药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)是导致患者住院的常见原因并造成高额的社会成本。由于避免ADR的边际成本是递增的,因此从经济学的角度来看,ADR的发生率不是最小化而是最优化问题,是在成本与效益之间找到最优平衡的问题,本文对...药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)是导致患者住院的常见原因并造成高额的社会成本。由于避免ADR的边际成本是递增的,因此从经济学的角度来看,ADR的发生率不是最小化而是最优化问题,是在成本与效益之间找到最优平衡的问题,本文对ADR发生率的最优平衡点和相关的制度作了探讨。展开更多
补偿负荷不平衡时,通常以理想三相电压源电势作为公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)参考电压,实际系统中据此设计的补偿网络并不能完全平衡。对此,针对负荷不平衡的三相三线制电路,为更符合PCC处三相电压不对称的实际情形,该文...补偿负荷不平衡时,通常以理想三相电压源电势作为公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)参考电压,实际系统中据此设计的补偿网络并不能完全平衡。对此,针对负荷不平衡的三相三线制电路,为更符合PCC处三相电压不对称的实际情形,该文考虑系统导纳,将系统侧等效为戴维南模型后,建立了不平衡负荷的负序加权等效模型;基于等效负荷参数,运用Steinmetz平衡化理论给出了相间补偿网络电纳的负序加权计算公式。网络参数是以加权系数为变量的函数,可兼容已有的针对三相三线制电路设计的平衡化补偿网络方法,为补偿的优化提供了理论基础。结合具体算例,该文给出了负序加权系数和补偿容量的三维关系图,以补偿容量最小为目标,确定出平衡化补偿的最优方案,仿真与物理实验验证了所提模型和平衡化方法的正确性。展开更多
In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen ...In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen to establish an initial road model,which is specified by a series of control points and tension parameters.Then,in view of the initial road model,a gradual optimization algorithm,which can determine the reasonable control points and optimal tension parameters according to the degree of the change of road curvature,is proposed to determine the final road model.Finally,the proposed road modeling method is verified a d evaluated through experiments,and it is compared with the conventional method for digital maps based on the B-spline.The results show that the proposed method can resize a neaoptimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements.Compared with the conventional method based on the B-spline,this method occupies less data storage and achieves higher accuracy.展开更多
文摘药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)是导致患者住院的常见原因并造成高额的社会成本。由于避免ADR的边际成本是递增的,因此从经济学的角度来看,ADR的发生率不是最小化而是最优化问题,是在成本与效益之间找到最优平衡的问题,本文对ADR发生率的最优平衡点和相关的制度作了探讨。
文摘补偿负荷不平衡时,通常以理想三相电压源电势作为公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)参考电压,实际系统中据此设计的补偿网络并不能完全平衡。对此,针对负荷不平衡的三相三线制电路,为更符合PCC处三相电压不对称的实际情形,该文考虑系统导纳,将系统侧等效为戴维南模型后,建立了不平衡负荷的负序加权等效模型;基于等效负荷参数,运用Steinmetz平衡化理论给出了相间补偿网络电纳的负序加权计算公式。网络参数是以加权系数为变量的函数,可兼容已有的针对三相三线制电路设计的平衡化补偿网络方法,为补偿的优化提供了理论基础。结合具体算例,该文给出了负序加权系数和补偿容量的三维关系图,以补偿容量最小为目标,确定出平衡化补偿的最优方案,仿真与物理实验验证了所提模型和平衡化方法的正确性。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61273236)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2016YFC0802706,2017YFC0804804)+1 种基金the Program for Special Talents in Six Major Fields of Jiangsu Province(No.2017JXQC-003)the Project of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z161100001416001)
文摘In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen to establish an initial road model,which is specified by a series of control points and tension parameters.Then,in view of the initial road model,a gradual optimization algorithm,which can determine the reasonable control points and optimal tension parameters according to the degree of the change of road curvature,is proposed to determine the final road model.Finally,the proposed road modeling method is verified a d evaluated through experiments,and it is compared with the conventional method for digital maps based on the B-spline.The results show that the proposed method can resize a neaoptimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements.Compared with the conventional method based on the B-spline,this method occupies less data storage and achieves higher accuracy.
