Negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） Agreement have concluded, but the TPP still must be ratified by each of the 12 member countries. China is the world＇s second largest economy and yet it has not j...Negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） Agreement have concluded, but the TPP still must be ratified by each of the 12 member countries. China is the world＇s second largest economy and yet it has not joined the TPP. This has provoked much debate in China as to the best strategic approach to the TPP This paper analyzes China＇s possible strategy for the TPP agreement. We make three key points. First, the security of market access should be China＇s main concern in any free-trade agreement negotiations, regrettably, it is not included in TPP. The second point is that the present TPP agreement is somewhat diminished from its ambitious original claims. We suggest four strategies for China. The first is to promote the development of China＇s remaining regional and bilateral free trade agreements （FTAs）. The second is to negotiate a bilateral FTA with the United States. The third is to promote deep domestic reforms via enlarged TPP coverage. The last is negotiating entrance to the entering do not worsen. TPP as soon as possible so that terms of展开更多
This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,a...This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.展开更多
An essential annulus A properly imbedded in a 3-manifold M is said to be spanning with respect to a Hereaard splitting VUFW of M if the two components of A are lying in A and separately and A intersects the Heegaard s...An essential annulus A properly imbedded in a 3-manifold M is said to be spanning with respect to a Hereaard splitting VUFW of M if the two components of A are lying in A and separately and A intersects the Heegaard surface F in one circle. In this paper,a sufficient and necessary condition that there is a spanning annulus A in a 3-manifold M with respect to the Heegaard splitting VUFW is given.展开更多
The wind pressure pulse events, among the most important characteristics of wind pressure fluctuations on large-span flat roofs, were investigated by wind tunnel tests in this paper. Incorporating the formation mechan...The wind pressure pulse events, among the most important characteristics of wind pressure fluctuations on large-span flat roofs, were investigated by wind tunnel tests in this paper. Incorporating the formation mechanism of wind pressure pulse events, the peak over threshold method was employed to study properties of this kind of events. The event duration time, the energy contribution, the number of the pulse events, and the distribution of average peak pressure were calculated. Probability density functions of some typical samples in separation region were also given. Results show that the non-Gaussian roof pressure is strong in the flow separation region owing to the wind pressure pulse events. Evaluations of the extreme peak pressures, which can be determined by the peak over threshold method effectively, are important to the design of building cladding.展开更多
Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is link...Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is linked to an air–sea phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean,and then propose the Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole(TAPOD)index as a measure for this tropical ocean phenomenon,which is found to be closely correlated with the West African summer rainfall anomalies.Using observational and reanalysis datasets,composite analysis suggests that enhanced precipitation in West Africa is associated with the positive phase of the TAPOD,which is characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the tropical Atlantic and cool SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.During the positive phase of the TAPOD,there are significant westerly anomalies over the tropical Atlantic Ocean,which drives anomalous water vapor convergence over West Africa,leading to enhanced precipitation in the region.展开更多
. A dialect refers to a local variation of a language which is distinguished fi＇om variants of the same language in grammar, lexis, or pronuneiation. A dialect plays an important role in second language learning. It .... A dialect refers to a local variation of a language which is distinguished fi＇om variants of the same language in grammar, lexis, or pronuneiation. A dialect plays an important role in second language learning. It can be a positive element as well as negative one in second language learning. Pingdu dialect as a kind of mandarin variation has its own structure and pronunciation rules. By contrastive analysis, we study the negative transfer of Pingdu Dialect on English pronunciation. We mainly concentrate on how two initials ＂s＂ and ＂z＂ in pinyin which sound like two English consonants/0 /and/6/influence the pronunciation of English consonants/s/and/z/. We also fred the countermeasures to overcome negative transfer of dialect on the acquisition of English pronunciation, thereby helping EFL learners in certain area of China acquire accurate English pronuneiations and enhance the ability of intercultural eommunication.展开更多
When applying Software-Defined Networks(SDN) to WANs,the SDN flexibility enables the cross-domain control to achieve a better control scalability.However,the control consistence is required by all the cross-domain ser...When applying Software-Defined Networks(SDN) to WANs,the SDN flexibility enables the cross-domain control to achieve a better control scalability.However,the control consistence is required by all the cross-domain services,to ensure the data plane configured in consensus for different domains.Such consistence process is complicated by potential failure and errors of WANs.In this paper,we propose a consistence layer to actively and passively snapshot the cross-domain control states,to reduce the complexities of service realizations.We implement the layer and evaluate performance in the PlanetLab testbed for the WAN emulation.The testbed conditions are extremely enlarged comparing to the real network.The results show its scalability,reliability and responsiveness in dealing with the control dynamics.In the normalized results,the active and passive snapshots are executed with the mean times of 1.873 s and 105 ms in135 controllers,indicating its readiness to be used in the real network.展开更多
Background： In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete＇s training, especially at the elite level. However, the sport science is a broad field, encompas...Background： In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete＇s training, especially at the elite level. However, the sport science is a broad field, encompassing disciplines such as biomechanics, motor control and learning, exercise physiology, sports medicine, sport psychology to name a few. Rarely are these disciplines applied in an integrated manner. The purpose of this study was to document the effectiveness of an integrated biomechanics and motor control protocol for improving athlete＇s performance in the high jump. Methods： Four elite high jumpers performed baseline jumps under no^mal conditions and then jumps using a specific external focus of attention cue designed to improve their running posture. Three-dimensional biomeehanical analysis was used to quantify the upright posture throughout the approach as well as horizontal velocity at plant and vertical velocity at takeoff. Results： The results showed that when using the external focus of attention cue, the jumpers were significantly more upright during the approach, had significantly higher horizontal velocities at plant, and generated significantly greater vertical velocities during the takeoff. Conclusion： The results of this study lay the foundation for future work examining how integrating sport science disciplines can improve performance of elite level athletes.展开更多
This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-comm...This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-commerce companies. This paper introduces three development models of E-commerce finance. Banks set up their own E-commerce platform. The banks take advantage of E-commerce platform. The E-commerce companies run financial business. The theoretical findings reported in this paper pave the way for embarking on the promising and relevant future research.展开更多
In this paper, we made a systematic study on more than 40 years of observational data of ten temporary fault-crossing measurement sites in the capital circle region of China. We calculated horizontal and vertical comp...In this paper, we made a systematic study on more than 40 years of observational data of ten temporary fault-crossing measurement sites in the capital circle region of China. We calculated horizontal and vertical components of fault slip, and horizontal extension or compression components. Considering the tectonic characteristics of the capital circle region and regional seismicity, we analyzed the present fault activity of the capital circle region and the relationship with earthquakes. The results show the complexity of fault activity in the region： the level of activity of all faults is low, most faults are left-lateral strike-slip faults; there is less vertical activity than horizontal activity and crustal movement is controlled by horizontal movement; fault activity and earthquake activity have a certain relationship, regional fault activity increases before an earthquake, and fault activity has certain abnormal features before strong earthquakes.展开更多
In this study, a transonic flow past NACA0012 profile at angle of attack α=0^0 whose aspect ratio AR is 1.0 with non-equilibrium condensation is analyzed by numerical analysis using a TVD scheme and is investigated u...In this study, a transonic flow past NACA0012 profile at angle of attack α=0^0 whose aspect ratio AR is 1.0 with non-equilibrium condensation is analyzed by numerical analysis using a TVD scheme and is investigated using an intermittent indraft type supersonic wind tunnel. Transonic flows of 0.78-0.90 in free stream Mach number with the variations of the stagnation relative humidity（φ0） are tested. For the same free stream Mach number, the increase in φ0 causes decrease in the drag coefficient of profile which is composed of the drag components of form, viscous and wave. In the case of the same Moo and To, for more than φ0=30%, despite the irreversibility of process in non-equilibrium condensation, the drag by shock wave decreases considerably with the increase of φ0. On the other hand, it shows that the effect of condensation on the drag coefficients of form and viscous is negligible. As an example, the decreasing rate in the drag coefficient of profile caused by the influence of non-equilibrium condensation for the case of M∞=0.9 and φ0 =50% amounts to 34%. Also, it were turned out that the size of supersonic bubble （that is, the maximum height of supersonic zone） and the deviation of pressure coefficient from the value for M=1 decrease with the increase of φ0 for the same M∞.展开更多
文摘Negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） Agreement have concluded, but the TPP still must be ratified by each of the 12 member countries. China is the world＇s second largest economy and yet it has not joined the TPP. This has provoked much debate in China as to the best strategic approach to the TPP This paper analyzes China＇s possible strategy for the TPP agreement. We make three key points. First, the security of market access should be China＇s main concern in any free-trade agreement negotiations, regrettably, it is not included in TPP. The second point is that the present TPP agreement is somewhat diminished from its ambitious original claims. We suggest four strategies for China. The first is to promote the development of China＇s remaining regional and bilateral free trade agreements （FTAs）. The second is to negotiate a bilateral FTA with the United States. The third is to promote deep domestic reforms via enlarged TPP coverage. The last is negotiating entrance to the entering do not worsen. TPP as soon as possible so that terms of
文摘This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.
文摘An essential annulus A properly imbedded in a 3-manifold M is said to be spanning with respect to a Hereaard splitting VUFW of M if the two components of A are lying in A and separately and A intersects the Heegaard surface F in one circle. In this paper,a sufficient and necessary condition that there is a spanning annulus A in a 3-manifold M with respect to the Heegaard splitting VUFW is given.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50708030 and 90815021)
文摘The wind pressure pulse events, among the most important characteristics of wind pressure fluctuations on large-span flat roofs, were investigated by wind tunnel tests in this paper. Incorporating the formation mechanism of wind pressure pulse events, the peak over threshold method was employed to study properties of this kind of events. The event duration time, the energy contribution, the number of the pulse events, and the distribution of average peak pressure were calculated. Probability density functions of some typical samples in separation region were also given. Results show that the non-Gaussian roof pressure is strong in the flow separation region owing to the wind pressure pulse events. Evaluations of the extreme peak pressures, which can be determined by the peak over threshold method effectively, are important to the design of building cladding.
基金jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)[grant number XDA19030403]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41575095 and41661144032]+1 种基金the CAS ‘Belt and Road Initiatives’ Program on International Cooperation [grant number134111KYSB20160010]Victor Nnamdi DIKE acknowledges the support of a CAS-TWAS President Fellowship
文摘Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is linked to an air–sea phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean,and then propose the Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole(TAPOD)index as a measure for this tropical ocean phenomenon,which is found to be closely correlated with the West African summer rainfall anomalies.Using observational and reanalysis datasets,composite analysis suggests that enhanced precipitation in West Africa is associated with the positive phase of the TAPOD,which is characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the tropical Atlantic and cool SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.During the positive phase of the TAPOD,there are significant westerly anomalies over the tropical Atlantic Ocean,which drives anomalous water vapor convergence over West Africa,leading to enhanced precipitation in the region.
文摘. A dialect refers to a local variation of a language which is distinguished fi＇om variants of the same language in grammar, lexis, or pronuneiation. A dialect plays an important role in second language learning. It can be a positive element as well as negative one in second language learning. Pingdu dialect as a kind of mandarin variation has its own structure and pronunciation rules. By contrastive analysis, we study the negative transfer of Pingdu Dialect on English pronunciation. We mainly concentrate on how two initials ＂s＂ and ＂z＂ in pinyin which sound like two English consonants/0 /and/6/influence the pronunciation of English consonants/s/and/z/. We also fred the countermeasures to overcome negative transfer of dialect on the acquisition of English pronunciation, thereby helping EFL learners in certain area of China acquire accurate English pronuneiations and enhance the ability of intercultural eommunication.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB315903)the Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province(2011R50010,2013TD20)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research Program of China(2015AA016103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61379118)the Research Fund of ZTE CorporationJiaxing Science and Technology Project (No.2014AY21021)
文摘When applying Software-Defined Networks(SDN) to WANs,the SDN flexibility enables the cross-domain control to achieve a better control scalability.However,the control consistence is required by all the cross-domain services,to ensure the data plane configured in consensus for different domains.Such consistence process is complicated by potential failure and errors of WANs.In this paper,we propose a consistence layer to actively and passively snapshot the cross-domain control states,to reduce the complexities of service realizations.We implement the layer and evaluate performance in the PlanetLab testbed for the WAN emulation.The testbed conditions are extremely enlarged comparing to the real network.The results show its scalability,reliability and responsiveness in dealing with the control dynamics.In the normalized results,the active and passive snapshots are executed with the mean times of 1.873 s and 105 ms in135 controllers,indicating its readiness to be used in the real network.
文摘Background： In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete＇s training, especially at the elite level. However, the sport science is a broad field, encompassing disciplines such as biomechanics, motor control and learning, exercise physiology, sports medicine, sport psychology to name a few. Rarely are these disciplines applied in an integrated manner. The purpose of this study was to document the effectiveness of an integrated biomechanics and motor control protocol for improving athlete＇s performance in the high jump. Methods： Four elite high jumpers performed baseline jumps under no^mal conditions and then jumps using a specific external focus of attention cue designed to improve their running posture. Three-dimensional biomeehanical analysis was used to quantify the upright posture throughout the approach as well as horizontal velocity at plant and vertical velocity at takeoff. Results： The results showed that when using the external focus of attention cue, the jumpers were significantly more upright during the approach, had significantly higher horizontal velocities at plant, and generated significantly greater vertical velocities during the takeoff. Conclusion： The results of this study lay the foundation for future work examining how integrating sport science disciplines can improve performance of elite level athletes.
文摘This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-commerce companies. This paper introduces three development models of E-commerce finance. Banks set up their own E-commerce platform. The banks take advantage of E-commerce platform. The E-commerce companies run financial business. The theoretical findings reported in this paper pave the way for embarking on the promising and relevant future research.
基金sponsored by the Special Foundation of China Earthquake Administration(HBA2)Beijing Nature and Science Foundation(8022009)+1 种基金Spark Program of Earthquake Sciences(XH12001)Youth Seismic Condition Tracking Subject from China Earthquake Administration(2012020201)
文摘In this paper, we made a systematic study on more than 40 years of observational data of ten temporary fault-crossing measurement sites in the capital circle region of China. We calculated horizontal and vertical components of fault slip, and horizontal extension or compression components. Considering the tectonic characteristics of the capital circle region and regional seismicity, we analyzed the present fault activity of the capital circle region and the relationship with earthquakes. The results show the complexity of fault activity in the region： the level of activity of all faults is low, most faults are left-lateral strike-slip faults; there is less vertical activity than horizontal activity and crustal movement is controlled by horizontal movement; fault activity and earthquake activity have a certain relationship, regional fault activity increases before an earthquake, and fault activity has certain abnormal features before strong earthquakes.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(2012-0004567)Kyungpook National University Research Fund 2012
文摘In this study, a transonic flow past NACA0012 profile at angle of attack α=0^0 whose aspect ratio AR is 1.0 with non-equilibrium condensation is analyzed by numerical analysis using a TVD scheme and is investigated using an intermittent indraft type supersonic wind tunnel. Transonic flows of 0.78-0.90 in free stream Mach number with the variations of the stagnation relative humidity（φ0） are tested. For the same free stream Mach number, the increase in φ0 causes decrease in the drag coefficient of profile which is composed of the drag components of form, viscous and wave. In the case of the same Moo and To, for more than φ0=30%, despite the irreversibility of process in non-equilibrium condensation, the drag by shock wave decreases considerably with the increase of φ0. On the other hand, it shows that the effect of condensation on the drag coefficients of form and viscous is negligible. As an example, the decreasing rate in the drag coefficient of profile caused by the influence of non-equilibrium condensation for the case of M∞=0.9 and φ0 =50% amounts to 34%. Also, it were turned out that the size of supersonic bubble （that is, the maximum height of supersonic zone） and the deviation of pressure coefficient from the value for M=1 decrease with the increase of φ0 for the same M∞.
