Rotating machines are very sensitive to mass unbalance which has a harmful effect on its running accuracy and service life. Therefore,a variety of dynamic balancing methods and devices are studied to reduce the vibrat...Rotating machines are very sensitive to mass unbalance which has a harmful effect on its running accuracy and service life. Therefore,a variety of dynamic balancing methods and devices are studied to reduce the vibration caused by mass unbalance. On-line active balancing is a new balancing procedure which is more convenient and precise than the previous methods. In this paper,an electromagnetic balancer based on ring coils and permanent magnets is presented. The balancer has a simple structure and the self-locking function without clutch,and transfers power by the non-contact electromagnetic field. In order to justify the rationality of its design,a two-dimension(2D) electromagnetic finite element model is conducted to verify that this magnetic circuit has no flux leakage and saturation. A three-dimension (3D) 1/10 model of the balancer is built to obtain the self-locking torque and driving torque. Based on the research work above,an electromagnetic balancer is developed. By testing the balancer using COCO80,it is verified effective to reduce the rotor unbalance at the speed of 1300 r/min.展开更多
Nitrogen balance method and nitrogen-free diet were used in this study to determine nitrogen maintenance requirement (NM) and nitrogen maintenance requirement per unit metabolism body weight (NM’) of black porgy Acan...Nitrogen balance method and nitrogen-free diet were used in this study to determine nitrogen maintenance requirement (NM) and nitrogen maintenance requirement per unit metabolism body weight (NM’) of black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Fish with body weight (BW) of 50, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g were fed by the diets containing three graded levels of crude protein (380, 420 and 460 g/kg). The results from nitrogen balance experiment showed that the amount of nitrogen deposition varied from 0.15 to 0.31 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 12.2% to 21.1% of nitrogen intake. The amount of fecal nitrogen excretion varied from 0.21 to 0.32 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 16.3% to 21.6% of nitrogen intake. The endogenous nitrogen excretion, a main part of nitrogen consumption varied from 0.79 to 0.97 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 63.3 % to 68.0% of nitrogen intake. Positive correlation was found between NM and body weight, while a negative correlation was found between NM of unit body weight and the growth duration. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in NM’ among different growth stages. The average of NM’ was 0.485 7mg/g per day. The results from nitrogen-free diet experiment showed that a negative correlation between NM and feed intake of nitrogen-free diet. NM increased with the decrease of feed intake of fish. The average of NM was 0.482 9 mg/g BW per day that was close to 0.483 8 mg/g BW obtained from fish with 120 g BW in nitrogen balance experiment. The nitrogen balance method is recommended to be a better method for determining NM in consideration of fish stress and result stability. This study also provides a calculated result of the protein content in diets, which is necessary for maintaining fish body protein at different growth stages. The calculation was based on the amount of nitrogen required for maintaining body protein per kg BW.展开更多
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2010ZX04012-014)
文摘Rotating machines are very sensitive to mass unbalance which has a harmful effect on its running accuracy and service life. Therefore,a variety of dynamic balancing methods and devices are studied to reduce the vibration caused by mass unbalance. On-line active balancing is a new balancing procedure which is more convenient and precise than the previous methods. In this paper,an electromagnetic balancer based on ring coils and permanent magnets is presented. The balancer has a simple structure and the self-locking function without clutch,and transfers power by the non-contact electromagnetic field. In order to justify the rationality of its design,a two-dimension(2D) electromagnetic finite element model is conducted to verify that this magnetic circuit has no flux leakage and saturation. A three-dimension (3D) 1/10 model of the balancer is built to obtain the self-locking torque and driving torque. Based on the research work above,an electromagnetic balancer is developed. By testing the balancer using COCO80,it is verified effective to reduce the rotor unbalance at the speed of 1300 r/min.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project Grant (No.2004C100059) from the city government of Ningbo, China.
文摘Nitrogen balance method and nitrogen-free diet were used in this study to determine nitrogen maintenance requirement (NM) and nitrogen maintenance requirement per unit metabolism body weight (NM’) of black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Fish with body weight (BW) of 50, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g were fed by the diets containing three graded levels of crude protein (380, 420 and 460 g/kg). The results from nitrogen balance experiment showed that the amount of nitrogen deposition varied from 0.15 to 0.31 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 12.2% to 21.1% of nitrogen intake. The amount of fecal nitrogen excretion varied from 0.21 to 0.32 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 16.3% to 21.6% of nitrogen intake. The endogenous nitrogen excretion, a main part of nitrogen consumption varied from 0.79 to 0.97 mg/g BW per day, accounting for 63.3 % to 68.0% of nitrogen intake. Positive correlation was found between NM and body weight, while a negative correlation was found between NM of unit body weight and the growth duration. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in NM’ among different growth stages. The average of NM’ was 0.485 7mg/g per day. The results from nitrogen-free diet experiment showed that a negative correlation between NM and feed intake of nitrogen-free diet. NM increased with the decrease of feed intake of fish. The average of NM was 0.482 9 mg/g BW per day that was close to 0.483 8 mg/g BW obtained from fish with 120 g BW in nitrogen balance experiment. The nitrogen balance method is recommended to be a better method for determining NM in consideration of fish stress and result stability. This study also provides a calculated result of the protein content in diets, which is necessary for maintaining fish body protein at different growth stages. The calculation was based on the amount of nitrogen required for maintaining body protein per kg BW.
