Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China. Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize crop production with re...Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China. Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize crop production with reduced nutrient inputs. Conventional fertilization （CF）, reduced fertilization （RF）, and reduced fertilization with maize （Zea mays L.） as a summer catch crop （RF＋C） treatments were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 by quantifying tomato （Lycopersieon esculentum） fruit yield and soil nutrient balance in a greenhouse tomato double-cropping system. Fertilizer nitrogen （N） application was reduced by 37% in the RF and RF＋C treatments compared to the CF treatment with no significant reduction in fruit yield. Mean soil mineral N （Nmin） content to a depth of 180 cm following tomato and maize harvest was lower in the RF and RF＋C treatments than in the CF treatment. Residual soil Nmin content was reduced by 21% and 55% in the RF and RF＋C treatments, respectively, compared to the CF treatment. Surplus phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the RFWC treatment were significantly lower than those in the RF treatment, mainly due to additional P and K uptake by the catch crop. We concluded that for intensive greenhouse production systems, the RF and RF＋C treatments could maintain tomato fruit yield, reduce the potential for nitrate （NO3^--N） leaching, and with a catch crop, provide additional benefits through increased biomass production.展开更多
To evaluate the use of organic amendments as an alternative to conventional fertilization,a 10-year experiment on a loam soil was conducted under a crop rotation system in both greenhouse and outdoor plots applied wit...To evaluate the use of organic amendments as an alternative to conventional fertilization,a 10-year experiment on a loam soil was conducted under a crop rotation system in both greenhouse and outdoor plots applied with chemical fertilizers (NPK) and vegetal compost (organic fertilizer) in the Guadalquivir River Valley,Spain.The effect of these two different fertilization regimes on the soil physical properties was evaluated.Soil organic carbon (OC),soil bulk density (BD),soil water retention (WR),available water content (AWC),aggregate stability (AS),and soil physical quality (Dexter's index,S) were determined.The use of organic fertilizer increased OC and resulted in a significant increase in AS and a decrease in BD compared to the mineral fertilizer application in both greenhouse and outdoor plots.The outdoor plots showed the lowest BD values whereas the greenhouse plots showed the highest AS values.In the last years of the 10-year experiment the S parameter was significantly higher in organic fertilizer plots,especially for greenhouse plots.At the end of the study period,there were no significant differences in WR at field capacity (FC) between treatments in both systems;the AWC was also similar in the greenhouse plots but higher in the mineral outdoor plots.In mineral fertilizer treatments,a small improvement in the physical properties was also observed due to the utilization of less aggressive tillage compared with the previous intensive cropping system.Physical soil properties were correlated with soil OC.The sustainable management techniques such as the use of organic amendments and low or no tillage improved soil physical properties,despite the differences in management that logically significantly affected the results.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31071858 and 41173083)
文摘Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China. Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize crop production with reduced nutrient inputs. Conventional fertilization （CF）, reduced fertilization （RF）, and reduced fertilization with maize （Zea mays L.） as a summer catch crop （RF＋C） treatments were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 by quantifying tomato （Lycopersieon esculentum） fruit yield and soil nutrient balance in a greenhouse tomato double-cropping system. Fertilizer nitrogen （N） application was reduced by 37% in the RF and RF＋C treatments compared to the CF treatment with no significant reduction in fruit yield. Mean soil mineral N （Nmin） content to a depth of 180 cm following tomato and maize harvest was lower in the RF and RF＋C treatments than in the CF treatment. Residual soil Nmin content was reduced by 21% and 55% in the RF and RF＋C treatments, respectively, compared to the CF treatment. Surplus phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the RFWC treatment were significantly lower than those in the RF treatment, mainly due to additional P and K uptake by the catch crop. We concluded that for intensive greenhouse production systems, the RF and RF＋C treatments could maintain tomato fruit yield, reduce the potential for nitrate （NO3^--N） leaching, and with a catch crop, provide additional benefits through increased biomass production.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (No. AGL2000-0493) and the Andalusia Government,Spain
文摘To evaluate the use of organic amendments as an alternative to conventional fertilization,a 10-year experiment on a loam soil was conducted under a crop rotation system in both greenhouse and outdoor plots applied with chemical fertilizers (NPK) and vegetal compost (organic fertilizer) in the Guadalquivir River Valley,Spain.The effect of these two different fertilization regimes on the soil physical properties was evaluated.Soil organic carbon (OC),soil bulk density (BD),soil water retention (WR),available water content (AWC),aggregate stability (AS),and soil physical quality (Dexter's index,S) were determined.The use of organic fertilizer increased OC and resulted in a significant increase in AS and a decrease in BD compared to the mineral fertilizer application in both greenhouse and outdoor plots.The outdoor plots showed the lowest BD values whereas the greenhouse plots showed the highest AS values.In the last years of the 10-year experiment the S parameter was significantly higher in organic fertilizer plots,especially for greenhouse plots.At the end of the study period,there were no significant differences in WR at field capacity (FC) between treatments in both systems;the AWC was also similar in the greenhouse plots but higher in the mineral outdoor plots.In mineral fertilizer treatments,a small improvement in the physical properties was also observed due to the utilization of less aggressive tillage compared with the previous intensive cropping system.Physical soil properties were correlated with soil OC.The sustainable management techniques such as the use of organic amendments and low or no tillage improved soil physical properties,despite the differences in management that logically significantly affected the results.
