中小学部分健身类体育器材规格的研究

为实现中小学体育器材规格的科学化与规范化,对中小学健身类器材爬竿、攀网、平梯进行了体育学的理论与实践研究,认为:爬杆高4m,直径3.8cm和高4.5m,直径为4.2cm;攀网高3m,宽2m,顶网长1.5m,网格20cm×20cm和高3.5m,宽2m,顶网长1.5m,网格20cm×20cm;平梯高2.4m,长4m,抓握横杠间隔0.35m,横杠直径3.2cm和高2.6m,长4m,抓握横杠间隔0.35m,横杠直径3.2cm的器材规格分别适用于小学和中学。同时提出,城市中学体育教学应加强学生上肢力量与身体灵巧性训练。

访万元户钟亮华

得知钟亮华成了万元户,我特意访问了他的家。他的家座落在萍乡市彭高公社大星大队的一个小山垅里。依山建房,傍水种田。一口水盈盈的大鱼塘明镜般地相嵌在门前。后山上,杉树、油茶幼林青青。屋右方,三个水平梯地上新种的柑桔成排成行。菜地、饲料地见缝插针,绿菌点点。山水田土,各尽其利,水光山色,相互辉映。我不禁发出了由衷的赞叹:“好个万元户的住所!”主人钟亮华,一个不上二十岁的青年,热情相迎,欢笑地回答:“这是政策的奖赏”。

陕西紫阳县扶贫经济开发的现状、问题和对策

紫阳县位陕西省南部,属大巴山区,1985年被国务院列为重点贫困县.该县1985年农民人均纯收入仅有117.5元,人匀占有粮食242公斤,全县农民处于贫困状态.人均纯收入在150元以上的仅占总农户的25.4%和总农业人口的16.9%.1986年以来,由于家庭联产承包责任制的继续稳定和国家的大力扶持,先后给该县扶贫财政资金和贷款等共3885万元,返销粮2400万公斤,广大农民的生产和生活条件有了明显改善.1991年全县农民人均纯收入达339元,人均占有粮食340公斤,全县农民普遍越过了200元的贫困线,人均纯收入在200元以下的仅占全县农户的7.3%和农业人口的7.32%.

Research on RTP aeromagnetic gradient data and its applicability in different latitudes

Aeromagnetic gradient data needs to be reduced to the pole so that it can be better applied to geological interpretation through theoretical derivation.In this paper,we conduct research on the morphological characteristics of the total and horizontal gradient modules before and after reduction to the pole and design models at different latitudes,with consistent and inconsistent magnetic field direction and geological body magnetization direction.We discuss how to use the total gradient module and horizontal gradient module in geological interpretation.The reduced-to-the-pole（RTP） method is required for the horizontal gradient module method but not for the total gradient module.Finally,the conclusions derived from the theoretical models are verified through analysis of real data.The position determination of a geological body using the total gradient method,gradient data,or total-field data works better without RTP,ensuring data primitive authenticity.However,the horizontal gradient module should be reduced to the pole to determine the boundary of the geological body.Finally,the theoretical model is verified by actual data analysis.Both the total and horizontal gradient methods can be applied to geological interpretation.

Effects of Dietary Soy Isoflavones on Feed Intake,Growth Performance and Digestibility in Juvenile Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(49% crude protein) and isoenergetic(20.1 MJ kg-1) diets were formulated to contain four graded levels of soy isoflavones,namely,0,1,4 and 8 g soy isoflavones in 1 kg of diet.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks of fish(Initial average weight:2.58 g ± 0.01 g),and each tank was stocked with 35 fish.No significant difference was observed among diets with levels of 0,1 and 4 g kg-1 soy isoflavones in feed intake,weight gain,feed efficiency ratio(FER),proximate composition of fish whole body and apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of nutrients and energy(P>0.05).However,high dietary soy isoflavones level(8 g kg-1) significantly depressed weight gain,FER,whole-body crude lipid content of fish and ADC of nutrients(P<0.05).These results indicate that high level of dietary soy isoflavones(above 4 g kg-1) significantly depresses growth responses and FER of Japanese flounder.However,as the content of soy isoflavones in soybean meal is around 1 to 3 g kg-1,the adverse effects might be neglected when soybean products are used as a fish feed ingredient.

Effectiveness of Soil Conservation Methods in Preventing Red Soil Erosion in Southern China

Rainfall, runoff(surface runoff and interflow) and soil loss were recorded from 2002 to2005 in an experiment with four treatments on sloping red soil land in southern China. Treatments consisted of bare sloping ground(control check, CK),interplanting with soybean in spring or radish in autumn(I), level terrace(i.e., grass planted on the riser and bunds built at the edge of a bench terrace)(II), and level terraces of orchards with Bahia grass planted on the riser(III). The surface runoff and erosion in treatment II and III during the four years were low despite the occurrence of potentially erosive rains. By contrast, the CK plot had both the highest surface runoff coefficient and the highest sediment yield among all the plots. The surface runoff and soil erosion of the CK plot significantly differed from that of the treatment plots(p < 0.05). Additionally,Significant differences between the interflow of the CK plot and that of the treatment plots was found from April to August(p < 0.05). However, no significant differences between the CK and treatment plots were found from January to March and September to December. The order of the plots in terms of surface runoff coefficients and soil losses was: CK > I > III > II, whereas their order in terms of interflow was II > III > I > CK. The effects of treatment II were excellent, indicating that level terrace(i.e., grass planted on the riser and bunds built at the edge of a bench terrace) can be an excellent practice for soil and water conservation on sloping red soil land. Soil loss in southern China can be reduced through the widespread use of this approach.

Control over Surrounding Rocks Deformation of Soft Floor and Whole-Coal Gateways with Trapezoidal Supports

In Gengcun Colliery, Yima Coal Group Co. Ltd.the characteristics of the gateways of thick coal seam and the coal seam is with fully mechanized sublevel caving mining are that the thickness of roof coal seam of gateways is larger, their surrounding rocks are the whole-coal mass and the coal seam is prone to Spontaneous Combustion. With the natural equilibrium arch theory, the reasonable adjacent distance of No.11 mine-type metal supports was calculated in trapezoidal gateways based on these characteristics. Then, in-situ supporting experiments were carried out. The results indicate that under the action of virgin rock stress, the width of broken rocks zone of surrounding rocks is 1.7–2.0 m in return heading and 1.1–1.3 m in going headway. And their surrounding rocks belong to the Ⅳ-type soften rock and the Ⅲ-type common surrounding rock respectively. Therefore, under the movable abutment pressure, the gateways deformation is serious. It is suggested that the designed gateways have to use pre-broadened cross section to suit their deformation. At the same time, the accumulated water on gateway floor must be drained in time. These measures were taken in the 1302 and 1304 coal faces in Gengcun Colliery, and the satisfactory results have been obtained.

Morphology and controlling factors of the longitudinal profile of gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley

The morphology of the gully longitudinal profile （GLP） is an important topographic index of the gully bottom associated with the evolution of the gullies. This index can be used to predict the development trend and evaluate the eroded volumes and soil losses by gullying. To depict the morphology of GLP and understand its controlling factors, the Global Positioning System Real-time Kinematic （GPS RTK） and the total station were used to measure the detail points along the gully bottom of 122 gullies at six sites of the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley. Then, nine parameters including length （Lt）, horizontal distance （Dh）, height （H）, vertical erosional area （A）, vertical curvature （Co）, concavity （Ca）, average gradient （Ga）, gully length-gradient index （GL）, normalized gully length-gradient index （Ngl）, were calculated and mapped using CASS, Excel and SPSS. The results showed that this study area is dominated by slightly concave and medium gradient GLPs, and the lithology of most gullies is sandstone and siltstone. Although different types of GLPs appear at different sites, all parameters present a positively skewed distribution. There are relatively strong correlations between several parameters： namely Lt and H, Dh and H, Lt and A, Dh and A, H and GL. Most GLPs, except three, have a best fit of exponential functions with quasi- straight shapes. Soil properties, vegetation coverage, piping erosion and topography are important factors to affect the GLP morphology. This study provides useful insight into the knowledge of GLP morphology and its influential factors that are of critical importance to prevent and control gully erosion.

Compact dual-band bandpass filter for WLAN systems

A novel dual-band planar microstrip filter using parallel coupled microstrip lines and open-loop stepped-impedance resonators（SIRs）loaded with two shunt open stubs is presented.By tuning the physical lengths of open-loop SIRs,parallel coupled microstrip lines and two stubs,the bandpass filter has good dual-passband performance at 2.55 and 5.35 GHz and high isolation between the two passbands.The relative bandwidths of the two passbands are 11.8% and 16.8%,respectively.Compared with the conventional open-loop SIR filters,the designed filter has a comparatively broader fractional bandwidth at the second passband.So it can cover all the wireless LAN（local area network）bands.In addition,the filter has the features of low loss,high rejection and low ripple.The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated responses by HFSS software.

Prediction of Pressure Gradient and Holdup in Small Eoetvoes Number Liquid-Liquid Segregated Flow

The segregated flow pattern, which occurs in a 26.1 mm diameter, horizontal, stainless steel test section, is investigated. Pressure gradient and in situ phase distribution data were obtained for different combinations of phase superficial velocities ranging from 0.05 m.s^-1 to 0,96 m.s^-1. For the current small Eoetvoes number liquid-liquid system （EOD=4.77）, the dominant effect of interfacial tension and wall-wetting properties of the liquids over the gravity is considered. The approach introduces the closure relationship for the case of turbulent flow m a rough pipe, and attempts to modify the two-fluid model to account for the curved interface. In present flow rates range, wave amplitudes were found small, while interfacial mixing was observed. An adjustable definition for hydraulic diame- ters of two fluids and interfacial friction factor is adopted. The predicted pressure gradient and in situ phase distribution data have been compared with present experimental data and those reported in the literature.

Analysis of the variations in the strength and position of stratospheric sudden warming in the past three decades

The authors investigate the statistical features of variations in the strength and position of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in the Northern Hemisphere based on ERA-Interim data from 1979 to 2016. It is found that there are 55 SSW events in the past 38 years (average: 1.4 times per year), including 33 major SSW events and 22 minor SSW events. The events mainly occur in February. The variations of the maximum meridional gradient of the zonal mean temperature of the SSW events show increasing trends from 1979 to 1983 and from 1998 to 2011, and decreasing trends from 1984 to 1997 and from 2012 to 2016. However, the linear trend of the variations in the past three decades shows a negative trend. Meanwhile, the strength and duration of major SSW events show similar features. Some SSW events occur at nearly the same time at different levels from 100 hPa to 10 hPa, while others first occur at 10 hPa and then the signal propagates downwards to lower levels. A very interesting phenomenon is that the maximum temperature centers of these 55 SSW events are mainly located over the Eurasian continent between 30°E and 120°E. This may be related to a polar vortex shifting to the Eurasian continent in the past three decades.

Gradient principle of horizontal stress inducing rock burst in coal mine

Based on the stress distribution characteristics of rock burst multiple sites, the criterion of horizontal stress inducing layer dislocation rock burst was established. Accordingly, the influencing factors were analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the stress condition, edge of etastic zone depth, supporting strength, and the friction angle and cohesion among coal stratum, roof and floor are sensitive factors. By introducing double-couple model, the layer dislocation rock burst was explained and the energy radiation characteristics were analyzed. The SOS micro-seismic monitoring system was applied to observe the rock burst hazards about a mining face. The results show that P- and S-wave energy radiations produced by rock burst have directional characteristics. The energy radiation characteristics of the 22 rock bursts occurring on 79Z6 long-wall face are basically the same as theoretical results, that is, the ratio of S-wave energy of sensor 4 to 6 is about 1.5 and that of P-wave is smaller than 0.5. The consistency of the monitored characteristics of the energy radiation theoretically increases with the total energy increasing.

Objects Description and Extraction by the Use of Straight Line Segments in Digital Images

An advanced edge-based method of feature detection and extraction is developed for object description in digital images. It is useful for the comparison of different images of the same scene in aerial imagery, for describing and recognizing categories, for automatic building extraction and for finding the mutual regions in image matching. The method includes directional filtering and searching for straight edge segments in every direction and scale, taking into account edge gradient signs. Line segments are ordered with respect to their orientation and average gradients in the region in question. These segments are used for the construction of an object descriptor. A hierarchical set of feature descriptors is developed, taking into consideration the proposed straight line segment detector. Comparative performance is evaluated on the noisy model and in real aerial and satellite imagery.

Climate Warming-induced Upward Shift of Moso Bamboo Population on Tianmu Mountain,China

Although paid to upward shift response to global phenomenon at low zones did not receive increasing attention has been of plant species in altitude as a warming, research on this altitudinal and low latitudinal enough attention. In this study, an investigation was carried out to test the relationship between the upward spread of Moso bamboo （Phyllostachys pubescens） along altitudinal gradient and the increasing air temperature over the past decade within the Tianmu Mountain region, situated in southeastern China. Results showed that the peak elevation of Moso bamboo population establishment rose by an average of 9.8 m （±2.7 m） during the past decade and significant correlation existed with mean annual temperature （P 〈 0.0001, n = 339） but not with annual precipitation （P = 0.7, n = 339）, indicating that the upward shift of Moso bamboo along altitudinal gradients was driven primarily by warming temperatures. This upward shift could potentially reduce biodiversity by altering the species composition of the ecosystem. However, there is also the potential for increased carbon sequestration capacity of local forest systems, which would produce an additional carbon sink to combat rising atmospheric C02 concentrations and future global warming.

Snakes and Ladders： Lessons From Pacific Health Promotion

This paper focuses on health promotion and community development programmes conducted within Pacific nation locations. A literature review was carried out that identified differences in understanding of the practice of health promotion and community development in Pacific Island communities when compared with the rest of the developed world： Snakes and ladders is a metaphor for process and progress of such programmes whereby health and community gains are made only to collapse and fall back, close to or at, the starting point Reasons for this are discussed, particularly through comparison with health promotion and community development programmes in other non-Pacific countries, and with success factors identified in such programmes. This link between methodological approaches of international funding agencies and the success or otherwise of programmes, is identified. Suggestions are made as to approaches to be used when working within Pacific lsland nations. These approaches involve empowerment of the local community to lead, manage, and evaluate the effectiveness of these health promotion and community development programmes.

High Slope Stability of Diversion Power System Intake of Jinchuan Hydropower Station

The excavated height of the left bank slope of the diversion power system intake in Jinchuan hydropower station is about 16o m. The stability and safety of the slope during construction and its operation/utilization become one of the most important geological engineering problems. At the same time, it is also crucial to select a safe and economic excavation gradient for the construction. We studied the problem of how to select a safe and economic slope ratio by analyzing the geological condition of the high slope, including the lithology, slope structure, structural surface and their combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology, and the natural gradient. The study results showed that the use of an excavation gradient larger than the gradient observed during site investigation and the gradient recommended in standards and field practice manuals is feasible. Then, we used the finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the excavation slope under natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions. The calculated results showed that the excavated slope only has limited failure, but its stability is greatly satisfactory. The research findings can be useful in excavation and slope stabilization projects.

Comparison of up ladder type and terraced type normalizing heat treatments of heavy cylinder

Because of the mixed grain and coarse grain structure, the long heat treatment cycle and large energy conservation in the heavy cylinder heat treatment process, the up ladder type and terraced type normalizing heat treatment of heavy cylinder after rolling were put forward. The microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25 V steel after the up ladder type normalizing, terraced type normalizing and isothermal type normalizing were studied. Experimental results show that： 1） For the grain refinement, the twice terraced type normalizing is better than the up ladder type and isothermal type normalizing, and the average grain size is 18 μm; 2） The yield strength, tensile strength and-30℃ charpy impact energy after twice terraced type normalizing are 681 MPa, 768 MPa and 181 J, respectively, and the mechanical properties are better than those of the up ladder type and isothermal type normalizing; 3） Compared with the isothermal type normalizing, the holding time of terraced type normalizing can be shortened by 30%, which greatly reduces the energy consumption.

Meiofauna Distribution in Intertidal Sandy Beaches Along China Shoreline(18?–40?N)

In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitudinal gradients.In general,meiofauna abundance was lower in four subtropical beaches in Xiamen(24?N) and Zhoushan(29?N) than that in other beaches.Meiofauna abundance differed little between tropical and temperate beaches.The taxonomic structure of meiofauna showed a dominance of nematode in colder area.The relative composition of turbellarians and polychaetes increased in warmer area.In addition to latitudinal gradient,salinity,oxygenation,sediment grain size affect also the meiofauna latitudinal distribution.As for horizontal distribution,the highest meiofauna abundance was found in low tidal zone at tropical beaches,and in middle tidal zone at temperate beaches.The horizontal distribution of meiofauna was controlled by both physical and biotic factors including feeding and anthropogenic activities.Although meiofauna abundance exhibited a horizontal difference,the composition of meiofaunal main taxa was unanimous horizontally at all beaches at the same sampling latitude.

Bacteriorhodopsin and SWCNT Scaffold for Optical Nanobiosensor

This paper describes theoretical steps to develop an optical nanobiosensor using bacteriorhodopsin （BR） as the biomembrane and Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube （SWCNT） as the scaffold. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal protein used by archaea that come under the family of halobacteria. This retinal protein acts as a proton pump and resulting proton gradient is used to change the voltage that pass across the drain and source. The biosensor contains nano ISFET where the channel is made of a carbon nanotube for the conduction of current. The gate is replaced by bacteriorhodopsin biomembrane. Bacteriorhodopsin can be used as a molecular-level ultra fast bi-stable red / green photo switch for making 3D optical molecular memories that reliably store data with 10,000 molecules/bit. The molecules switch in femtoseconds. Biomembrane will sense 510 nm and 650 nm wavelength of light and the sensing voltage can be used to convert the data into digital signals. This molecular level memory device can be used for ‘Read-Write＇ operations. The sensor performance will also be ultra fast since it uses photons for the data storage, which are much faster than electrons used in normal memory devices, and the 3D storage capacity is much higher maximum of 10^13/cm^2.

Alternate Form of Damped Wave Conduction and Relaxation Equation a Capite Adcalcem in Temperature

An alternate non-Fourier heat conduction equation is derived from consideration of translation motion of spinless electron under a driving force due to an applied temperature gradient. This equation is a eapite ad calcem,temperature. Elimination of the rate of change of velocity with respect to time leads to a non-Fourier heat conduction equation with a accumulation of temperature or ballistic term in it. The new constitutive heat conduction equation is combined with the energy balance equation in one dimension. The governing equation for transient temperature a partial differential equation （Eq. （23）） is solved for by the method of Laplace transforms. The problem considered is the semi-infinite medium with constant thermo physical properties with constant wall temperature boundary condition. A closed form analyticalexpression for the transient temperature was obtained （Eq. （36）） after truncation of higher order terms in the infinite binomial series and use of convolution and lag properties. This solution is compared with that obtained using the parabolic Fourier model and the damped wave model as presented in an earlier study. The predictions of Eq. （36） are closer to the Fourier model. The convex nature of the temperature curve is present.