贵阳市近郊不同人为干扰迹地土壤种子库与地上植被的关系

采用种子萌发试验对贵阳市乌当区马背山喀斯特次生林不同干扰迹地(弃耕干扰、火烧干扰和碎石堆积干扰)土壤种子库与地上植被的关系进行研究,结果显示:弃耕地、火烧地和碎石堆积地的地面植被的物种数和生活型比土壤种子库丰富,土壤种子库中乔木种类缺乏,以菊科、禾本科和豆科植物等草本植物占优势。3种干扰迹地地上植被物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数均大于土壤种子库,弃耕地土壤种子库的生态优势度指数大于地上植被,而碎石堆积地则小于地上植被。3种干扰迹地土壤种子库与地表植被的物种相似性系数分别为0.4000、0.4274和0.3556,表明不同人为干扰方式对地表植被和土壤种子库的影响程度不同。

贵阳市近郊不同人为干扰迹地土壤种子库研究

[目的]对贵阳市边郊不同人为干扰迹地土壤种子库进行研究。[方法]利用种子萌发试验,从土壤种子库数量、物种组成、物种多样性等方面,对贵阳市乌当区马背山喀斯特次生林不同干扰迹地(弃耕地、火烧地和碎石堆积地)土壤种子库进行研究。[结果]土壤种子库中,弃耕地、火烧地和碎石堆积地的种子密度分别为7 919±616、2 791±350和4 204±372粒/m2,物种组成以演替早期阶段的草本植物为主。碎石堆积地土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数最大,火烧地最小;弃耕地土壤种子库的Shanon-Wiener多样性指数最大,火烧地最小;碎石堆积地的Pielou均匀度指数最大,弃耕地最小,表明火烧地土壤种子库的种子数量和种类组成最少,弃耕地优势种明显。弃耕地和火烧地土壤种子库的相似性较高。在0～15 cm土层内,弃耕地和火烧地土壤种子密度随土层深度的增加而减少,碎石堆积地则随土层深度的增加先减小后增大。[结论]该研究为退化喀斯特植被的恢复与重建提供了理论参考。

Structure changes and succession dynamic of the natural secondary forest after severe fire interference

The structure and dynamic succession law of natural secondary forest after severe fire interference in recent 20 years were studied by adopting the method of deducing time series from the spatial sequence of vegetation in Heihe region, Heilongjiang, China. Two typical and widely distributed forest types in the study area, namely forest type A and forest type B, were selected as study subjects. Forest type A is pure broadleaf forest or broadleaf mixed forest mainly composing of superior Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana in the area with gradient 〈25°, while forest type B is pure forest or mixed forest composing of superior Quercus mongolica and Betula davurica in the area with gradient 〉25°. Species richness, vegetation coverage, important value, and similarity index of commtmity in different layers （Herb, shrub, small tree, and arbor layers） were investigated and analyzed for the two typical forests. The results show that after fire interference, the species richness and coverage in each layer in forest type A were higher than that in forest type B. Both for forest type A and B, with elapse of post-fire years, the species richness and coverage of herbs and shrubs showed a decline tendency, while those of arbor layer present a rising tendency. Through comparison of the important values of species in each layer and analysis of community structure changes, the dynamic process of post-fire vegetation succession for forest type A and B was separately determined. Post-fire 80 years＇ succession tendency of forest type A is B. platyphylla and Larix gmelinii mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of Corylus heterophylla and Vaccinium uliginosum, and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Athyrium multidentatum, and Pyrola incarnate; whereas, the post-fire 80 years＇ succession of forest type B is Q. mongolica and B. davurica mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of lespedeza bicolar and corylus heterophylla and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Asparagus densiflorus, and Hemerocallis minor.