玉米皮纤维发酵培养黑曲霉和肉原毛平革菌的产酶分析

为以玉米皮纤维(corn bran fiber,CBF)作为原料制备具有半纤维素降解优势的复合酶制剂、酶法水解CBF制备功能性低聚阿拉伯木聚糖,以CBF(含木糖50.97%、阿拉伯糖28.47%)为碳源发酵培养黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和肉原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete carnosa)。结果表明,A.niger和P.carnosa发酵液中木聚糖酶最高活力分别为246.58 U/mL(72 h)和367.21 U/mL(60 h)、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶最高活力分别为57.90 U/mL(144 h)和8.26 U/mL(192 h)。无标记蛋白质组技术分析结果显示,A.niger和P.carnosa发酵液分别鉴定出109种和105种蛋白质。A.niger分泌表达糖苷水解酶的数量(82)远高于P.carnosa(53),且糖苷水解的家族分布也存在很大差异,而P.carnosa分泌表达氧化酶数量(6)高于A.niger(2)。两种真菌都能够利用CBF作为碳源生长,但分泌表达的不同复合酶又具有相似的催化功能和效率,显示两种真菌在降解CBF时采取不同的多酶协同策略。

炖牛肉小窍门

1、炖牛肉时,先放进5—6个鲜由楂同煮,煮沸后将牛肉捞出,浸在冷不中,过一会再放在锅里炖。

Mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in an elder patient with early recurrence:A case report

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor （IMT） of the alimentary tract often occurs in children or young adults, but may occur at any age. Symptoms are nonspecific and depend on the location of the tumor. The most often involved sites are small bowel mesentery especially the distal ileum, mesotransverse colon, or great omentum. Recurrence appears to be more frequent in the extrapulmonary lesion. Herein we demonstrate a 63-year-old male patient with mesenteric INT, with an early recurrence after his first operation. We should be aware that if the tumor is larger than 8 cm, multinodular, omental, with ill-defined margin, with pathologically atypia, or ganglion-like cells, a close surveillence after primary surgery with image study might be necessary to detect the tumor recurrence early. Tumor recurrence may be asymptomatic, and it may act like a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.

Autoantibody profiles in autoimmune hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C identifies similarities in patients with severe disease

To determine how the auto-antibodies (Abs) profiles overlap in chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and correlate to liver disease.METHODSLevels of antinuclear Ab, smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and liver/kidney microsomal-1 (LKM-1) Ab and markers of liver damage were determined in the sera of 50 patients with CHC infection, 20 AIH patients and 20 healthy controls using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and other immune assays.RESULTSWe found that AIH patients had more severe liver disease as determined by elevation of total IgG, alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin and serum transaminases and significantly higher prevalence of the three non-organ-specific autoantibodies (auto-Abs) than CHC patients. Antinuclear Ab, SMA and LKM-1 Ab were also present in 36% of CHC patients and related to disease severity. CHC cases positive for auto-Abs were directly comparable to AIH in respect of most markers of liver damage and total IgG. These cases had longer disease duration compared with auto-Ab negative cases, but there was no difference in gender, age or viral load. KLM-1+ Ab CHC cases showed best overlap with AIH.CONCLUSIONAuto-Ab levels in CHC may be important markers of disease severity and positive cases have a disease similar to AIH. Auto-Abs might have a pathogenic role as indicated by elevated markers of liver damage. Future studies will unravel any novel associations between these two diseases, whether genetic or other.

Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of Esophagus:One Case Report

Esophageal polyps are very rare,One case of giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus was described.The patient had symptoms of dysphagia and hematemesis.After examinations,the diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma was made,In the process of thoracie exploration,esophageal polyp was removed,The pathological diagnosis postoperation was giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus associated with mucoid degeneration.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the nipple-areola complex:Report of a case and review of literature

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the nipple-areola complex is extremely rare. Less than ten such cases have been reported in English literature so far. Herein we describe a 52-year-old female presenting with a 1.5 cm×1.1 cm×0.7 cm nodular lesion over her left nipple, and leiomyosarcoma was proved by pathological examination of the excised specimen. Positron emitted tomogram (PET) revealed no abnormal signal other than the primary site. Microscopically, this poorly circumscribed tumor was composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells with bizarre and pleomorphic nuclei, as well as prominent nucleoli. Its mitotic count was up to 7 mitoses per 10 high power fields (HPF). Immunohistochemical study of tumor cells revealed positive stain for α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin; and negative for cytokeratin, CD34 and S-100. Left simple mastectomy was undertaken and no residual mass lesion was noted on the resected specimen. Related literatures about the diagnosis and treatment for breast leiomyosarcoma will be presented here.

Fitness and health benefits of team handball training for young untrained women--A cross-disciplinary RCT on physiological adaptations and motivational aspects

Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained women.Methods: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group(HG; n = 14, height 170 ± 5 cm, weight 73 ± 11 kg, VO_(2peak) 37.7 ± 4.1 mL/min/kg) that trained 1.7 ± 0.3 times per week over 12 weeks(70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group(CG; n = 14, 169 ± 5 cm, 71 ± 12 kg, 38.1 ± 3.7 mL/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre-and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and questionnaires.Results: The average heart rate(HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% ± 6% HR_(max). Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass(2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density(0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1(IE1) performance(35%, p < 0.001), and incremental treadmill test performance(11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass(p = 0.176),mean arterial blood pressure(p = 0.328), resting HR(p = 0.219), or blood lipids(p = 0.298—0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation(p < 0.001) and in the well-being subscale "energy"(p = 0.010).Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.

Leiomyosarcoma with coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation： A case study

Coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation are very rare clinically, and even less caused by cardiac leiomyosarcoma. A case is reported that a 67-year-old female had cardiac leiomyosarcoma with progressive heart failure and coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation. This case was special since all ante-mortem examinations and cardiac surgery failed to detect the presence of any abnormal car-diac mass. Therefore, the malignant cardiac tumors could appear in an invasive form without mass and be one of the causes of the coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation.

Pancreatic metastasis of leiomyosarcoma in the right thigh:A case report

Pancreatic tumors are primary in most of the cases. Pancreatic metastases associated with other primary malignancies, especially pancreatic metastasis of leiomyosarcoma, are uncommon. A 66-year-old woman underwent surgical resection of malignant mesenchymoma （70% osteosarcoma and 30% leiomyosarcoma） in the right thigh. In the postoperative period, a pancreatic mass was identified radiologically by abdominal computed tomography. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed leiomyosarcoma metastasized to the pancreas. A metastatic nodule on the remnant pancreatic tail was discovered 9 mo after the first pancreatic resection, and distal pancreatectomy was performed. Cases of pancreatic metastasis from leiomyosarcoma are extremely rare, especially when the tumor was resectable. We report here a unique case of pancreatic metastasis from a leiomyosarcoma in the dght thigh that had been treated surgically.

IL-1β activates p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases via different pathways in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells

AIM： To examine the pathway related to the IL-1β induced activation of mitogen-activated protein （MAP） kinases in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Culture of the esophageal smooth muscle cells from cat was prepared. Specific inhibitors were treated before applying the IL-β3. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expressions of COX, iNOS and MAP kinases. RESULTS： In the primary cultured cells, although IL-β3 failed to upregulate the COX and iNOS levels, the levels of the phosphorylated forms of 1344142 HAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase increased in both concentration- and time-dependent manner, of which the level of activation reached a maximum within 3 and 18 h, respectively. The pertussis toxin reduced the level of p44/42 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Tyrphostin 51 and genistein also inhibited this activation. Neomycin decreased the density of the p44/42 HAP kinase band to the basal level. Phosphokinase C （PKC） was found to play a mediating role in the IL-1β-induced p44/42 MAP kinase activity. In contrast, the activation of p38 MAP kinase was inhibited only by a pretreatment with forskolin, and was unaffected by the other compounds. CONCLUSION： Based on these results, IL-1β-induced p44/42 MAP kinase activation is mediated by the Gi protein, tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C （PLC） and PKC. The pathway for p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation is different from that of p44/42 MAP kinase, suggesting that it plays a different role in the cellular response to IL- 1β.

Comparative effectiveness of i-SCAN^(TM) and high-definition white light characterizing small colonic polyps

AIM： To evaluate accuracy of in vivo diagnosis of ad- enomatous vs non-adenomatous polyps using/-SCAN digital chromoendoscopy compared with high-definition white light. METHODS： This is a single-center comparative effec- tiveness pilot study. Polyps （n = 103） from 75 average- risk adult outpatients undergoing screening or surveil- lance colonoscopy between December 1, 2010 and April 1, 2011 were evaluated by two participating en- doscopists in an academic outpatient endoscopy center. Polyps were evaluated both with high-definition white light and with/-SCAN to make an/n vivo prediction of adenomatous vs non-adenomatous pathology. We de- termined diagnostic characteristics of/-SCAN and high- definition white light, including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, with regards to identifying adenomatous vs non-adenomatous polyps. Histopathologic diagnosis was the gold standard comparison. RESULTS： One hundred and three small polyps, de- tected from forty-three patients, were included in the analysis. The average size of the polyps evaluated in the analysis was 3.7 mm （SD 1.3 mm, range 2 mm to 8 mm）. Formal histopathology revealed that 54/103 （52.4%） were adenomas, 26/103 （25.2%） were hyper- plastic, and 23/103 （22.3%） were other diagnoses in- clude ＂lymphoid aggregates＂, ＂non-specific colitis,＂ and ＂no pathologic diagnosis.＂ Overall, the combined accu- racy of endoscopists for predicting adenomas was iden- tical between/-SCAN （71.8%, 95%CI： 62.1%-80.3%） and high-definition white light （71.8%, 95%CI： 62.1%-80.3%）. However, the accuracy of each endosco- pist differed substantially, where endoscopist A demon- strated 63.0% overall accuracy （95%CI： 50.9%-74.0%） as compared with endoscopist B demonstrating 93.3% overall accuracy （95%CI： 77.9%-99.2%）, irrespective of imaging modality. Neither endoscopist demonstrated a significant learning effect with i-SCAN during the study. Though endoscopist A increased accuracy using/-SCAN from 59% （95%CI： 42.1%-74.4%） in the first half to 67.6% （95%CI： 49.5%-82.6%） in the second half, and endoscopist B decreased accuracy usingi-SCAN from 100% （95%CI： 80.5%-100.0%） in the first half to 84.6% （95%CI： 54.6%-98.1%） in the second half, nei- ther of these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION：i-SCAN and high-definition white light had similar efficacy predicting polyp histology. Endosco- pist training likely plays a critical role in diagnostic test characteristics and deserves further study.

“的哥”：呵护好您的胃

本刊第五期、第六期就“的哥”的健康问题做了专题。引起了社会对这一群体健康问题的广泛关注。“的哥”每天行色匆匆，穿梭于大街小巷，为家庭、为老人、为孩子、为生计奔忙，惟独忘了自己。他们在无奈中挥霍与透支着健康，饮食没有规律、长时间坐在车中、超负荷的工作，使许多“的哥”患上了胃病、颈椎病、腰腿痛、心血管病等。从本期开始，将就“的哥”常患的几种疾病介绍一些饮食疗法及家庭治疗方法，还望“的哥”们在忙碌的同时关注一下自己的身体，毕竟身体才是本钱。当然，这需要“的哥”的另一半——“的嫂”们的协助。

Biosecurity Practices and Geospatial Map of Ontario Backyard Poultry Flocks

The CFO （Chicken Farmers of Ontario） has taken important steps to increase biosecurity practices within backyard poultry flocks in order to thwart infectious diseases. The present study originally intended to describe biosecurity practices within this milieu, so as to determine their nearest neighbor and density, as well as the average distance between backyard and commercial broiler flocks. To that effect, paper questionnaire and survey interviews were used （May-July, 2011）, while backyard and commercial broiler chicken flocks were geocoded. The response rates collected from the study produced these findings regarding： growers＇ health practices toward flocks, hygienic precautions relative to the production area, regularity of bird inspection and cleaning after each folk, protocol used to dispose of dead birds, mixing （or lack thereof） of flocks with other livestock, as well as the average distance between small flocks and commercial farms. The study concludes that education material should focus on improving the growers＇ understanding of issues examined in the study, focusing on areas of weakness in respect to biosecurity practices.

Complete remission of leiomyosarcoma with lung and brain metastasis by chemoradiotherapy after surgery

Nowadays, leiomyosarcoma is stil dif icult to early diagnosis, has no standard treatment to fol ow, and the thera-peutic value of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy haven’t been evaluated ef ectively. Here was a case, which was misdiagnosed as uterine myoma, and was found already to occur lung metastasis after surgery. Complete remission （CR） was achieved after four cycles of albupax-containing chemotherapy. But six months later brain metastases was found. Then the patient received semustine, local radiotherapy and surgery, once again, achieved CR.

Muscle Growth of Two Nile Tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus） Strains

The objective of this research was to evaluate the muscle growth of the Nile tilapias of Thai and supreme strain. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle fibers were studied by histology. The fish were cultivated in cages in a dam and as they grew they were weighed and measured in length. In tissue samples, it was evaluated the quantity of cells area~ and the diameter of the white, pink and red muscle fibers. The supreme strain presented greater number of white and pink fibers mm2 and smaller number of red fibers when compared to the Thai strain. 5-10 cm fish presented higher number of white, pink and red fibers mm： and smaller average diameter of the white and pink fibers, when compared to a 10-15 cm fish. The average diameter of the white and pink fibers increased in 10-15 cm fish, compared to 5-10 era. White fibers smaller than 10 ~tm were found only in the 5-10 cm supreme strain. Tilapias of Thai and supreme strain presented different standard distribution of red, pink and white muscle fibers. Supreme strain, genetically improved, presented higher hyperplasia of white fibers than Thai strain, and this can indicate its higher potential growth.

Limb salvage surgery of patients with osteosarcoma sustaining pathologic fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the oncological result of the treatment of 12 patients with osteosarcoma sustaining pathologic fracture. Methods: There were 9 male and 3 female patients, the average age was 17.6 years (ranged, 11–34 years). All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, wide margin resection was achieved and skeletal reconstruction was done with locally designed and custom-manufactured prosthesis. Follow-up examination was carried out at an average of 36 months (range from 12–94 months). Results: Nine patients had survived and of these 8 patients were free from disease while one patient was alive with disease. The functional result (using the 30-point rating system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society) was excellent in three (25%), good in six (50%), fair in three (25%). Conclusion: The performance of a limb-salvage procedure in a patient with pathologic fracture, particularly for one that unites following chemotherapy, does not significantly increase the risk of local recurrence or survival.

Bioaccumulation of Mercury in Fish Species from Different Trophic Level

Mercury （Hg） is an environmental pollutant, and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food web. Twenty four fish samples of different tropic level i.e., Herbivore, Omnivore and Carnivore were collected from two contaminated rivers, the Megna and the Buriganga which surround the Dhaka division for the assessment of toxic Hg. Fourteen samples were found to contain Hg in the range of 0.01-0.09 mg/kg. The highest Hg （0.09 mg/kg） was found in the Carnivore, Bele （Glossogobius giuris）. However, all fish species had lower amount of Hg than the maximum Hg limit （0.5 mg/kg for fish） set by World Health Organization （WHO）. Among all the fish species, the order of bioaccumulation was carnivore 〉 omnivore 〉 herbivore. Kajoli （Ailia coila）, Shing （Heteropnuestes fossilis）, Rui （Labeo rohita）, Chewa （Tryauchen vagine）, Rita （Rita rita）, Hilsha （Tenualosa ilisha）, Small Puti （Puntius sophore）, Bacha （Eutropiichthys vacha） and Chingri （smallprawn） were not found to contain any Hg which indicated that fish species from these rivers are safe for human consumption.

Observation of the effects of back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling on balance and walking function in patients after stroke and its mechanism

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling on balance and walking function in patients after stroke and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 79 patients with post-stroke balance and walking dysfunction were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group.Both groups received conventional treatments such as dietary guidance and oral medications as well as rehabilitation training.On this basis,the control group was treated with additional conventional acupuncture,and the observation group was treated with additional back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling.Both groups were treated for 4 consecutive weeks.The thickness of abdominal muscle group(transverse abdominal muscle,rectus abdominis,obliquus internus abdominis,and obliquus externus abdominis),the scores of Berg balance scale(BBS),Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA),and functional ambulation categories(FAC),and walking velocity and stride were compared between the two groups.Results:During the trial,there was 1 dropout case in the control group and 4 dropout cases in the observation group.Before treatment,there were no statistical differences in the abdominal muscle group thickness,scores of BBS,FMA,and FAC,and walking velocity and stride between the two groups(P>0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the thickness of abdominal muscle groups,scores of BBS,FMA,and FAC,and walking velocity and stride in both groups were improved(P<0.01),and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both conventional acupuncture and back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling are conducive to the improvement of balance and walking function in patients after stroke.The back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling method has better curative efficacy.Strengthening the core muscle group strength may be one of the mechanisms of back-Shu and front-Mu points combination needling treatment.

Association between SMN2 methylation and disease severity in Chinese children with spinal muscular atrophy

The homozygous loss of the survival motor neuron 1 （SMN1） gene is the primary cause of spinal muscular atrophy （SMA）, a neuromuscular degenerative disease. A genetically similar gene, SMN2, which is not functionally equivalent in all SMA patients, modifies the clinical SMA phenotypes. We analyzed the methylation levels of 4 CpG islands （CGIs） in SMN2 in 35 Chinese children with SMA by MassARRAY. We found that three CpG units located in CGI 1 （nucleotides （nt） -871, -735） and CGI 4 （nt ＋999） are significantly hypomethylated in SMA type III compared with type I or II children after receiving Bonferroni correction. In addition to the differentially methylated CpG unit of nt -871, the methylation level of the nt -290/-288/-285 unit was negatively correlated with the expression of SMN2 full-length transcripts （SMN2-fl）. In addition, the methylation level at nt ＋938 was inversely proportional to the ratio of SMN2-fl and lacking exon 7 transcripts （SMN2-A7, fl/A7）, and was not associated with the SMN2 transcript levels. Thus, we can conclude that SMN2 methylation may regulate the SMA disease phenotype by modulating its transcription.