新疆平原土壤发生分类与系统分类的参比

为给新疆土壤系统科学分类提供依据,分析了新疆平原土壤的分布特点,并根据成土条件,比较了新疆平原土壤在中国土壤发生分类和系统分类中的地位、分类依据和名称差异,对在系统分类中出现的干旱表层、钙积土与荒漠土的区分等问题进行了讨论。

流域上游基岩与下游冲积平原土壤化学组成的对比

对海河水系流域、鄱阳湖水系流域上游的基岩与下游的冲积平原土壤之间化学组成的对比研究显示,下游冲积物土壤的化学组成明显地受源岩成分、形成过程和形成环境的影响。流域上游基岩的一些特征元素在冲积物土壤中被明显地继承,如海河流域基岩和土壤中的CO2、CaO、MgO、FeO、Sr,鄱阳湖流域基岩和土壤中的W、Sn、Bi、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Tl、As、Sb、Se、Hg、Nb、Ta、Hf、B、Be、Ge、Pt、Pd、Y。受形成过程和形成环境的影响,处于暖温带半湿润季风气候下的海河流域冲积平原土壤以极富集CO2、CaO、Na2O、Cl,显著富集MgO、FeO、Sr,富集P、S为特征;而处于亚热带湿润季风气候下的鄱阳湖流域冲积平原土壤则以显著富集Hg、Se和富集Al2O3、Fe2O3、H2O+、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Cs、Tl、Li、Be、B、Ga、Ge、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、As、Sb、Co、Cr、Ti、V、Zn、Pt、Pd、REE、Y为特征。无论是海河流域还是鄱阳湖流域的冲积平原土壤,均富集As、Sb、Hg、B、Cl、W、Sn、Bi、Pb、Se、Ge、Li、Cs、Cu、Au、Fe2O3、V、Cr、Ni、Zr、Hf、Y。

成都平原土壤系统分类典型土系划分

运用国际土壤系统分类的有关原理和方法 ,选择土层特征、土壤基本特性和土壤矿物学特性这三类指标作为成都平原典型土系划分的依据 ,重点概述了蒲江样区的光明系、敦厚系两个土系。研究表明 :新的土壤基层分类根据土壤本身的属性 ,以诊断层和诊断特性作为诊断指标 ,因而具有定量化、标准化、国际化和实用化的特点 。

中国土壤系统分类在浙江省平原旱地土壤分类中的应用

本文应用《中国土壤系统分类（修订方案）》的诊断层和诊断特性，探讨了浙江省平原旱地土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属，并比较了中国土壤系统分类和发生分类对本区土壤划分的异同，最后提出了一些建议。

银川平原土壤氧化还原特性的研究

测定淡灰钙土、潮土、盐土、沼泽土和灌淤土等主要土壤类型的还原性物质总量和氧化还原电位后，将土壤分成氧化、氧化还原和还原三类。

三江平原的土壤养分资源

三江平原位于我国黑龙江省东部,松花江、乌苏里江、黑龙江汇合处,是一片广阔的、低平的沼泽化冲积平原。 三江平原成土条件差异很大,土壤类型比较复杂,可分为5个大土类(表1),近30余亚类或土种,另外还有泛滥地与少量的苏打盐土。

利用松嫩平原黑土带富硒富锗区土地资源为当地经济服务

黑龙江省两年来通过对松嫩平原南部区农业地质调查工作，获取了大量有关松嫩平原土壤环境状况的分析数据。通过对这些数据进行初步分析整理，在松嫩平原黑土带中首次发现了4处富硒区域和2处富锗区域的土壤，这对极为缺硒、缺锗的松嫩平原黑土农业经济的发展起着重要的作用。如何充分利用好这一资源优势，大力发展特色农业，提高农产品的附加值等问题，是目前摆在我们面前的一项重要课题。

鹤岗地区土壤耕作模式探讨

总结鹤岗地区土壤耕作模式,包括平原易旱区土壤耕作模式、冷凉低湿易涝区土壤耕作模式、丘陵漫岗土壤耕作模式、水稻田土壤耕作模式,以提高鹤岗地区农业发展水平。

种植碱茅草改良盐碱地的作用

1内蒙古河套平原土壤类型河套平原位于内蒙古包头以西,黄河北岸的巴彦淖尔5个旗县以及黄河南岸的鄂尔多斯达拉特旗少部土地。河套平原土壤是长期受地下水和灌溉形成的隐域性土壤,有灌淤土、盐土、碱土和风沙土4类,其土粒细小,湿时粘重,干时龟裂。

Soil Carbon Balance in a Native Temperate Grassland in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia

Based on historical data and field investigation, some major fluxes and reserves of carbon were estimated, and a tentative analysis of the soil carbon balance was made in a native grassland community in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia. Major results were reported as follows: 1) Annual average carbon input from above-ground biomass production was 79.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and from root biomass to 30 cm. depth averaged 311.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). The summed mean annual carbon input of shoot and root materials in the study site was approximately 391.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 2) The annual amount of above-ground biomass consumed by insects averaged 14.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the carbon output by leaching or light-chemical oxidation was 3.2 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1) The annual evolution rate of CO2 from net soil respiration averaged 346.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the summed mean annual output was approximately 364.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 3) A mature, steady-state system could be assumed for the community for which growth and decay were approximately in balance, with a net carbon accumulation of about 26.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). Based on the soil organic carbon density of the field, the turnover Irate of soil carbon in 0 - 30 cm depth was calculated to be 6.2%, with a turnover time of 16 years.

靖江香沙芋——马洲栗芋甲天下 粉糯甘辛香袭人

香沙芋属多子芋类,是冲积平原的特有产品,主要分布在江苏靖江、启东、海门等地区.而靖江香沙芋作为其中的佼佼者,是靖江农民精心选育而成的一种优良地方芋头品种,距今已有800多a的栽培历史,是靖江市著名特产之一.受益于靖江独特的地理、气候条件和冲积平原土壤所含有的丰富有机质,

智利:鳄梨在中国市场出口量逐年增长

智利是世界最大的鳄梨出口商之一,由于智利鳄梨品质高,近年来已在中国的商店和餐桌上有了一席之地。鳄梨是一种奶油水果,产自智利中部和北部的山谷,那里具有优越的气候条件和肥沃的平原土壤,对鳄梨的种植非常有利。

厌氧细菌去除家畜废水中的氮

美国农业部的农业研究服务中心（ARs）说他们正用少见的厌氧细菌去除家畜废水中的氨．在南卡罗亚纳州ARS的海岸带平原土壤、水和植物研究中心，土壤科学家Matias Vanotti和Ariel Szogi进行试验，用厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）方法，使用细菌将亚硝酸盐和氨转化为无害的氮．目的是开发经济有效的方法从家畜废水中去除氨．

新植火炬松对除草剂和氮肥的反应

新植火炬松对于种植时施用氮肥通常没有反应,部分原因是施肥处理往往增加了杂草与林木的竞争。不过,通过施肥有使松树加速占领林地,减少阔叶树的竞争,以及缩短轮伐期等的可能性,所以此种处理仍能引起很大兴趣。通过施用氮肥促进新植火炬松生长的关键是抑制杂草。植物之间的竞争引起新植松树水分紧张。因此,有必要进行在种植时使用除草剂与氮肥相结合的试验。

借石攻玉

冀中平原土壤肥沃,雨量充足,是全国优质小麦产区。为了充分利用这一资源优势,1984年,辛集市供销社决定由市区供销社和城北供销社联资创建精粉厂。

和龙市发展特色农业掠影

长白山下田园梦,海兰江畔好风光。近年来,和龙市大力发展特色农业,有力促进了农村经济增长。"特"在品牌——"贡米珍品"名扬天下和龙市地处长白山腹地,图们江源头,属中温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,地处北纬42度——世界水稻黄金生产带,光照充分温差大,利于粮食作物营养积累;海兰江蜿蜒流过,水量充沛水质纯净;全州独一份的"平岗绿洲"大平原土壤肥沃。

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain

In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen （N） supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N （TN） and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.

Effect of Freezing and Thawing on Ammonium Adsorption in Dryland Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of freezing and thawing on ammonium adsorption in dryland soil. [Method] The lab simulation test was conducted to study the effect of freeze-thaw action on the total adsorbed amount of ammonium （deionized water extract） and strongly-adsorbed amount of ammonium （0.01 mol/L KCl solution extract） in the dryland soil of Sanjiang Plain. [Result] Compared with linear equation, Freundlich equation could better fit the total adsorbed amount of ammonium in dryland soil （R 2 0.99, SE1.69）. The freeze-thaw action almost had no influence on the total adsorbed amount of ammonium. When the initial concentration of NH 4 ＋ increased from 0 to 200 mg/L, the total adsorbed NH 4 ＋ amount increased from -0.52 to 39.0 mg/kg under freeze-thaw treatment （FTT）, while it increased from -0.70 to 38.5 mg/kg under unfreeze-thaw treatment （UFTT）. However, the strongly-adsorbed amount of ammonium presented linear relationship with the concentration of NH 4 ＋ （R 2 0.99, SE0.54）, and the strongly-adsorbed amount of ammonium increased significantly by FTT. When the initial concentration of NH 4 ＋ increased from 0 to 200 mg/L, the strongly adsorbed amount increased linearly from 2.36 to 28.81 mg/kg for FTT and from -4.25 to 25.12 mg/kg for UFTT. The freezethaw action decreases the concentration of NH 4 ＋ in soil solution when the net strongly-adsorbed NH 4 ＋ in soil is zero., therefore, FTT helped to reduce the leaching of ammonium ions in soil. Freeze-thaw action mainly influenced the exchangeable adsorbed NH 4 ＋ in soil. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for preventing excessive soil nitrogen from entering into water body and controlling water entrophication.

Changes of Soil Labile Organic Carbon in Different Land Uses in Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province

In the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,the natural wetland is undergoing a rapid conversion into agricultural land,which has resulted in drastic ecological changes in the region. To investigate the effects of different land uses on soil labile organic carbon,soils of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland,Carex lasiocarpa wetland,dry farmland,paddy field,forest land and abandoned cultivated land were collected for measuring the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC),dissolved organic carbon (DOC),readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) and carbohydrate carbon (CHC). The results show that soil organic carbon contents follow the order: Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland>forest land>paddy field>dry farmland. The contents of MBC and DOC in Calamagrostis angustifolia and Carex lasiocarpa wetlands are significantly higher than those in other land use types. The contents of CHC and ROC are the highest in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland and the lowest in dry farmland. The contents of all the labile organic carbon increase along with the years of abandonment of cultivated land. The ratios of MBC,DOC and ROC to SOC also follow the order: Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland>forest land>paddy field>dry farmland,while the ratio of CHC to SOC is paddy field>forest field>Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Carex lasiocarpa wetland>dry farmland. When natural wetlands were cultivated,the activity of soil organic carbon tends to reduce in some extent due to the disappearance of heterotrophic environment and the reduction of vegetation residue. Thus,the abandonment of cultivated land is an effective way for restoring soil organic carbon.

Effect of Reclamation on Soil Environment in Sanjiang Plain

Soil environment in Sanjiang Plain has changed greatly because of the reclamation on a large scale.The physical and chemical properties of soil have changed, and soil erosion, soil saline-alkalization and soil pollution occurred in some areas. These problems have obstructed the sustainable development of agriculture. For the sustainable use of soils in Sanjiang Plain, in this paper we raise some suggestions and countermeasures which might be references for experts and departments concerned.