平金方治疗慢性咳嗽的临床研究

目的探讨平金方治疗慢性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法 90例慢性咳嗽患者随机分为治疗组及对照组各45例,分别予中药平金方和复方可待因口服溶液(新泰洛其)治疗,疗程2周,观察2组的临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率89%,对照组总有效率72%,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组患者咳嗽及咽痒症状均显著减轻(P<0.01和0.05)。结论平金方治疗慢性咳嗽有良好的临床疗效,优于复方可待因口服溶液。

平金方治疗慢性咳嗽的临床研究

目的观察平金方治疗慢性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法将90例慢性咳嗽患者随机分为治疗组(45例)和对照组(45例),分别予中药平金方和复方可待因口服溶液治疗,疗程为2周,观察中医证候积分变化情况,并评价临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率达88.89%,对照组总有效率为72.09%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组中医证候总积分、咳嗽症状积分较治疗前减少(P<0.01),治疗组治疗后咳嗽积分低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论平金方治疗慢性咳嗽疗效良好。

Determination of Competitive Adsorption and Desorption of Heavy Metals by Isotherm and Sequential Extraction Methods in Different Soil Orders in Erzurum Plain

The objective of this study was to DTPA （complexion agent） and a sequential extraction procedure, and adsorption-desorption isotherm （competitive） evaluate the mobility and distribution of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb using the in surface samples of five soil great groups differing in their physicochemical properties. For determining heavy metal adsorption and desorption capacities of soil samples, six different concentrations （0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Lt） were used in a laboratory experiment with tree replications. An analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extractions has been used for partitioning of heavy metals into five fractions. Sorption isotherms were characterized using linear, Frendlich and Langmuir equations. The results indicated that the selective sequences of the metal adsorption based on the distribution coefficient was Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Cd〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe and Pb, Cu, and Ni are the most strongly sorbed metals by these soils, whereas Cd, Zn and Mn are the least sorbed ones. The total adsorbed amount of these metals on the studied soils was well described by Langmuir equation. Calciorthid had the highset Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Fe adsorption, and the sequences followed order Fluvaquent〉Argiustoll〉Pellustert〉Haplustept of the studied soil.

Three-dimensional simulation of sintering crunodes of metal powders or fibers by level set method

The difference of sintering crunodes of metal powders and fibers is discussed. The mathematical model of the surface diffusion described by the difference in mean curvature is defined as a Hamilton-Jacobi-type equation, and the model is numerically solved by the level set method. The three-dimensional numerical simulations of two metal powders and fibers(the fiber angle is 0° or 90°) are implemented by this mathematical model, respectively. The numerical simulation results accord with the experimental ones. The sintering neck growth trends of metal powders and metal fibers are similar. The sintering neck radius of metal fibers is larger than that of metal powders. The difference of the neck radius is caused by the difference of geometric structure which makes an important influence on the curvature affecting the migration rate of atoms.

Specificity and Semantic Horizon of the Human Sciences from the Viewpoint of Bakhtin＇s Metalinguistics

This article explores the potential resources of the Bakhtin＇s theory of dialogism and its core concepts for the development of the philosophy and methodology of the human sciences. Focusing on Bakhtin＇s late essays： ＂The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences; From Notes Made in 1970-71;＂ and ＂Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences,＂ the author deals with such concepts as sense, semantic whole, superaddressee, the third, and outsideness. Metalinguistics is interpreted as a philosophical approach to the problems of humanities methodology. The specifics of the human sciences, which Bakhtin put to the question, are described in comparison and correlation with the natural sciences. The author elaborates the idea of the communicative three-part relationship or trilogue （as a development of the dialogue）. The role of the superaddressee as the third participant of the trilogue between the researcher （the subject） and the text （the object） is discussed. The notion semantic whole and its implementation in the process of the sense＇s becoming （development） are analyzed.

Right to Health or the Human Right of Access to Essential Healthcare

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the human right to health and well-being including medical care, but for the majority of people whom are not covered by health insurance this is better said than done. Ensuring the access of all citizens to the needed medical care requires the provision of health insurance coverage to a population pool and gradually expanding the pool to the whole nation. The ethical perspective of pooling resources across various groups of people with different levels of income and different health risks associated with age, genetics, and lifestyle, may raise the issue of individual autonomy versus social solidarity. Governmental, social, private, and community-based healthcare coverage have been used in different countries with varying details in the sources of funding, pooling of contributions, and the purchase of the covered healthcare services; these models have had varying levels of success depending on not only the availability of funds, but also on the political commitment of the state and the social solidarity and cultural attitude of the population towards universal healthcare. Therefore, universal healthcare requires not only a certain level of economic development, but also a strong sense of solidarity among the people as well as a political commitment in their government. I argue that the statement regarding the right to health, well-being, and medical care needs to be rethought, and instead universal access to essential healthcare should be regarded as a basic human right.

Analysis of Salaries and Some Non-traditional Measures of Location

The paper deals with an analysis of how to use certain measures of location in analysis of salaries. One of the traditional measures of location, the mean should offer typical value of variable, representing all its values by the best way. Sometimes, the mean is located in the tail of the distribution and gives a very biased idea about the location of the distribution. In these cases, using different measures of location could be useful. Trimmed mean is described. The trimmed mean refers to a situation where a certain proportion of the largest and smallest observations are removed and the remaining observations are averaged. The construction of some measures of location is based on the analysis of outliers. Outliers are characterized. Then the possibilities of the detection of outliers are analyzed. Computing of one-step M-estimator and modified one-step M-estimator of location is described. A comparison of the trimmed means and M-estimators of location is presented. Finally, the paper focuses on the application of the trimmed mean and M-estimators of location in analysis of salaries. The analysis of salaries of employers of the big Slovak companies in second half of the year 2009 is realized. The data from the census are used in the analysis. The median, 20% trimmed mean and the characteristics, based on the one-step M-estimator of location and modified one step M-estimator, are calculated.