The electron-cyclotron maser （ECM） emission driven by nonthermal electrons is one of the most crucial mechanisms responsible for radio emissions in magnetized planets, for the interplanetary medium （IPM） and for t...The electron-cyclotron maser （ECM） emission driven by nonthermal electrons is one of the most crucial mechanisms responsible for radio emissions in magnetized planets, for the interplanetary medium （IPM） and for the laboratory microwave generation devices. Major astrophysical observations demonstrate that nonthermal electrons frequently have a negative power-law spectrum with a lower energy cutoff and anisotropic distribution in the velocity space. In this paper, the effects of power-law spectrum behaviors of electrons on a ring-beam maser emission are considered. The results show that the growth rates of O1 and X2 modes decrease rapidly for small A （the dispersion of momentum u）. Because of the lower energy cutoff behavior, the nonthermal electrons with large a still can excite the ECM instability efficiently. The present analysis also includes the effects of parameter β （βu0 is the dispersion of perpendicular momentum ui, u0 the average value of u） on the instability. The growth rate of X2 mode decreases with parameter v0 （v0 = u⊥o/uo, U⊥0 is the average value of u⊥）. But for O1 mode, the relationship between the growth rate and v0 is complicated. It also shows that the growth rates are very sensitive to frequency ratio Ω （frequency ratio of electron cyclotron frequency to plasma frequency）.展开更多
Nuclear decay is investigated by the view of network science and the relationship of nuclear decay among different radionuclide can be mapped to a network topology directly.The network includes 1410 nodes and 1275 edg...Nuclear decay is investigated by the view of network science and the relationship of nuclear decay among different radionuclide can be mapped to a network topology directly.The network includes 1410 nodes and 1275 edges.The average degree of the network of nuclear decay is about 1.8,the cumulative degree distribution still meets the typical power-law distribution,and the corresponding exponent is about 4.1.Not considering their dynamic behavior,the fitting parameters of the nuclear decay network are obtained according to the LUHNM theory proposed by our group before.Their cumulated degree distributions of the nuclear decay network match well.The idea and method may provide a new way to study some other problems of nuclear physics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10973043 and 41074107)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB811402)the Key Laboratory of Solar Activity at National Astronomical Observatories,CAS
文摘The electron-cyclotron maser （ECM） emission driven by nonthermal electrons is one of the most crucial mechanisms responsible for radio emissions in magnetized planets, for the interplanetary medium （IPM） and for the laboratory microwave generation devices. Major astrophysical observations demonstrate that nonthermal electrons frequently have a negative power-law spectrum with a lower energy cutoff and anisotropic distribution in the velocity space. In this paper, the effects of power-law spectrum behaviors of electrons on a ring-beam maser emission are considered. The results show that the growth rates of O1 and X2 modes decrease rapidly for small A （the dispersion of momentum u）. Because of the lower energy cutoff behavior, the nonthermal electrons with large a still can excite the ECM instability efficiently. The present analysis also includes the effects of parameter β （βu0 is the dispersion of perpendicular momentum ui, u0 the average value of u） on the instability. The growth rate of X2 mode decreases with parameter v0 （v0 = u⊥o/uo, U⊥0 is the average value of u⊥）. But for O1 mode, the relationship between the growth rate and v0 is complicated. It also shows that the growth rates are very sensitive to frequency ratio Ω （frequency ratio of electron cyclotron frequency to plasma frequency）.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60874087 and 61174151
文摘Nuclear decay is investigated by the view of network science and the relationship of nuclear decay among different radionuclide can be mapped to a network topology directly.The network includes 1410 nodes and 1275 edges.The average degree of the network of nuclear decay is about 1.8,the cumulative degree distribution still meets the typical power-law distribution,and the corresponding exponent is about 4.1.Not considering their dynamic behavior,the fitting parameters of the nuclear decay network are obtained according to the LUHNM theory proposed by our group before.Their cumulated degree distributions of the nuclear decay network match well.The idea and method may provide a new way to study some other problems of nuclear physics.
