The regions of the selective oxidation of the the production of 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine coherent-synchronized mechanism is suggested for 4-ethylpyridine and piperidine. The HO^＊2 radical plays 4-ethylpyridin...The regions of the selective oxidation of the the production of 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine coherent-synchronized mechanism is suggested for 4-ethylpyridine and piperidine. The HO^＊2 radical plays 4-ethylpyridine and piperidine have been found, and the optimal conditions for N-monoxide and pyridine have been determined. The most probable hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the free-radical chain oxidation of the key role in this mechanism.展开更多
Pretreatment is one of the most important steps in the production bioethanol from lignocellulose materials. Alkaline pretreatment is a common mean of pretreatment but microwave oven could assist its efficiency as it c...Pretreatment is one of the most important steps in the production bioethanol from lignocellulose materials. Alkaline pretreatment is a common mean of pretreatment but microwave oven could assist its efficiency as it can reduce the pretreatment time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this paper is to determine lignin removal from banana trunk using microwave-assisted alkaline （NaOH and NH4OH） pretreatments. The best pretreatment conditions were used for mass pretreatment before hydrolysis and fermentation. The result shows that, optimum lignin removal was with microwave-assisted NaOH pretreatment with the removal of up to 98% lignin at 2% （w/v （weight/volum）） sodium hydroxide, 170 W microwave power at 10 rain. Microwave-assisted ammonium hydroxide pretreatment achieved 97% lignin removal at 1% ammonium hydroxide concentration and 680 W microwave power at 5 min. Microwave- alkaline assisted pretreatment increased the yield and quality of fermentable sugar after enzyme hydrolysis with NH4OH and ammonium hydroxide yielding 40% and 39% of ethanol, respectively. This result reveals that, well controlled microwave- alkaline assisted pretreatment of banana trunk could effectively remove lignin and give high bioethanol yield.展开更多
文摘The regions of the selective oxidation of the the production of 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine coherent-synchronized mechanism is suggested for 4-ethylpyridine and piperidine. The HO^＊2 radical plays 4-ethylpyridine and piperidine have been found, and the optimal conditions for N-monoxide and pyridine have been determined. The most probable hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the free-radical chain oxidation of the key role in this mechanism.
文摘Pretreatment is one of the most important steps in the production bioethanol from lignocellulose materials. Alkaline pretreatment is a common mean of pretreatment but microwave oven could assist its efficiency as it can reduce the pretreatment time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this paper is to determine lignin removal from banana trunk using microwave-assisted alkaline （NaOH and NH4OH） pretreatments. The best pretreatment conditions were used for mass pretreatment before hydrolysis and fermentation. The result shows that, optimum lignin removal was with microwave-assisted NaOH pretreatment with the removal of up to 98% lignin at 2% （w/v （weight/volum）） sodium hydroxide, 170 W microwave power at 10 rain. Microwave-assisted ammonium hydroxide pretreatment achieved 97% lignin removal at 1% ammonium hydroxide concentration and 680 W microwave power at 5 min. Microwave- alkaline assisted pretreatment increased the yield and quality of fermentable sugar after enzyme hydrolysis with NH4OH and ammonium hydroxide yielding 40% and 39% of ethanol, respectively. This result reveals that, well controlled microwave- alkaline assisted pretreatment of banana trunk could effectively remove lignin and give high bioethanol yield.
