咪唑安定对气管平滑肌舒张作用的研究

咪唑安定对气管平滑肌有直接舒张作用,作用机制主要和抑制电压依赖性钙通道,降低细胞内钙离子浓度有关;对PKC信号转导系统也有一定的抑制作用;咪唑安定雾化吸入有引起支气管痉挛的可能。

利多卡因对气管平滑肌舒张作用的研究

Lidocaine is often administered intravenously(1.5mg/kg) to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction.Lidocaine given as an aerosol can provoke an initial bronchoconstriction.,but this bronchoconstriction can be prevented by pretreatment with intravenous lidocaine.Combined intravenous lidocaine and inhaled salbutamol protect against brohcbial hyperreactivity more effectively than lidocaine or salbutamol alone.Lidocaine markedly reduces reflex bronchoconstriction,but has little effect on the initiated by allergic mediators.Lidocaine may worsen histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing plasma concentrations of catecholamines,this may have therapeutic implications for patients with acute asthma or anaphylactic shock who may become dependent on circulating catecholamines.The effects of Lidocaine on attenuation of bronchial hyperreactivity and the effects of topical airway anesthesia are two independent mechanisms.

硝酸甘油和一氧化氮对平滑肌的舒张作用

采用１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯化钾或组胺收缩的标本，研究了硝酸甘油和一氧化氮对豚鼠主动脉、气管和盲肠带的舒张作用．硝酸甘油在这些平滑肌上舒张作用强度依次为主动脉、气管和盲肠带，而一氧化氮的作用强度依次为主动脉、盲肠带和气管．亚甲蓝在１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋和３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ组胺收缩的主动脉标本上和由３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ组胺收缩的气管标本上，可抑制一氧化氮和硝酸甘油的舒张作用，但不能在１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋予收缩的气管标本上或在１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋和组胺收缩的盲肠带标本上发挥抑制作用．结果说明，硝酸甘油和一氧化氮对血管平滑肌的舒张作用及对组胺收缩的气管的舒张作用与可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶有关。