In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative an...In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
To study the mechanism of SO2 and Hg removal from flue gas, an experimental packed bed reactor was designed to simulate the dry FGD, where a mixture of lime and fly ash in ratio 1：3 w/w was used as the S02 and Hg sor...To study the mechanism of SO2 and Hg removal from flue gas, an experimental packed bed reactor was designed to simulate the dry FGD, where a mixture of lime and fly ash in ratio 1：3 w/w was used as the S02 and Hg sorbent, and steam at temperature of 100 ℃ was applied for activation of the sorbent, while the activation time set to 20 rain. The experimental factors including the SO2/Hg sorbent characteristics, 50% breakthrough time for SO2/Hg removal, sorbent packed bed depth and reaction temperature were investigated. The experimental results show that after steam activation, the BET specific surface area and specific pore volume increased from 37.8 to 45.5 m^2/g and from 0.42 to 0.51 cm^3/g, respectively. With activation of the sorbent by steam, the 50% breakthrough times of SO2 and Hg removal increased from 34 to 42 rain and from 23 to 45 rain, respectively. When the packed bed depth was increased from 5 to 25 ram. the 50% breakthrough times for Hg and S02 removal increased from 12 to 52 rain and from 6 to 47 rain, respectively. With the increase of the reaction temperature, the 50% breakthrough of SO2/Hg removal decreased accordingly. Steam activation can efficiently improve SO2/Hg removal simultaneously.展开更多
TiO2/SiO2 aerogels with different molar ratio of SiO2/TiO2 were prepared via non-supercritical method using tetrabutyl titanate and silica sols as raw materials. The samples were characterized by TEM, SEM, BET, IR, XR...TiO2/SiO2 aerogels with different molar ratio of SiO2/TiO2 were prepared via non-supercritical method using tetrabutyl titanate and silica sols as raw materials. The samples were characterized by TEM, SEM, BET, IR, XRD and so on. The results indicate that the BET surface area of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels calcined at 550℃ which consisted of anatase structure of TiO2 with narrow distribution pores of 5-25 nm is as high as 357.89 m2·g-1. For the photocatalytic degradation of pyridine, the catalytic activities of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels are much higher than that of TiO2 powder. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels calcined at 800℃ is the optimum. The higher the content of SiO2, the higher the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels. The cost for preparation of the aerogels is greatly reduced by using non-supercritical drying method, and the aerogels are hopefully applied in the treatment of industrial waste water such as coking effluent treatment.展开更多
A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste...A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste products of calcium-based semi-dry and zinc-based flue gas desulfurization(Ca–SD-FGD and Zn–SD-FGD) technologies, respectively. It was found that Zn SO3·2.5H2 O first lost crystal H2 O at 100 °C and then decomposed into SO2 and solid Zn O at 260 °C in the air, while Ca SO3 is oxidized at 450 °C before it decomposed in the air. The experimental results confirm that Zn–SD-FGD technology is good for SO2 removal and recycling, but with problem in clogging and high operational cost. The proposed Na–Zn-FGD is clogging proof, and more cost-effective. In the new process, Na2CO3 is used to generate Na2SO3 for SO2absorption, and the intermediate product Na HSO3 reacts with Zn O powders, producing Zn SO3·2.5H2 O precipitate and Na2SO3 solution. The Na2SO3 solution is clogging proof, which is re-used for SO2 absorption. By thermal decomposition of Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, Zn O is re-generated and SO2 with high purity is co-produced as well. The cycle consumes some amount of raw material Na2CO3 and a small amount of Zn O only. The newly proposed FGD technology could be a substitute of the traditional semi-dry FGD technologies.展开更多
A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide...A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.展开更多
Through the analysis of forces acting on the waste rock in the gas solid fluidized bed, the waste rock velocity equations and displacement equations in the gas solids fluidized bed were achieved and the influential fa...Through the analysis of forces acting on the waste rock in the gas solid fluidized bed, the waste rock velocity equations and displacement equations in the gas solids fluidized bed were achieved and the influential factors of the waste rock motion in the fluidized bed were studied in this paper. The conclusions show that the primary factors influencing the waste rock motion are the waste rock grain size and the scraper velocity according to the computer simulation. This has provided the theoretical foundation both for improving the separating effect and ascertaining the length of the separating cell.展开更多
Factor analysis was used to investigate the changes of dry-wet climate in the dry season in Yunnan during 1961-2007 based on observed data from 15 stations.Three common factors were extracted from the 9 climatic facto...Factor analysis was used to investigate the changes of dry-wet climate in the dry season in Yunnan during 1961-2007 based on observed data from 15 stations.Three common factors were extracted from the 9 climatic factors.The results showed that the dry-wet climate has evidently changed since the early 1960s.The general trends in the changes of drywet climate were described as slight decrease in humidity and gradual enhancement in drought intensity.The climate during 1960s-1980s was under weak-medium drought.But since early 1990s,dry conditions have markedly strengthened and continued due to uneven temporal distribution of rainfall and climate warming.展开更多
Transparent electrodes made of silver nanowires （AgNWs） exhibit higher flexibility when compared to those made of tin doped indium oxide （ITO） and are expected to be applied in plastic electronics. However, these ...Transparent electrodes made of silver nanowires （AgNWs） exhibit higher flexibility when compared to those made of tin doped indium oxide （ITO） and are expected to be applied in plastic electronics. However, these transparent electrodes composed of AgNWs show high haze because the wires cause strong light scattering in the visible range. Reduction of the wire diameter has been proposed as a way to weaken light scattering, although there have seldom been any studies focusing on the haze because of the difficulty involved in controlling the wire diameter. In this report, we show that the haze can be easily reduced by increasing the length of AgNWs with a large diameter. Ultra-long （u-long） AgNWs with lengths in the range of 20-100 μm and a maximum length of 230 μm have been successfully synthesized by adjusting the reaction temperature and the stirring speed of a one-step polyol process. Compared to typical AgNWs （with diameter and length of 70 nm and 10 μm, respectively） and ITO, a transparent electrode consisting of u-long AgNWs 91 nm in diameter demonstrated a low haze of 3.4%-1.6% and a low sheet resistance of 24-109 Ω/sq. at a transmittance of 94%-97%. Even when fabricated at room temperature without any post-treatment, the electrodes composed of u-long AgNWs achieved a sheet resistance of 19 Ω/sq, at a transmittance of 80%, which is six orders of magnitude lower than that of typical AgNWs.展开更多
Graphene sponge(GS) is a porous 3D structure of graphene. Although hydrothermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, solution reduction and high temperature annealing could be used for the preparation of GS, the size...Graphene sponge(GS) is a porous 3D structure of graphene. Although hydrothermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, solution reduction and high temperature annealing could be used for the preparation of GS, the size and shape cannot be well controlled. Herein, we reported a facile method to prepare GS under mild condition in a size and shape controllable way. Graphene oxide was lyophilized to form the spongy structure and reduced by steamy hydrazine hydrate to produce GS. The size and shape of GS prepared were nearly identical to that of the container. The reduction degree of GS could be regulated by the reduction temperature and time.展开更多
基金supported by the national project"Deep Exploration Technology and Experimentation"(SinoProbe-09-02)
文摘In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (No. 2008AA06Z318)the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Nos. 201009048 and 200909025)
文摘To study the mechanism of SO2 and Hg removal from flue gas, an experimental packed bed reactor was designed to simulate the dry FGD, where a mixture of lime and fly ash in ratio 1：3 w/w was used as the S02 and Hg sorbent, and steam at temperature of 100 ℃ was applied for activation of the sorbent, while the activation time set to 20 rain. The experimental factors including the SO2/Hg sorbent characteristics, 50% breakthrough time for SO2/Hg removal, sorbent packed bed depth and reaction temperature were investigated. The experimental results show that after steam activation, the BET specific surface area and specific pore volume increased from 37.8 to 45.5 m^2/g and from 0.42 to 0.51 cm^3/g, respectively. With activation of the sorbent by steam, the 50% breakthrough times of SO2 and Hg removal increased from 34 to 42 rain and from 23 to 45 rain, respectively. When the packed bed depth was increased from 5 to 25 ram. the 50% breakthrough times for Hg and S02 removal increased from 12 to 52 rain and from 6 to 47 rain, respectively. With the increase of the reaction temperature, the 50% breakthrough of SO2/Hg removal decreased accordingly. Steam activation can efficiently improve SO2/Hg removal simultaneously.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20473057)Development Foundation of Science and Technology of Shanghai (No. 0352nm094).
文摘TiO2/SiO2 aerogels with different molar ratio of SiO2/TiO2 were prepared via non-supercritical method using tetrabutyl titanate and silica sols as raw materials. The samples were characterized by TEM, SEM, BET, IR, XRD and so on. The results indicate that the BET surface area of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels calcined at 550℃ which consisted of anatase structure of TiO2 with narrow distribution pores of 5-25 nm is as high as 357.89 m2·g-1. For the photocatalytic degradation of pyridine, the catalytic activities of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels are much higher than that of TiO2 powder. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels calcined at 800℃ is the optimum. The higher the content of SiO2, the higher the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 aerogels. The cost for preparation of the aerogels is greatly reduced by using non-supercritical drying method, and the aerogels are hopefully applied in the treatment of industrial waste water such as coking effluent treatment.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2009AA05Z302)
文摘A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste products of calcium-based semi-dry and zinc-based flue gas desulfurization(Ca–SD-FGD and Zn–SD-FGD) technologies, respectively. It was found that Zn SO3·2.5H2 O first lost crystal H2 O at 100 °C and then decomposed into SO2 and solid Zn O at 260 °C in the air, while Ca SO3 is oxidized at 450 °C before it decomposed in the air. The experimental results confirm that Zn–SD-FGD technology is good for SO2 removal and recycling, but with problem in clogging and high operational cost. The proposed Na–Zn-FGD is clogging proof, and more cost-effective. In the new process, Na2CO3 is used to generate Na2SO3 for SO2absorption, and the intermediate product Na HSO3 reacts with Zn O powders, producing Zn SO3·2.5H2 O precipitate and Na2SO3 solution. The Na2SO3 solution is clogging proof, which is re-used for SO2 absorption. By thermal decomposition of Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, Zn O is re-generated and SO2 with high purity is co-produced as well. The cycle consumes some amount of raw material Na2CO3 and a small amount of Zn O only. The newly proposed FGD technology could be a substitute of the traditional semi-dry FGD technologies.
基金Projects(50921002, 50774084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007AA05Z318) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(BK2010002) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of ChinaProject(20100480473) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.
文摘Through the analysis of forces acting on the waste rock in the gas solid fluidized bed, the waste rock velocity equations and displacement equations in the gas solids fluidized bed were achieved and the influential factors of the waste rock motion in the fluidized bed were studied in this paper. The conclusions show that the primary factors influencing the waste rock motion are the waste rock grain size and the scraper velocity according to the computer simulation. This has provided the theoretical foundation both for improving the separating effect and ascertaining the length of the separating cell.
基金supported by the program(40675045) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Factor analysis was used to investigate the changes of dry-wet climate in the dry season in Yunnan during 1961-2007 based on observed data from 15 stations.Three common factors were extracted from the 9 climatic factors.The results showed that the dry-wet climate has evidently changed since the early 1960s.The general trends in the changes of drywet climate were described as slight decrease in humidity and gradual enhancement in drought intensity.The climate during 1960s-1980s was under weak-medium drought.But since early 1990s,dry conditions have markedly strengthened and continued due to uneven temporal distribution of rainfall and climate warming.
文摘Transparent electrodes made of silver nanowires （AgNWs） exhibit higher flexibility when compared to those made of tin doped indium oxide （ITO） and are expected to be applied in plastic electronics. However, these transparent electrodes composed of AgNWs show high haze because the wires cause strong light scattering in the visible range. Reduction of the wire diameter has been proposed as a way to weaken light scattering, although there have seldom been any studies focusing on the haze because of the difficulty involved in controlling the wire diameter. In this report, we show that the haze can be easily reduced by increasing the length of AgNWs with a large diameter. Ultra-long （u-long） AgNWs with lengths in the range of 20-100 μm and a maximum length of 230 μm have been successfully synthesized by adjusting the reaction temperature and the stirring speed of a one-step polyol process. Compared to typical AgNWs （with diameter and length of 70 nm and 10 μm, respectively） and ITO, a transparent electrode consisting of u-long AgNWs 91 nm in diameter demonstrated a low haze of 3.4%-1.6% and a low sheet resistance of 24-109 Ω/sq. at a transmittance of 94%-97%. Even when fabricated at room temperature without any post-treatment, the electrodes composed of u-long AgNWs achieved a sheet resistance of 19 Ω/sq, at a transmittance of 80%, which is six orders of magnitude lower than that of typical AgNWs.
基金financial support from the China Natural Science Foundation (No. 201307101)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No. 20134FZ0060)+2 种基金Top-notch Young Talents Program of Chinathe Project of Postgraduate Degree ConstructionSouthwest University for Nationalities (No. 2015XWD-S0703)
文摘Graphene sponge(GS) is a porous 3D structure of graphene. Although hydrothermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, solution reduction and high temperature annealing could be used for the preparation of GS, the size and shape cannot be well controlled. Herein, we reported a facile method to prepare GS under mild condition in a size and shape controllable way. Graphene oxide was lyophilized to form the spongy structure and reduced by steamy hydrazine hydrate to produce GS. The size and shape of GS prepared were nearly identical to that of the container. The reduction degree of GS could be regulated by the reduction temperature and time.
