Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, s...Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions （30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h： 12h LD）. The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females （11.36±1.85 days） is shorter than that of males （15.14 ±2.4 days）. The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time （28.35± 3.36 days） and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time （37.92 ± 3.92 days）.展开更多
Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NA...Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NASA/NCAR global model FvGCM/CCM3. Two sets of simulations were conducted at 20-km grid spacings, one for present day (1961-1990) and one for the future climate (2071-2100, IPCC A2 scenario). Simulations of present climate conditions over China by RegCM3 and FvGCM were compared against observations to assess the model performance. Results showed that both models repro- duced the observed spatial structure of 500 hPa height, surface air temperature and precipitation. Compared with FvGCM, RegCM3 provided increasing spatial detail of surface variables. Furthermore, RegCM3 improved the simulation of monsoon precipitation over the region. Changes in the mean temperature and precipitation were analyzed and compared between the two models. Significant warming in the end of the 21st century was simulated by both models in December-January-February (DJF), June-July-August (JJA), and the annual mean. In DJF, greater warming was simulated by FvGCM over Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, compared with RegCM. In JJA, RegCM3 simulated greater warming over northern China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Simulated changes in DJF precipitation showed similar spatial patterns between the two models. In JJA, while FvGCM projected a prevailing increase of monsoon precipitation over China, which is in agreement with other global models, RegCM3 projected extended areas of decreased precipitation. Changes in the variability for annual mean temperature and precipitation also are presented.展开更多
基金Supported by NSF of China(11201213,11371183)NSF of Shandong Province(ZR2015AM026,ZR2013AM004)the Project of Shandong Provincial Higher Educational Science and Technology(J15LI07)
文摘Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions （30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h： 12h LD）. The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females （11.36±1.85 days） is shorter than that of males （15.14 ±2.4 days）. The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time （28.35± 3.36 days） and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time （37.92 ± 3.92 days）.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421407)the R & D Special Fund for Public Welfare (Grant Nos. Industry Meteorology-GYHY200806010 and Forestry-200804001)
文摘Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NASA/NCAR global model FvGCM/CCM3. Two sets of simulations were conducted at 20-km grid spacings, one for present day (1961-1990) and one for the future climate (2071-2100, IPCC A2 scenario). Simulations of present climate conditions over China by RegCM3 and FvGCM were compared against observations to assess the model performance. Results showed that both models repro- duced the observed spatial structure of 500 hPa height, surface air temperature and precipitation. Compared with FvGCM, RegCM3 provided increasing spatial detail of surface variables. Furthermore, RegCM3 improved the simulation of monsoon precipitation over the region. Changes in the mean temperature and precipitation were analyzed and compared between the two models. Significant warming in the end of the 21st century was simulated by both models in December-January-February (DJF), June-July-August (JJA), and the annual mean. In DJF, greater warming was simulated by FvGCM over Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, compared with RegCM. In JJA, RegCM3 simulated greater warming over northern China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Simulated changes in DJF precipitation showed similar spatial patterns between the two models. In JJA, while FvGCM projected a prevailing increase of monsoon precipitation over China, which is in agreement with other global models, RegCM3 projected extended areas of decreased precipitation. Changes in the variability for annual mean temperature and precipitation also are presented.
