Prospect of Functional Salivary Gland Enhancement with Biomedical Strategies for Head and Neck Cancers

Xerostomia is the main complication inflicting head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.Conventional treatment is not very effective in alleviating this morbidity.Biomedical strategies such as gene transfer and tissue engineering have made substantial progress that will potentially lead to successful new treatment options for this condition.This report reviews the process of radiation damage to the salivary glands and the advances in functional salivary gland enhancement with these two brand-new technologies.

Dynamic Integrity Measurement Model Based on vTPM

With the development of cloud computing, virtualization technology has been widely used in our life. Meanwhile, it became one of the key targets for some attackers. The integrity measurement in virtual machine has become an urgent problem. Some of the existing virtualization platform integrity measurement mechanism introduces the trusted computing technology, according to a trusted chain that the Trusted Platform Module(TPM) established for trusted root to measure the integrity of process in static. But this single chain static measurement cannot ensure the dynamic credible in platform running. To solve the problem that the virtual trusted platform can not guarantee the dynamic credibility, this paper put forward Dynamic Integrity Measurement Model(DIMM) based on virtual Trusted Platform Module(v TPM) which had been implemented with typical virtual machine monitor Xen as an example. DIMM combined with virtual machine introspection and event capture technology to ensure the security of the entire user domain. Based on the framework, this paper put forward Self-modify dynamic measurement strategy which can effectively reduce the measurement frequency and improve the measurement performance. Finally, it is proved that the validity and feasibility of the proposed model with comparison experiments.

Evaluation of Control Strategies for Cymbopogon nardus in Grazing Areas of Uganda

Cymbopogon nardus is an invasive grass weed in the grazing lands of Uganda affecting growth of desirable species and impeding movement of livestock. Farmers have for long used manual removal with a hand hoe to control the weed to allow growth of palatable species. In order to reduce on the drudgery associated with the hand hoe, a trial was set up to evaluate removal with a hand hoe, use of fire and spraying the weed with glyphosate herbicide to control Cymbopogon nardus. Eight treatments associated with the different control strategies were replicated on four sites in the land use system. Both manual removal with a hand hoe and spraying with glyphosate herbicide were effective in controlling Cymbopogon nardus with 95% and 92% kill of Cymbopogon tussocks, respectively. The differences between the two control methods were not significant. Plant species biodiversity recovery was faster in the manually controlled plots than in those sprayed with glyphosate, but the number of species was not significantly different. The frequency of occurrence of species was however significantly different with manually controlled plots registering a higher frequency of the species. Fire had no effect as a control strategy, but instead increased the number of tussocks, growth vigour of the re-growth, flowering and hence seed setting. After three seasons, no significant difference was observed in species biodiversity between manual and herbicide control. These results suggest that herbicides could effectively be used to control Cymbopogon nardus to cut on costs and avoid the drudgery normally associated with manual control.

Firm Risk Profile, Agency Incentives and Corporate Performance： Corporate Governance Perspective of Uganda

This paper focuses on the relationship between firm risk profile, agency incentives and corporate performance using correlation study and cross-sectional approach. We conceptualise firm risk profile using the balanced score card and differ from previous studies, on the above variables, by capturing the perceptual sets of strategic leadership of Ugandan firms who are members of corporate governance of Uganda. We post a significant negative relationship between firm risk profile and corporate performance, a significant negative relationship between firm risk profile and agency incentives and a positive relationship between agency incentives and corporate performance By employing Joseph and Scott （2006）＇s utilization of the balanced score card to identify the four forms of firm risk （namely, financial, customer, internal and learning and growth risks）, our results support the application of agency theory as a relevant theoretical framework for dealing with managers who are risk averse.

Reduction of Tobacco Smoking Health Risk Through an Appropriate Media Based Communication Strategy in Uganda

The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of the cases, unknown. Smoking accounts for almost half of the deaths in middle age in some regions. In Uganda, translating findings into policy action is slow and involves several stakeholders. It will continue to require support from tobacco control campaign groups. This paper analyses secondary literature on tobacco smoking and later provides an appropriate medium based communication strategy that can be adopted to counteract the persuasive smoking evil adverts of tobacco companies as well as creating awareness among the population of the health impacts caused by smoking.

Strategies for enhancing economic growth and ecological sustainability in Xinjiang province, China

In arid regions, fragile ecological environment is an obstacle to economic development; an efficient pattern of eco-economic development could be sought from different strategies in such regions. China＇s Xinjiang province is the most typical arid region in the world, in fact, contradiction among ecological issue and economic development is intense. In this paper, the natural resource condition, social and economic developments are analyzed in Xinjiang province, with emphasis on the economic development stages underpinned by resource superiority after the economic reform era. We argue that： Xinjiang＇s economic development was determined comprehensively by geography, ecological resources, and human activity; however to explore a new development pattern with lower dependence on ecological resources, lower cost, more protection to the environment, higher value added and levels of science and technology and knowledge is a key challenge for future economic development. Based on the comparison between past and present, Green strategies should be exclusively chosen for eco-economic development due to the pressure on ecological resources, and the sustainable developmental green strategies include： ecology stratagem, trade stratagem, structure adjustment stratagem, capital stratagem, human resources stratagem. The key challenge is to provide supportive policy and instructional environment to foster such strategies.

Explaining the Private College Students＇ English Academic Ability by Social Cultural Perspective

From the perspective of the sociocultural theory （SCI）, this article examines Chinese students＇ present states of English academic achievements in some private colleges by investigating teacher-student interaction. It then analyzes underlying factors influencing learner＇s academic ability. Finally it investigates some efficient class teaching strategies to promote their academic development, using class interventions such as the know-want-learn strategy （KWL）, the object-explore-success-happy strategy （OESH）, the cooperative project between students and teacher＇s strategy （CPST） and so on. Theoretically, the paper aims to place the SCT perspectives in the foreground. Pedagogically, it attempts to raise teacher-practitioners＇ wisdom so as to enhance learners＇ English academic achievements from the affective perspective.

Changing Forestry Policy by Integrating Water Aspects into Forest/Vegetation Restoration in Dryland Areas in China

Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.

Evaluation of Data Replacement Strategies for CASTNET Dry Deposition Modeling

The U.S. EPA （Environmental Protection Agency） established the CASTNET （Clean Air Status and Trends Network） and its predecessor, the NDDN （national dry deposition network）, as national air quality and meteorological monitoring networks. Both CASTNET and NDDN were designed to measure concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen gases and particles. Both networks also estimate dry deposition using an inferential model. The design was based on the concept that atmospheric dry deposition flux could be estimated as the product of a measured air pollutant concentration and a modeled deposition velocity （Vd）. The MLM （multi-layer model）, the computer model used to simulate dry deposition, requires information on meteorological conditions and vegetative cover as model input. The MLM calculates hourly Fa for each pollutant, but any missing meteorological data for an hour renders Vd missing for that hour. Because of percent completeness requirements for aggregating data for long-term estimates, annual deposition rates for some sites are not always available primarily because of missing or invalid meteorological input data. In this work, three methods for replacing missing on-site measurements are investigated. These include （1） using historical values of deposition velocity or （2） historical meteorological measurements from the site being modeled or （3） current meteorological data from nearby sites to substitute for missing inputs and thereby improve data completeness for the network＇s dry deposition estimates. Results for a CASTNET site used to test the methods show promise for using historical measurements of weekly average meteorological parameters.

挽黄芳久先生四首

进履成虚愿。称觞甫二年。公八十晋一余寿诗有云但愿随公二十年年年为公来进展赤虬仙驭去。白鹿讲台悬。忍以邪衾殓。空余秘笈传。不堪耆旧会。相继陨三贤。壬申广石老人招集十老会公居首余殿焉自曹讷菴张益生逝世公又继之盖不胜山阳之感矣干略兼文武。英姿晚更雄。谈经推五鹿。说剑却千熊。蓊蔚将军树。飞腾太守骢。怕闻优孟语。穷老泣飘蓬。平生湖海气。白首未曾除。肺腑亲屠狗。江山付蹇驴。室家千里外。风雨一楼余。

关爱南海之“肾”——红树林

红树林是生长在我国华南地区沿海滩涂上的一种主要由红树植物组成的木本植物群落,它们并不起眼：树木不够挺拔,没有参天的高度,枝干略显纤细,林中泥土又黑又臭……可是,这些貌似瘦弱的树木却被冠以＂海上森林＂和＂海岸卫士＂等美名。 在我国华南地区的沿海滩涂上,生长着一种主要由红树植物组成的木本植物群落——红树林。乍一看,这种树林并不起眼：树木不够挺拔,没有参天的高度,枝干略显纤细,林中泥土又黑又臭……可是,这些貌似瘦弱的树木却被冠以＂海上森林＂和＂海岸卫士＂等美名。

A Case Study of the English Teachers' Burnout in a Medical University in China

Many College English teachers complain about work stress. To learn about the actual burnout situation and to seek intervention, a questionnaire survey and written interviews were conducted in a medical university in China. The results of the survey suggest that 29.73% of the participants experienced burnout. No significant differences were found in the aspects of the gender and educational background. However, older teachers experienced significantly more intense reduced personal accomplishment while more-experienced teachers reported significantly more intense depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Similarly, participants with higher professional titles experienced much more intense depersonalization. Meanwhile, the results of the interviews indicate four causes of burnout： factors related to the job, students, management and teacher development. Internal and external moderations are categorized as the burnout reducers. As for intervention, teachers and the organization should work together to reduce the burnout syndrome.

《松柏盆景》连载(二) 松柏盆景款式及制作

松柏盆景是自然松柏树木优美姿态的艺术再现,而不是自然界树木的模仿。自然界中的松柏树木虽然千姿百态,但就某株树木来讲,很难达到人们的理想。因此就要对树木进行艺术加工,去丑留美,把自然美和艺术美融为一体,成为具有较高观赏价值的松怕盆景。盆景艺术经过1 000余年的发展,其款式有很多,本章主要介绍1 5种款式的盆景制作,并且每个过程都配有详细手绘图。

The Physical and Psychological Mechanisms of Educational Inequality and Intervention Strategies: The Case of Migrant Workers' Children

Using multiple methods including questionnaires, in-depth interviews, participant observation and field experiments, we have identified two social-psychological mechanisms in educational inequality： the self-fulfilling prophecy ofparentaI expectations at home and the threat of stereotyping encountered at school. The physical mechanism of educational inequality is manifested in the poor health of migrant workers＇ children and their devalued behavior. Targeting these physical and psychological mechanisms, we have designed two simple but effective intervention strategies to raise the children＇s academic achievement： passing on the incremental theory of intelligence and establishing a multiple assessment system. These intervention strategies effectively improved the children＇s academic performance, increased their identification with learning, and lowered the stereotype threat. It is hoped that these strategies can be applied to the new generation of migrant workers entering the labor market.

Recent advances in active control of turbulent boundary layers

In this article,we review the recent progress in active control of a turbulent boundary layer for skin-friction drag reduction.Near-wall coherent structures,which are closely associated with large skin-friction drag and are thus often the target to be manipulated,are discussed briefly,providing a rationale of various control strategies.Open-and closed-loop controls are extensively reviewed,largely focusing on techniques and drag-reduction mechanisms.Finally,some concluding remarks are given.

Multi-stemming strategies of Quercus glauca in an evergreen broad-leaved forest: when and where

Aims Multi-stemming supports plants’resilience to disturbances and then contributes to soil stabilization and forest function,especially in mountain habitats.Many questions remain about(i)the ontogenetic phase at which multiple stems can occur,(ii)how habitat drivers affect multi-stemming and(iii)whether ontogenetic phase and habitat drivers interact.We asked these questions for Quercus glauca(ring-cupped oak),the dominant species and sprouter across large warm-temperate areas of Asia;its multi-stemmed trees reflect individual survival,population regeneration and forest ecosystem stability.Methods In a 5-ha permanent plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China,we examined the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of multi-stemmed trees of Q.glauca within 99 quadrats of 20 m×20 m.Important Findings There were three temporal modes for multi-stemming among the Q.glauca trees and most of them appeared to produce multiple stems from an early stage.Environmental disturbances related to slope convexity appear to be the main drivers of multi-stemming of Q.glauca.Moreover,the closer to the ridge,the earlier the multi-stemming occurs.Thus,also for other woody species in other forests and climate zones,ontogeny and environmental drivers promoting disturbance(not only geomorphology,but also extreme weather events,soil drought,fire),as well as soil fertility,need to be considered in combination to better understand multi-stemming and its consequences for community structure.

KSHV strategies for host dsDNA sensing machinery

The innate immune system utilizes pattern recognition receptors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)to sense cytosolic double-stranded(ds) DNA and initiate type 1 interferon signaling and autophagy pathway, which collaborate to limit pathogen infections as well as alarm the adaptive immune response. The genomes of herpesviruses are large dsDNA, which represent a major class of pathogen signatures recognized by cellular DNA sensor cGAS. However, to successfully establish the persistent infection, herpesviruses have evolved their viral genes to modulate different aspects of host immune signaling. This review summarizes the evasion strategies of host cGAS DNA sensing pathway by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus(KSHV) and their contributions to KSHV life cycles.

Hybrid coordinated strategy of downlink coordinated multi-point transmission

Coordinated multi-point （CoMP） transmission is put forward in the long term evolution-advanced （LTE-A） system to improve both average and cell-edge throughput. CoMP-joint pro- cessing （JP） scheme can get a larger cell-edge throughput and a lower bit error rate （BER） than the CoMP-coordinated beamform- ing （CB） scheme, but it also has higher complexity due to data sharing. A hybrid coordinated strategy with parameter c~, which indicates the proportion of users employing the CoMP-JP scheme, is proposed to apply the CoMP-JP scheme to improve the poorer communication quality of cell edge and employ the CoMP-CB scheme for other users to enhance average throughput and spec- tral efficiency. This paradigm selects users defined by the certain threshold of signal to interference plus noise power ratio （SINR） corresponding to the parameter a to the CoMP-JP scheme. This paper compares the BER performance between the block diag- onalization （BD） based precoding and the linear precoders by maximizing signal to leakage and noise ratio （SLNR）, and also in- dicates that the SLNR based precoding algorithm gets lower BER than the BD based precoding algorithm with certain signal-to-noise ratios （SNRs）. Finally, this paper discusses that the system perfor- mance is partially affected by the percentage of CoMP-JP users and concludes that 50% of users sorted to communicate under the CoMP-JP scheme will reach the best system performance.

BED-CEIA估计HIV-1新近感染率的有效性及其影响因素的评价

在艾滋病流行病学研究中,衡量艾滋病流行趋势最常用的指标是HIV累积感染率和新近感染率.与累积感染率相比,新近感染率对艾滋病流行趋势预测、干预效果评价以及防制策略的制定等能提供更直接的信息.在获取新近感染率的方法中,除了经典的流行病学队列随访方法,目前普遍使用的血清学方法之一是IgG捕获BED酶联免疫法（BED-CEIA）.2001年,美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）艾滋病免疫和诊断室评估了16种基于不同抗体和原理的HIV-1新近感染检测方法,发现新近感染者与既往感染者相比,各种抗体滴度均较低;其中gp41抗体滴度在新近感染者和既往感染者中的差别最大,两者的滴度区间几乎没有重叠,新近感染者的gp41抗体亲和力低于既往感染者,从而认为gp41抗体能够区分新近感染者和既往感染者,并且酶联免疫实验操作相对简单、效果也较理想,因此该室着手开发基于gp41抗体的HIV-1新近感染检测的酶联免疫方法[1].