A new version of particle swarm optimization(PSO) called discontinuous flying particle swarm optimization(DFPSO) was proposed,where not all of the particles refreshed their positions and velocities during each iterati...A new version of particle swarm optimization(PSO) called discontinuous flying particle swarm optimization(DFPSO) was proposed,where not all of the particles refreshed their positions and velocities during each iteration step and the probability of each particle in refreshing its position and velocity was dependent on its objective function value.The effect of population size on the results was investigated.The results obtained by DFPSO have an average difference of 6% compared with those by PSO,whereas DFPSO consumes much less evaluations of objective function than PSO does.展开更多
Due to the nature of ultra-short-acting opioid remifentanil of high time-varying,complex compartment model and low-accuracy of plasma concentration prediction,the traditional estimation method of population pharmacoki...Due to the nature of ultra-short-acting opioid remifentanil of high time-varying,complex compartment model and low-accuracy of plasma concentration prediction,the traditional estimation method of population pharmacokinetics parameters,nonlinear mixed effects model(NONMEM),has the abuses of tedious work and plenty of man-made jamming factors.The Elman feedback neural network was built.The relationships between the patients’plasma concentration of remifentanil and time,patient’age,gender,lean body mass,height,body surface area,sampling time,total dose,and injection rate through network training were obtained to predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil,and after that,it was compared with the results of NONMEM algorithm.In conclusion,the average error of Elman network is 6.34%,while that of NONMEM is 18.99%.The absolute average error of Elman network is 27.07%,while that of NONMEM is 38.09%.The experimental results indicate that Elman neural network could predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil rapidly and stably,with high accuracy and low error.For the characteristics of simple principle and fast computing speed,this method is suitable to data analysis of short-acting anesthesia drug population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of itopride vs other drugs(placebo,domperidone,mosapride) for functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of itopride for FD were retrieved from database...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of itopride vs other drugs(placebo,domperidone,mosapride) for functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of itopride for FD were retrieved from databases.Relevant information was extracted and analyzed,using the relative risk(RR) and weighted mean deviation,as appropriate.A random or fixed effect model was used,based on the heterogeneity of the included articles,and visual inspection of funnel plots was used to evaluate publication bias.RESULTS:Nine RCTs enrolling 2620 FD cases were included;1372 cases received itopride treatment and 1248 cases received placebo or other drugs(control groups).Compared with control groups,itopride had superior RR values of 1.11 [95%CI:(1.03,1.19),P = 0.006],1.21 [95%CI:(1.03,1.44),P = 0.02],and1.24 [95%CI:(1.01,1.53),P = 0.04] for global patient assessment,postprandial fullness,and early satiety,respectively.For the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire score,the weighted mean deviation was-1.38 [95%CI:(-1.75,-1.01),P < 0.01].The incidence of adverse effects was similar in the itopride and control groups.The funnel plots for all indicators showed no evidence of publication bias.CONCLUSION:Itopride has good efficacy in terms of global patients assessment,postprandial fullness,and early satiety in the treatment of patients with FD and shows a low rate of adverse reactions.Itopride can greatly improve FD syndromes-score.展开更多
This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids(ILs) at atmospheric pressure(101.3 k Pa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the ...This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids(ILs) at atmospheric pressure(101.3 k Pa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the VLE data for the acetonitrile + water + ILs systems are correlated by salt effect models, Furter model and improved Furter model. The overall average relative deviation of Furter model and improved Furter model is 5.43% and 4.68%, respectively. Thus the salt effect models are applicable for the correlation of IL containing systems. The salting-out effect theory can be used to explain the change of relative volatility of acetonitrile–water system.展开更多
基金Project(50874064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaKey Project(Z2007F10) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘A new version of particle swarm optimization(PSO) called discontinuous flying particle swarm optimization(DFPSO) was proposed,where not all of the particles refreshed their positions and velocities during each iteration step and the probability of each particle in refreshing its position and velocity was dependent on its objective function value.The effect of population size on the results was investigated.The results obtained by DFPSO have an average difference of 6% compared with those by PSO,whereas DFPSO consumes much less evaluations of objective function than PSO does.
基金Project(31200748)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Due to the nature of ultra-short-acting opioid remifentanil of high time-varying,complex compartment model and low-accuracy of plasma concentration prediction,the traditional estimation method of population pharmacokinetics parameters,nonlinear mixed effects model(NONMEM),has the abuses of tedious work and plenty of man-made jamming factors.The Elman feedback neural network was built.The relationships between the patients’plasma concentration of remifentanil and time,patient’age,gender,lean body mass,height,body surface area,sampling time,total dose,and injection rate through network training were obtained to predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil,and after that,it was compared with the results of NONMEM algorithm.In conclusion,the average error of Elman network is 6.34%,while that of NONMEM is 18.99%.The absolute average error of Elman network is 27.07%,while that of NONMEM is 38.09%.The experimental results indicate that Elman neural network could predict the plasma concentration of remifentanil rapidly and stably,with high accuracy and low error.For the characteristics of simple principle and fast computing speed,this method is suitable to data analysis of short-acting anesthesia drug population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No. LY12H29002Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No. 2011ZB032
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of itopride vs other drugs(placebo,domperidone,mosapride) for functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of itopride for FD were retrieved from databases.Relevant information was extracted and analyzed,using the relative risk(RR) and weighted mean deviation,as appropriate.A random or fixed effect model was used,based on the heterogeneity of the included articles,and visual inspection of funnel plots was used to evaluate publication bias.RESULTS:Nine RCTs enrolling 2620 FD cases were included;1372 cases received itopride treatment and 1248 cases received placebo or other drugs(control groups).Compared with control groups,itopride had superior RR values of 1.11 [95%CI:(1.03,1.19),P = 0.006],1.21 [95%CI:(1.03,1.44),P = 0.02],and1.24 [95%CI:(1.01,1.53),P = 0.04] for global patient assessment,postprandial fullness,and early satiety,respectively.For the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire score,the weighted mean deviation was-1.38 [95%CI:(-1.75,-1.01),P < 0.01].The incidence of adverse effects was similar in the itopride and control groups.The funnel plots for all indicators showed no evidence of publication bias.CONCLUSION:Itopride has good efficacy in terms of global patients assessment,postprandial fullness,and early satiety in the treatment of patients with FD and shows a low rate of adverse reactions.Itopride can greatly improve FD syndromes-score.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21306036)the Youth Scholars of Educational Commission of Hebei Province of China(Y2012040)the Joint Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20131317120014)
文摘This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids(ILs) at atmospheric pressure(101.3 k Pa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the VLE data for the acetonitrile + water + ILs systems are correlated by salt effect models, Furter model and improved Furter model. The overall average relative deviation of Furter model and improved Furter model is 5.43% and 4.68%, respectively. Thus the salt effect models are applicable for the correlation of IL containing systems. The salting-out effect theory can be used to explain the change of relative volatility of acetonitrile–water system.
