不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

在全球气候变化背景下,干旱发生的频率和强度都有所增强,严重影响农业生产。研究大豆(Glycine max)在不同生育期不同强度干旱胁迫/复水条件下的光合特性和产量变化,可明确干旱对大豆生长发育影响并为探索灾变机制提供理论依据。通过水分控制试验,分别在开花期和鼓粒期对大豆实施轻度干旱胁迫(65%田间持水量)和重度干旱胁迫(50%田间持水量),并分别持续7、14、21 d。在胁迫结束后进行复水,复水水平控制到对照处理水平(80%田间持水量)。结果表明,开花期和鼓粒期干旱胁迫使大豆最大净光合速率分别降低19.56%—70.86%和44.38%—74.03%。在开花期,随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,气孔限制值呈升高趋势,胞间CO_(2)浓度呈降低趋势,大豆净光合速率下降是由气孔因素主导。在鼓粒期,随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,气孔限制值由升高趋势转为降低趋势,胞间CO_(2)浓度由降低趋势转为升高趋势,大豆净光合速率下降由气孔因素主导转为非气孔因素主导。当干旱胁迫持续时间较短时(7—14 d),大豆水分利用效率升高6.88%—52.34%,随着干旱持续时间的延长(21 d),水分利用效率降低20.41%—61.18%。开花期干旱胁迫使大豆减产15.63%—55.47%,而鼓粒期减产24.17%—59.63%。干旱胁迫导致大豆净光合速率和产量下降,且相同程度的干旱,在鼓粒期对大豆产量的影响大于开花期;持续时间较短的干旱胁迫可提高水分利用效率,而长时间干旱胁迫使水分利用效率降低。

Effects of Drought Stress and Re-watering on Growth and Yield of Different Maize Varieties at Tasseling Stage

[Objective] The aim was to explore the response of different maize vari- eties in Guangxi to drought stress and re-watering at tasseling stage, so as to pro- vide reference for study on drought resistance mechanism, breeding of drought-re- sistant varieties and selection of maize varieties for fall sowing. [Method] At the tasseling stage, total five degrees of drought stress （4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 d） and corresponding re-watering after drought stress were simulated by a tub planting ex- periment in greenhouse for five different maize varieties （Guidan 0810, Dika 008, Zhengda 619, Chenyu 969, Guidan 901）. Normal watering was set as the control. Sampling was carried out on Day 1 after drought stress and on Day 15 after re- watering, and the secondary root number, maximum root length, green leaf number, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were measured. At the harvest time, the ear yield per plant was measured. With yield as the basis, the drought resistance coef- ficient and drought resistance index were calculated. Cluster analysis was conducted for drought resistance coefficient. [Result] The shoot dry weight, root dry weight, secondary root number, maximum root length and green leaf number of maize in the treatment groups decreased compared with those in the control group. The ratio of each index between the treatment and control groups declined with the extension of drought stress. After re-watering, the re-growth amount of each index all de- creased as the stress time prolonged. Post-re-watering over compensation effect oc- curred in none of the indices except the maximum root length, after 4 days of drought stress. Under drought stress, the reductions of all the indices of Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zhengda 619 were smaller than those of Chenyu 969 and Guidan 901. After re-watering, the re-growth abilities of Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zhengda 619 were stronger than those of Chenyu 969 and Guidan 901. The drought resistance coefficients and drought resistance indexes of Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zhengda 619 were all greater than those of Chenyu 969 and Guidan 901. The results of drought resistance coefficient cluster analysis showed that the five maize varieties were classified into two groups： Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zheng- da 619 had strong drought resistance, while Guidan 901 and Chenyu 969 had weak drought resistance. [Conclusion] The root and shoot growth of Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zhengda 619 was slightly affected by drought stress during the tasseling period, and they restored the growth rapidly after re-watering, thus ensuring high biomass and yield. Therefore, Guidan 0810, Dika 008 and Zhengda 619 can be promoted as drought-resistant autumn maize varieties in Guangxi.

Research on Relationship between Recovery Ability after Drought Stress-rewatering and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Varieties

The study aims at exploring the possibility of using the recovery ability af- ter drought stress-rewatering at vegetative growth stage as the evaluating index in water use efficiency （WUE） of winter wheat varieties. ＇Jing 411 ＇, ＇Jinmai 47＇ and their 34 near isogenic lines （NILs） were used as test materials. Semi-automatic rainproof shelter and the percolating pools were used for simulating drought treat- ment. After suffering severe drought stress, winter wheat crops were rewatered at early jointing stage. The biomass accumulation after rewatering was determined as recovery ability index. In the meanwhile, plant height in the end of vegetative growth stage was measured, and WUE of varieties/lines was also determined. Thereafter, the differences in recovery ability, plant height and the population WUE, together with the correlation between recovery ability and population WUE were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in recovery ability among some varieties/lines. The recovery ability was affected by both geno- type and environment, and the interaction existed in these two factors. Significant differences existed in plant height and population WUE among the 34 NILs along with their parents. There was a significantly positive correlation between recovery ability and plant height of varieties/lines. Recovery ability and plant height were very significantly and positively correlated with population yield WUE respectively. The re- sults indicated that recovery ability after drought stress-rewatering could be used as an evaluating index of population WUE under drought condition.