深度剖析化学平衡移动与混合气体平均式量的变化关系

对由化学平衡移动引起反应体系内各物理量变化的考察一直是高考的热点和难点,要求学生具有较强的逻辑思维能力和数学运算能力。本文着重讨论了在有非气态物质参与情况下的平衡体系中,化学平衡移动对混合气体平均式量的影响。本文以mA(s/l)+nB(g)?pC(g)+qD(g)[n<p+q]为研究对象,运用了数学定量分析和化学定性分析的方法讨论了化学平衡右移时,混合气体平均式量的变化情况,得出■_新必在■_原和■_改之间。

事半功倍话差量计算法

所谓“差量”是指反应前后相同状态（指s、g、l三态）的物质的某种物理量的差，这种物理量可以是质量、物质的量、体积、压强、密度、平均式量等。差量计算法是指利用这些量的差值进行计算的一种简便快捷的方法，下面我们来领略一下它的神奇功能。

用平均值法解混合物组成题浅析

一、平均值法解题的依据-平均相对分子质量 混合物并无相对分子质量可言，为便于解决问题，可将其视为纯净物，各组分相对分子质最的平均值，即平均相对分子质量，，例如有相互不发生反应的A、B两种物质组成的混合物，假定其组分的卡日计分子质量分别为MA和MB（MA〉MB），该混合物平均相对分子质量M的值必介于MA和MB之间，且有MA〉M〉MB。此规律可推广为平均式量、半均分子组成（即平均分子式），平均提供lmnl某微粒的混合物质量等来应用。

确定有机混合物组成的方法

确定有机物的组成是研究有机物结构的基础,把常见确定有机物组成的常见方法进行了归纳,供参考.

Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea

The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea(SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation(MCC) method.Significant mesoscale signals propagate along two major bands of high variability.The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait,characterized by southwestward eddy propagation.Although eddies are the most active in winter,their southwestward migrations,steered by bathymetry,occur throughout the year.Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating speed.The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional direction.Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn.This southward eddy pathway could not be explained by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects.Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS.

Regional Climate Change and Uncertainty Analysis based on Four Regional Climate Model Simulations over China

Four sets of climate change simulations at grid spacing of 50 km were conducted over East Asia with two regional climate models driven at the lateral bounda- ries by two global models for the period 1981-2050. The locus of the study was on the ensemble projection of cli- mate change in the mid-21st century （2031-50） over China. Validation of each simulation and the ensemble average showed good performances of the models overall, as well as advantages of the ensemble in reproducing present day （1981 2000） December-February （DJF）, June-August （JJA）, and annual （ANN） mean temperature and precipitation. Significant wanning was projected for the mid-21st century, with larger values of temperature increase found in the northern part of China and in the cold seasons. The ensemble average changes of precipitation in DJF, JJA, and ANN were determined, and the uncertainties of the projected changes analyzed based on the consistencies of the simulations. It was concluded that the largest uncertainties in precipitation projection are in eastern China during the summer season （monsoon pre-cipitation）.

Automatically Constructing an Effective Domain Ontology for Document Classification

An effective domain ontology automatically constructed is proposed in this paper. The main concept is using the Formal Concept Analysis to automatically establish domain ontology. Finally, the ontology is acted as the base for the Naive Bayes classifier to approve the effectiveness of the domain ontology for document classification. The 1752 documents divided into 10 categories are used to assess the effectiveness of the ontology, where 1252 and 500 documents are the training and testing documents, respectively. The Fl-measure is as the assessment criteria and the following three results are obtained. The average recall of Naive Bayes classifier is 0.94. Therefore, in recall, the performance of Naive Bayes classifier is excellent based on the automatically constructed ontology. The average precision of Naive Bayes classifier is 0.81. Therefore, in precision, the performance of Naive Bayes classifier is gored based on the automatically constructed ontology. The average Fl-measure for 10 categories by Naive Bayes classifier is 0.86. Therefore, the performance of Naive Bayes classifier is effective based on the automatically constructed ontology in the point of F 1-measure. Thus, the domain ontology automatically constructed could indeed be acted as the document categories to reach the effectiveness for document classification.

Recent Changes of Northern Indian Ocean Summer Rainfall Based on CMIP5 Multi-Model

This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs) are analyzed. The Multi-Model ensemble (MME) of the CMIP5 models well reproduces the general feature of NIO summer rainfall. For a short period 1979?2005, 14 out of 20 models show an increased trend in the mean rainfall and a similar spatial distri-bution to the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations in MME. The increasing of the convergence in the equatorial IO results in the increase of rainfall significantly. The equatorial rainfall trend patterns seem modulated by the SST warm-ing in the tropical Indian Ocean, which confirm the mechanism of 'warmer-get-wetter' theory. For a long period 1950?2005, the trend of monsoon rainfall over India shows a decrease over the most parts of the India except an increase over the south corn er of the Indian Peninsula, due to a weakened summer monsoon circulation. The pattern is well simulated in half of the CMIP5 models. The rainfall over the north India is different for a short period, in which rainfall increases in 1979?2005, implying possible decadal varia-tion in the NIO summer climate.

Impact of Climate Change on Regional Hydroclimate Projection in Peninsular Malaysia

For the assessment of the impact of future climate change on the hydrologic regime and water resources of Peninsular Malaysia, it is necessary to downscale the climate change simulations of a coarse scale General Circulation Model to the region of Peninsular Malaysia at fine grid resolution. This paper presents a desktop review of the state of climate change parameters, namely rainfall and river flow over the Peninsular Malaysia for the 2041-2050 projection period. Analysis of the results from the models shows there will be a substantial increase in mean monthly precipitation over the North East Coastal region from historical 259.5 mm to 281.5 mm, from 289.0 mm to 299.0 mm and 221.8 mm to 239.5 mm over Terengganu and Kelantan, respectively. Meanwhile, for river flow projection, it will be an expected increase in interannual and intraseasonal variability with increased hydrologic extremes （higher high flows, and lower low flows） at Kelantan, Pahang, Terengganu, and Kedah watersheds in the future.

Delayed Seasonal Transition of Tropical Wave Activity in the CMIP3 Global Climate Models

This study evaluates the seasonal cycle of the activity of convectively coupled equatorial waves(CCEWs),including mixed Rossby-gravity(MRG) and tropical depression-type(TD-type) waves,based on the twentieth century experiments of 18 global climate models(GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3(CMIP3).The ensemble result of the 18 GCMs shows that the observed seasonal cycle of MRG and TD-type wave activity cannot be well reproduced.The seasonal transition of wave activity from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere is delayed from April in the observations to May in the simulations,indicating that the simulated active season of tropical waves in the northern hemisphere is delayed and shortened.This delayed seasonal transition of tropical wave activity is associated with a delayed seasonal transition of simulated mean precipitation.The mean precipitation in April and May shows a double-ITCZ problem,and the horizontal resolution is important to the delayed seasonal transition of wave activity.Because of the coincident seasonal cycle of MRG and TD-type wave activity and tropical cyclone(TC) geneses,the delayed seasonal transition of wave activity may imply a similar problem of TC genesis in the GCMs,namely,a delayed and shortened TC season in the northern hemisphere.

C-Totally Real Submanifolds with Parallel Mean Curvature Vector of Sasakian Space Form

We have discussed the C-totally real subrnanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector of Sasakian space form, obtained a formula of J.Simons type, and improved one result of S.Yamaguchi.

化学平衡计算的解法

化学平衡计算常见的题型有求起始浓度、平衡浓度和转化率的计算，以及由此引伸的求平衡体系的压强、密度、平均式量等有关的计算。要掌握化学平衡的计算，关键是掌握有关的基本概念及上述这些量间的关系，并按一定的思维和程序列式求解，那么如何求解呢？

The Saturation of Several Universal Inequalities in Information-Processing

In this paper, we characterize the saturation of four universal inequalities in quantum information theory, including a variant version of strong subadditivity inequality for von Neumann entropy, the coherent information inequality, the Holevo quantity, and average entropy inequalities. These results shed new light on quantum information inequalities.