The distributed energy system has achieved significant attention in respect of its application for singlebuilding cooling and heating.Researching on the life cycle environmental impact of distributed energy systems(DE...The distributed energy system has achieved significant attention in respect of its application for singlebuilding cooling and heating.Researching on the life cycle environmental impact of distributed energy systems(DES)is of great significance to encourage and guide the development of DES in China.However,the environmental performance of distributed energy systems in a building cooling and heating has not yet been carefully analyzed.In this study,based on the standards of ISO14040-2006 and ISO14044-2006,a life-cycle assessment(LCA)of a DES was conducted to quantify its environmental impact and a conventional energy system(CES)was used as the benchmark.GaBi 8 software was used for the LCA.And the Centre of Environmental Science(CML)method and Eco-indicator 99(EI 99)method were used for environmental impact assessment of midpoint and endpoint levels respectively.The results indicated that the DES showed a better life-cycle performance in the usage phase compared to the CES.The life-cycle performance of the DES was better than that of the CES both at the midpoint and endpoint levels in view of the whole lifespan.It is because the CES to DES indicator ratios for acidification potential,eutrophication potential,and global warming potential are 1.5,1.5,and 1.6,respectively at the midpoint level.And about the two types of impact indicators of ecosystem quality and human health at the endpoint level,the CES and DES ratios of the other indicators are greater than1 excepting the carcinogenicity and ozone depletion indicators.The human health threat for the DES was mainly caused by energy consumption during the usage phase.A sensitivity analysis showed that the climate change and inhalable inorganic matter varied by 1.3%and 6.1%as the electricity increased by 10%.When the natural gas increased by 10%,the climate change and inhalable inorganic matter increased by 6.3%and 3.4%,respectively.The human health threat and environmental damage caused by the DES could be significantly reduced by the optimization of natural gas and electricity consumption.展开更多
Here we use a Discriminant Genetic Algorithm Extended (DGAE) model to diagnose and predict seasonal sand and dust storm (SDS) activities occurring in Northeast Asia. The study employed the regular meteorological data,...Here we use a Discriminant Genetic Algorithm Extended (DGAE) model to diagnose and predict seasonal sand and dust storm (SDS) activities occurring in Northeast Asia. The study employed the regular meteorological data, including surface data, upper air data, and NCEP reanalysis data, collected from 1980–2006. The regional, seasonal, and annual differences of 3-D atmospheric circulation structures and SDS activities in the context of spatial and temporal distributions were given. Genetic algorithms were introduced with the further extension of promoting SDS seasonal predication from multi-level resolution. Genetic probability was used as a substitute for posterior probability of multi-level discriminants, to show the dual characteristics of crossover inheritance and mutation and to build a non-linear adaptability function in line with extended genetic algorithms. This has unveiled the spatial distribution of the maximum adaptability, allowing the forecast field to be defined by the population with the largest probability, and made discriminant genetic extension possible. In addition, the effort has led to the establishment of a regional model for predicting seasonal SDS activities in East Asia. The model was tested to predict the spring SDS activities occurring in North China from 2007 to 2009. The experimental forecast resulted in highly discriminant intensity ratings and regional distributions of SDS activities, which are a meaningful reference for seasonal SDS predictions in the future.展开更多
基金Projects(51676209,22008265)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2020JJ6072,2021JJ50007)supported by the Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation,China。
文摘The distributed energy system has achieved significant attention in respect of its application for singlebuilding cooling and heating.Researching on the life cycle environmental impact of distributed energy systems(DES)is of great significance to encourage and guide the development of DES in China.However,the environmental performance of distributed energy systems in a building cooling and heating has not yet been carefully analyzed.In this study,based on the standards of ISO14040-2006 and ISO14044-2006,a life-cycle assessment(LCA)of a DES was conducted to quantify its environmental impact and a conventional energy system(CES)was used as the benchmark.GaBi 8 software was used for the LCA.And the Centre of Environmental Science(CML)method and Eco-indicator 99(EI 99)method were used for environmental impact assessment of midpoint and endpoint levels respectively.The results indicated that the DES showed a better life-cycle performance in the usage phase compared to the CES.The life-cycle performance of the DES was better than that of the CES both at the midpoint and endpoint levels in view of the whole lifespan.It is because the CES to DES indicator ratios for acidification potential,eutrophication potential,and global warming potential are 1.5,1.5,and 1.6,respectively at the midpoint level.And about the two types of impact indicators of ecosystem quality and human health at the endpoint level,the CES and DES ratios of the other indicators are greater than1 excepting the carcinogenicity and ozone depletion indicators.The human health threat for the DES was mainly caused by energy consumption during the usage phase.A sensitivity analysis showed that the climate change and inhalable inorganic matter varied by 1.3%and 6.1%as the electricity increased by 10%.When the natural gas increased by 10%,the climate change and inhalable inorganic matter increased by 6.3%and 3.4%,respectively.The human health threat and environmental damage caused by the DES could be significantly reduced by the optimization of natural gas and electricity consumption.
基金supported by National S & T Support Program (Grant No. 2008BAC40B02)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB403703 and 2006CB403701)Basic Research Fund under Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant Nos. 2009Y002, 2009Y001)
文摘Here we use a Discriminant Genetic Algorithm Extended (DGAE) model to diagnose and predict seasonal sand and dust storm (SDS) activities occurring in Northeast Asia. The study employed the regular meteorological data, including surface data, upper air data, and NCEP reanalysis data, collected from 1980–2006. The regional, seasonal, and annual differences of 3-D atmospheric circulation structures and SDS activities in the context of spatial and temporal distributions were given. Genetic algorithms were introduced with the further extension of promoting SDS seasonal predication from multi-level resolution. Genetic probability was used as a substitute for posterior probability of multi-level discriminants, to show the dual characteristics of crossover inheritance and mutation and to build a non-linear adaptability function in line with extended genetic algorithms. This has unveiled the spatial distribution of the maximum adaptability, allowing the forecast field to be defined by the population with the largest probability, and made discriminant genetic extension possible. In addition, the effort has led to the establishment of a regional model for predicting seasonal SDS activities in East Asia. The model was tested to predict the spring SDS activities occurring in North China from 2007 to 2009. The experimental forecast resulted in highly discriminant intensity ratings and regional distributions of SDS activities, which are a meaningful reference for seasonal SDS predictions in the future.
