可再生能源和负荷的波动性、不确定性等给综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的安全灵活运行带来了极大挑战。为提高IES灵活调节能力与可再生能源消纳水平,提出一种计及灵活性资源的IES源荷协调优化调度方法。针对系统内运行...可再生能源和负荷的波动性、不确定性等给综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的安全灵活运行带来了极大挑战。为提高IES灵活调节能力与可再生能源消纳水平,提出一种计及灵活性资源的IES源荷协调优化调度方法。针对系统内运行灵活性需求,精细刻画各类资源灵活性能力,源侧根据电氢耦合单元运行特性构建热电联产机组(combined heating and power,CHP)和氢燃料电池(hydrogen fuel cell,HFC)联合运行模型,荷侧考虑综合需求响应的灵活性供给能力,建立系统综合灵活性供给模型。根据不同时刻运行灵活性不足问题分成2种调度模式,构建基于IES灵活性约束的优化调度模型,并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,所提出的优化调度方法能够有效提高IES灵活调节能力和可再生能源消纳水平。展开更多
This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves,...This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves, with mulberry trees in spring and autumn as the material and as per ＂3414＂ experimental design. The results showed that the qualities and active substance content of mulberry leaves changed from increasing to decreasing with its development; crude protein and solu-ble sugar achieved the peak on August 20; total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin was the highest on May 15. Fertilizations with N, P and K fertilizers at different amounts had significant effects on quality of mulberry leaf and content of active substances. Specifically, as fertilizer amount increased, the content of active sub- stances grew dramatically and achieved the highest at level 2 （X^2X=X~_）. Based on fertilizer effect functions of objective yield, the recommended amounts of N, P and K fertilizers based on crude protein, soluble sugar, flavonoid content and DNJ in test sites were 718.46, 220.11 and 305.23 kg/hm2, when the highest of crude protein in mulberry leaf was 1 813.83 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were recommended at 666.54, 204.41 and 243.18 kg/hm2, soluble sugar in mulberry leaf achieved the peak at 1 042.65 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 675.96, 326.49 and 462.90 kg/hm2, flavonoid content achieved the maximum at 147.90 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 720.9, 225.11 and 323.63 kg/hm2, DNJ content was the highest at 13.55 kg/hm2.展开更多
文摘可再生能源和负荷的波动性、不确定性等给综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的安全灵活运行带来了极大挑战。为提高IES灵活调节能力与可再生能源消纳水平,提出一种计及灵活性资源的IES源荷协调优化调度方法。针对系统内运行灵活性需求,精细刻画各类资源灵活性能力,源侧根据电氢耦合单元运行特性构建热电联产机组(combined heating and power,CHP)和氢燃料电池(hydrogen fuel cell,HFC)联合运行模型,荷侧考虑综合需求响应的灵活性供给能力,建立系统综合灵活性供给模型。根据不同时刻运行灵活性不足问题分成2种调度模式,构建基于IES灵活性约束的优化调度模型,并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,所提出的优化调度方法能够有效提高IES灵活调节能力和可再生能源消纳水平。
基金Supported by Crop Breeding Key Program of the 12th Five-year Plan(No.2011yzgg-1302-01)Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2011LWJJ-008)+1 种基金Sichuan Financial Genetic Engineering(2011JYGC10-027-02)Special Fund of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction(No.CARS-22)~~
文摘This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves, with mulberry trees in spring and autumn as the material and as per ＂3414＂ experimental design. The results showed that the qualities and active substance content of mulberry leaves changed from increasing to decreasing with its development; crude protein and solu-ble sugar achieved the peak on August 20; total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin was the highest on May 15. Fertilizations with N, P and K fertilizers at different amounts had significant effects on quality of mulberry leaf and content of active substances. Specifically, as fertilizer amount increased, the content of active sub- stances grew dramatically and achieved the highest at level 2 （X^2X=X~_）. Based on fertilizer effect functions of objective yield, the recommended amounts of N, P and K fertilizers based on crude protein, soluble sugar, flavonoid content and DNJ in test sites were 718.46, 220.11 and 305.23 kg/hm2, when the highest of crude protein in mulberry leaf was 1 813.83 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were recommended at 666.54, 204.41 and 243.18 kg/hm2, soluble sugar in mulberry leaf achieved the peak at 1 042.65 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 675.96, 326.49 and 462.90 kg/hm2, flavonoid content achieved the maximum at 147.90 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 720.9, 225.11 and 323.63 kg/hm2, DNJ content was the highest at 13.55 kg/hm2.
