magnetic anomaly field, which indicated the presence of strong magmatic activities in these regional deep faults; it also revealed the favorable areas of copper and polymetallic mineralization. This study provides some basic information for further research on the geology, structural characteristics, and mineral resource prospecting in northern Chile.

Optimal constant in an L^2 extension problem and a proof of a conjecture of Ohsawa

In this paper,we solve the optimal constant problem in the setting of Ohsawa’s generalized L2extension theorem.As applications,we prove a conjecture of Ohsawa and the extended Suita conjecture,we also establish some relations between Bergman kernel and logarithmic capacity on compact and open Riemann surfaces.

Experimental investigation on propagating characteristics of sinusoidal unsteady flow in open-channel with smooth bed

A high accuracy experimental system has been established for unsteady open-channel flow.Then 40 experiments were conducted to study the propagating characteristics of unsteady open-channel flow.From the experimental data,the variation law of propagating velocity,wave deformation rate,flow depth of wave peak and bottom,and other parameters were obtained.The experimental results show the followings.1) The propagating velocity of unsteady open-channel flows can be expressed by the sum of flow velocity and micro-amplitude wave velocity at wave peak.2) The waveform of an unsteady flow would deform when it propagates,with the rising stage becoming longer and the falling stage shorter;the deformation rate is a function of distance,period and relative amplitude of discharge.3) The flow depths of wave peak and bottom have a close relationship with the period of the unsteady flow.When the period is short,water depths of wave peak and bottom are both close to those of the average discharge in the condition of uniform flow.For a long period unsteady flow,the water depth of wave peak is close to that of the maximal discharge in the condition of uniform flow,while at the flow wave bottom,it is close to the depth of the minimum discharge in an uniform flow.4) Propagating characteristic of discharge is analogous to that of flow depth for unsteady flow.

An Analysis of Japan＇s Interpretation of History over the Seven Postwar Decades

During the seven decades since the war ended, Japan has undergone ＂changes of direction＂ involving group expressions of regret, accompanied by the intellectual ＂soul- searching＂ of quite a few academics. Ultimately, however, the country has been unable to complete the ＂transformation＂ of its political values. Its consciousness of superiority, dating back to the Meiji era, and its dream of being restored to the status of a ＂normal country＂ have distorted Japan＇s idea of the war and its interpretation of history. As a result, at the critical postwar moment when Japan most needed to develop a truthful view of its history, its national will expressed itself in the rejection of this possibility. Japan has manufactured Sino-Japanese friction and manipulated the United States, on the pretext of a supposed ＂China threat＂ into relaxing the constraints upon Japan, and has attempted to abandon the thought and deeds of the postwar international order. Not only has this repeatedly subverted the standards by which the intemational ＂left＂ and ＂right＂ assess Japan; it has also once again placed the Asia-Pacific region in a precarious position.

Negative refraction with absorption suppressed by electromagnetically induced transparency in a left-handed atomic system

This paper intends to realize negative refraction with absorption suppressed by the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a dense four-level atomic system.Without the two equal transition frequencies responding to the probe field,the atomic system displays a negative refraction with the simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability (left-handedness).The response of the probe field is amplified and propagates transparency in some frequency extents.Therefore,our aim for searching the low-loss negative refraction can be achieved in the scheme,given the main applied limitation of the negative refractive materials is the large amount of dissipation and absorption.However,an excessive signal field intensity would increase the absorption near the resonance in our scheme.