贫血是终末期肾病患者常见的并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。重组人促红细胞生成素（recombinant human erythropietin,r-HuEPO）和铁剂的临床应用,已显著改善了大部分终末期肾病患者的贫血状态,明显改善患者生存率及生活质量,但有研...贫血是终末期肾病患者常见的并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。重组人促红细胞生成素（recombinant human erythropietin,r-HuEPO）和铁剂的临床应用,已显著改善了大部分终末期肾病患者的贫血状态,明显改善患者生存率及生活质量,但有研究报道大约10%患者仍表现为难治性贫血,目前认为这与机体微炎性反应状态有关。展开更多
慢性肾功能不全病人常有心室壁肥厚、心脏扩大,心功能不全,50%以上的病人死于心脏并发症。引起上述改变的因素很多,贫血是重要因素之一。近年来国外开始应用重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,r-HuEPO)治疗慢性肾...慢性肾功能不全病人常有心室壁肥厚、心脏扩大,心功能不全,50%以上的病人死于心脏并发症。引起上述改变的因素很多,贫血是重要因素之一。近年来国外开始应用重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,r-HuEPO)治疗慢性肾功能不全贫血,并获得满意效果,但对于贫血纠正后心脏情况的研究尚很少。现将我们的资料总结如下。展开更多
Reservoirs can be developed in the sediment gravity flows.However,high quality reservoirs are found widespread in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Characteristics...Reservoirs can be developed in the sediment gravity flows.However,high quality reservoirs are found widespread in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Characteristics and formation of these reservoirs are key problems to be solved.Through comprehensive analysis of thin section petrography,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction,two distinct rules were obtained.1) These high quality reservoirs have apparent characteristics:lithology consists mainly of medium-fine grained sands; moderately-well sorted and rounded; intergranular pores dominating >70% of the entire pores,surface per unit pore volume reaches 15%; average porosity is 21% and average permeability is 55×10-3 μm2.2) Types of sedimentary microfacies and dissolution strongly control on the formation of high quality reservoirs.Main channels and sandy braided bars have the best reservoir properties.Because that sediments are mainly medium-fine grained sands in high-energy environments.The favorable primary porosity and permeability may promote calcite cementation and help to produce more secondary pores.Besides,at the depth of 2500-3200 m,basically matching threshold of oil generation,organic acid expelled when organic matter became mature,and H+ released during clay mineral transformation.These both result in the dissolution of calcite cements and create large volume pores,then physical properties improve correspondingly.Moreover,deep hydrothermal fluid intrusion may also have impacts on the development of secondary pores.展开更多
Nine targets which stand both for the static characteristic of produced formations and the dynamic parameter of wells including the average permeability,variation coefficient of permeability,moving capability,remainin...Nine targets which stand both for the static characteristic of produced formations and the dynamic parameter of wells including the average permeability,variation coefficient of permeability,moving capability,remaining recoverable reserves,coefficient of flooding,daily oil production,increasing rate of water cut,cumulative liquid production per unit meter and efficiency index of oil production are selected as the evaluation indexes,a novel model to evaluate the porous formations in long-term waterflooding sand reservoir was established by using the support vector machine and clustering analysis. Data of 57 wells from Shentuo 21 block Shengli oilfield was analyzed by using the model. Four kinds of formation groups were gained. According to the analysis result,different adjustment solutions were put forward to develop the relevant formations. The Monthly oil production increased 7.6 % and the water cut decreased 8.9 % after the adjusted solutions. Good results indicate that the learning from this method gained will be valuable adding to other long-term waterflooding sand reservoirs in Shengli oilfield and other similar reservoirs worldwide.展开更多
One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabiliti...One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.展开更多
Yangbajing (YBJ) is located in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The characteristics of solar radiation and its relationship with clouds at YBJ from April 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in this paper. The annual mean sola...Yangbajing (YBJ) is located in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The characteristics of solar radiation and its relationship with clouds at YBJ from April 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in this paper. The annual mean solar radiation was 478.4 W m 2 , and the annual mean transmittance was 0.713. The atmospheric mean trans- mittance of clear skies reaches 0.828 when the solar elevation angle (SEA) is greater than 10 degrees. Comparisons with numerical simulations show that the atmosphere of YBJ is clean. Impacts from atmospheric conditions on solar radiation are similar for clear skies during the year because the standard deviation of transmittance in clear skies was less than 0.05 when the SEA was greater than 10 degrees. It is important to understand the impact of clouds on solar radiation without considering other impact factors. In the last part of this article, the authors analyzed and established a statistical quantitative relationship between surface solar radiation and cloud fraction.展开更多
文摘贫血是终末期肾病患者常见的并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。重组人促红细胞生成素（recombinant human erythropietin,r-HuEPO）和铁剂的临床应用,已显著改善了大部分终末期肾病患者的贫血状态,明显改善患者生存率及生活质量,但有研究报道大约10%患者仍表现为难治性贫血,目前认为这与机体微炎性反应状态有关。
文摘慢性肾功能不全病人常有心室壁肥厚、心脏扩大,心功能不全,50%以上的病人死于心脏并发症。引起上述改变的因素很多,贫血是重要因素之一。近年来国外开始应用重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,r-HuEPO)治疗慢性肾功能不全贫血,并获得满意效果,但对于贫血纠正后心脏情况的研究尚很少。现将我们的资料总结如下。
基金Project(2006CB202300)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Reservoirs can be developed in the sediment gravity flows.However,high quality reservoirs are found widespread in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Characteristics and formation of these reservoirs are key problems to be solved.Through comprehensive analysis of thin section petrography,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction,two distinct rules were obtained.1) These high quality reservoirs have apparent characteristics:lithology consists mainly of medium-fine grained sands; moderately-well sorted and rounded; intergranular pores dominating >70% of the entire pores,surface per unit pore volume reaches 15%; average porosity is 21% and average permeability is 55×10-3 μm2.2) Types of sedimentary microfacies and dissolution strongly control on the formation of high quality reservoirs.Main channels and sandy braided bars have the best reservoir properties.Because that sediments are mainly medium-fine grained sands in high-energy environments.The favorable primary porosity and permeability may promote calcite cementation and help to produce more secondary pores.Besides,at the depth of 2500-3200 m,basically matching threshold of oil generation,organic acid expelled when organic matter became mature,and H+ released during clay mineral transformation.These both result in the dissolution of calcite cements and create large volume pores,then physical properties improve correspondingly.Moreover,deep hydrothermal fluid intrusion may also have impacts on the development of secondary pores.
基金supported by funds from the Key Pro-ject of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (863 Program) under thenumber 2007AA090701the Young and Mid-dle-aged Researchers Innovation and Technology Foun-dation of CNPC under the number 04E7029
文摘Nine targets which stand both for the static characteristic of produced formations and the dynamic parameter of wells including the average permeability,variation coefficient of permeability,moving capability,remaining recoverable reserves,coefficient of flooding,daily oil production,increasing rate of water cut,cumulative liquid production per unit meter and efficiency index of oil production are selected as the evaluation indexes,a novel model to evaluate the porous formations in long-term waterflooding sand reservoir was established by using the support vector machine and clustering analysis. Data of 57 wells from Shentuo 21 block Shengli oilfield was analyzed by using the model. Four kinds of formation groups were gained. According to the analysis result,different adjustment solutions were put forward to develop the relevant formations. The Monthly oil production increased 7.6 % and the water cut decreased 8.9 % after the adjusted solutions. Good results indicate that the learning from this method gained will be valuable adding to other long-term waterflooding sand reservoirs in Shengli oilfield and other similar reservoirs worldwide.
文摘One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.
基金support from the National Special Fund for the Commonweal Industry (Meteorology)of China (Grant No. GYHY200806031)
文摘Yangbajing (YBJ) is located in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The characteristics of solar radiation and its relationship with clouds at YBJ from April 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in this paper. The annual mean solar radiation was 478.4 W m 2 , and the annual mean transmittance was 0.713. The atmospheric mean trans- mittance of clear skies reaches 0.828 when the solar elevation angle (SEA) is greater than 10 degrees. Comparisons with numerical simulations show that the atmosphere of YBJ is clean. Impacts from atmospheric conditions on solar radiation are similar for clear skies during the year because the standard deviation of transmittance in clear skies was less than 0.05 when the SEA was greater than 10 degrees. It is important to understand the impact of clouds on solar radiation without considering other impact factors. In the last part of this article, the authors analyzed and established a statistical quantitative relationship between surface solar radiation and cloud fraction.
