This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,a...This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.展开更多
Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temper...Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temperature in the oasis and Gobi Desert meetφs （z∧）= φθ（Z/∧） =αθ（-Z/ ∧）-1/3 while normalization variances of both humidity and CO2 in the oasis meet φ（Z/∧）= αs （1 - βs z /∧）-1/3 ; the normalization variance of temperature in the oasis is large due to disturbance by advection, whereas variance of CO2 in the Gobi Desert has certain degree of deviation relative to Monin-Obukhov （M-O） scaling, and humidity variance completely deviates from variance M-O scaling. The above result indicates that under the condition of advection, hu-midity variance meets the relation δ2 sm=D2 δ2SA ＋ δ2SB and it is determined by relative magnitude of scalar variance of ad- midity variance meets the relation δsm = D2δsA ＋ δsB vection transport. Our study reveals that, if the scalar variance of humidity or CO2 transported by advection is much larger than local scalar variance, observation value of scalar variance will deviate from M-O scaling; when scalar variance of advection transport is close to or less than local scalar variance, the observation value of scalar variance approximately meets M-O scal- ing.展开更多
文摘This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2010CB951701-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91025011, 41130961)the Pingliang Station of Lightning and Hail Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temperature in the oasis and Gobi Desert meetφs （z∧）= φθ（Z/∧） =αθ（-Z/ ∧）-1/3 while normalization variances of both humidity and CO2 in the oasis meet φ（Z/∧）= αs （1 - βs z /∧）-1/3 ; the normalization variance of temperature in the oasis is large due to disturbance by advection, whereas variance of CO2 in the Gobi Desert has certain degree of deviation relative to Monin-Obukhov （M-O） scaling, and humidity variance completely deviates from variance M-O scaling. The above result indicates that under the condition of advection, hu-midity variance meets the relation δ2 sm=D2 δ2SA ＋ δ2SB and it is determined by relative magnitude of scalar variance of ad- midity variance meets the relation δsm = D2δsA ＋ δsB vection transport. Our study reveals that, if the scalar variance of humidity or CO2 transported by advection is much larger than local scalar variance, observation value of scalar variance will deviate from M-O scaling; when scalar variance of advection transport is close to or less than local scalar variance, the observation value of scalar variance approximately meets M-O scal- ing.
