AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal c...AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis.展开更多
A new method based on the multi-wedge translation mechanism is presented to calculate the lateral force acting on the stabilizing piles. At first, there is no assumption for the shape of potential sliding surface, it ...A new method based on the multi-wedge translation mechanism is presented to calculate the lateral force acting on the stabilizing piles. At first, there is no assumption for the shape of potential sliding surface, it is just considered that the potential sliding surface is a composite of a number of straight lines. And then, the potential sliding mass is divided into a number of triangular wedges take with these straight lines as its base. The kinematic theorem of limit analysis is adopted to calculate the rate of external work and the rate of energy dissipation for each triangular wedge, respectively. Furthermore, the multivariate functions are established to calculate the lateral force acting on the stabilizing piles. The lateral force and the corresponding potential sliding surfaces can be obtained by an optimizational technique. At last, an example is taken to illustrate the method. The effect of soil strength parameters, slope angle and pile roughness on the lateral force and the corresponding potential sliding surface are analyzed.The result are compared with those obtained using other methods.展开更多
New adaptive preprocessing algorithms based on the polar coordinate system were put forward to get high-precision corneal topography calculation results. Adaptive locating algorithms of concentric circle center were c...New adaptive preprocessing algorithms based on the polar coordinate system were put forward to get high-precision corneal topography calculation results. Adaptive locating algorithms of concentric circle center were created to accurately capture the circle center of original Placido-based image, expand the image into matrix centered around the circle center, and convert the matrix into the polar coordinate system with the circle center as pole. Adaptive image smoothing treatment was followed and the characteristics of useful circles were extracted via horizontal edge detection, based on useful circles presenting approximate horizontal lines while noise signals presenting vertical lines or different angles. Effective combination of different operators of morphology were designed to remedy data loss caused by noise disturbances, get complete image about circle edge detection to satisfy the requests of precise calculation on follow-up parameters. The experimental data show that the algorithms meet the requirements of practical detection with characteristics of less data loss, higher data accuracy and easier availability.展开更多
A new way to solve the scheduling problem ofgarment assembly line based on genetic algorithmwas proposed. The chromosome was decoded usingtask precedence relation and after the operation ofreproduction, crossover and ...A new way to solve the scheduling problem ofgarment assembly line based on genetic algorithmwas proposed. The chromosome was decoded usingtask precedence relation and after the operation ofreproduction, crossover and mutation, the globaloptimal result can be obtained. Fitness function wasrepresented by smoothness Index ( SI ). Thesimulation shows that the method proposed in thispaper is better than the conventional way and theoptimized solution can be got in this way.展开更多
We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperat...We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma was highly suspected, and the patient underwent hepatic resection. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of smooth muscle cells and contained small amounts of adipose cells and blood vessels. On immunohistochemical staining, the smooth muscle cells were positive for a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody. In cases with uncommon features of angiomyolipoma, it is quite difficult to distinguish angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
Semivarying coefficient models are frequently used in statistical models.In this paper,under the condition that the coefficient functions possess different degrees of smoothness,a two-stepmethod is proposed.In the cas...Semivarying coefficient models are frequently used in statistical models.In this paper,under the condition that the coefficient functions possess different degrees of smoothness,a two-stepmethod is proposed.In the case,one-step method for the smoother coefficient functions cannot beoptimal.This drawback can be repaired by using the two-step estimation procedure.The asymptoticmean-squared error for the two-step procedure is obtained and is shown to achieve the optimal rate ofconvergence.A few simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the proposed estimation methods.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,No. R01 DK079954,to Ruggieri MR and Miller LS
文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis.
基金Projects(SKLGP2012K024,SKLGP2013K012)supported by the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Ceoenvironment Protection,ChinaProject(2011BAK12B03)supported by the National Technology Project,ChinaProject(41401004)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new method based on the multi-wedge translation mechanism is presented to calculate the lateral force acting on the stabilizing piles. At first, there is no assumption for the shape of potential sliding surface, it is just considered that the potential sliding surface is a composite of a number of straight lines. And then, the potential sliding mass is divided into a number of triangular wedges take with these straight lines as its base. The kinematic theorem of limit analysis is adopted to calculate the rate of external work and the rate of energy dissipation for each triangular wedge, respectively. Furthermore, the multivariate functions are established to calculate the lateral force acting on the stabilizing piles. The lateral force and the corresponding potential sliding surfaces can be obtained by an optimizational technique. At last, an example is taken to illustrate the method. The effect of soil strength parameters, slope angle and pile roughness on the lateral force and the corresponding potential sliding surface are analyzed.The result are compared with those obtained using other methods.
基金Project(20120321028-01)supported by Scientific and Technological Key Project of Shanxi Province,ChinaProject(20113101)supported by Postgraduate Innovative Key Project of Shanxi Province,China
文摘New adaptive preprocessing algorithms based on the polar coordinate system were put forward to get high-precision corneal topography calculation results. Adaptive locating algorithms of concentric circle center were created to accurately capture the circle center of original Placido-based image, expand the image into matrix centered around the circle center, and convert the matrix into the polar coordinate system with the circle center as pole. Adaptive image smoothing treatment was followed and the characteristics of useful circles were extracted via horizontal edge detection, based on useful circles presenting approximate horizontal lines while noise signals presenting vertical lines or different angles. Effective combination of different operators of morphology were designed to remedy data loss caused by noise disturbances, get complete image about circle edge detection to satisfy the requests of precise calculation on follow-up parameters. The experimental data show that the algorithms meet the requirements of practical detection with characteristics of less data loss, higher data accuracy and easier availability.
基金Financed by Henan provincial Fund (No. 0324300201)
文摘A new way to solve the scheduling problem ofgarment assembly line based on genetic algorithmwas proposed. The chromosome was decoded usingtask precedence relation and after the operation ofreproduction, crossover and mutation, the globaloptimal result can be obtained. Fitness function wasrepresented by smoothness Index ( SI ). Thesimulation shows that the method proposed in thispaper is better than the conventional way and theoptimized solution can be got in this way.
文摘We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma was highly suspected, and the patient underwent hepatic resection. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of smooth muscle cells and contained small amounts of adipose cells and blood vessels. On immunohistochemical staining, the smooth muscle cells were positive for a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody. In cases with uncommon features of angiomyolipoma, it is quite difficult to distinguish angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10871072Shanxi's Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 2007011014
文摘Semivarying coefficient models are frequently used in statistical models.In this paper,under the condition that the coefficient functions possess different degrees of smoothness,a two-stepmethod is proposed.In the case,one-step method for the smoother coefficient functions cannot beoptimal.This drawback can be repaired by using the two-step estimation procedure.The asymptoticmean-squared error for the two-step procedure is obtained and is shown to achieve the optimal rate ofconvergence.A few simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the proposed estimation methods.
