断层面为曲面条件下的断层落差与平错

探讨了断层面为曲面条件下断层落差与平错的解析求法 ,使原有的落差与平错的解析求法成为所推公式在简单地质条件下的特例 。

浅部黏土层与地表饱水砂层平错隆起变形规律研究

受采动影响后的浅部饱水砂层具有移动流动性,为研究对其上覆黏土层变形的影响,采用专门物理模拟试验系统,研究了高潜水位的浅部饱水砂层受煤层采动影响后的活化规律,通过FLUENT模拟了注水加压条件下上覆黏土层形态和应力变化过程,分析了地表移动异常变形机理。研究结果表明:黏土层的移动变形是重力和渗透力共同作用的结果,自然安息角不能作为黏土层平错、隆起的主导因素;静水压力作用下砂层达到临界水力坡降使砂层活化流动,流砂层和黏土层产生流速差,出现黏土层平错和隆起现象,造成沉陷区异常扩展;从黏土层厚度由薄变厚的变化过程中,影响总体隆起高度的主要对象由砂层变为黏土层,黏土层厚度较大时,角度对砂层隆起高度影响较小;砂层角度与黏土层隆起长度、平错距离均呈正相关,且随角度的增加,变形速率逐渐加快,黏土层厚度与平错距离呈正相关,与隆起长度呈负相关,且厚度越小越易发生移动变形破坏,其中角度影响相对较大,砂层倾角的持续增大是导致层间错动加大、水平移动增加和地表沉陷影响范围扩大的主要原因。

构造地质学教材中平错与落差问题的讨论

在使用、研究教材的基础上，对教材中关于平错与落差的问题，提出了修改意见，并给出了平错与落差计算的通用公式。

线面平行中易混淆的概念

同学们在使用线面平行的判定定理时要注意两点:①平面外的一条直线一定要平行于平面内的一条直线;②平面内的那一条直线可以是任意的,只要能在平面内找出一条与平面外一条直线平行的直线,就可以证明平面外这条直线与此平面平行.

考虑工作面出煤柱尺度效应的下位回采巷道布置优化

针对遗留煤柱对下位巷道及采场产生的不利影响,以近距离煤层下行开采为背景,采用理论解析及现场实测等方法,对煤柱下底板偏应力不变量的区域特征、工作面出煤柱压架灾害的发生机理及其尺度效应展开研究。结果表明:①当上煤层相邻工作面开切眼位置不平齐时,下位巷道通过采取平错式布置,在保障巷道自身稳定的前提下,成功将工作面全长出一侧采空煤柱转化为2次小范围的出煤柱过程,实现对采场压架灾害的提前防治。②采用偏应力第二不变量(J_(2))、偏应力第三不变量(J_(3))和偏应力第二不变量(J_(2))水平变化率解析煤柱下方底板岩层的应力状态,并对底板进行分区,确定下位巷道平错距离的下限值为24 m。③工作面出煤柱期间,初次来压或周期来压与顶板-煤柱系统突变失稳产生的动载矿压耦合叠加形成冲击是压架灾害发生的根本原因,计算出煤柱尺度效应,得到平错距离上限值为36 m。燕子山煤矿工业性实践验证了下位巷道采取平错式布置且平错距离为30 m的可行性与合理性。

近距离煤层采空区下回采巷道布局研究

在近距离煤层联合开采中,下煤层布局形式一直是研究的重点。大佛寺煤矿已开采的联合采面均采用的是内错式布局。现因设备能力提升,工作面宽度加长,在4上煤已回采的前提下,内错式布局已不再适用大佛寺煤矿当前的开采。通过分析41106工作面残留煤柱下方压力影响范围,得出40111工作面回顺内错12.6 m,运顺外错42.5 m;建立数值模拟模型,通过监测分析垂直应力规律、巷道表面位移得出,40111工作面采用回顺内错13 m,运顺外错42.5 m;优化顺槽支护形式,充分发挥锚杆、锚索在支护过程中的协同作用。研究表明,40111工作面已顺利回采,巷道无明显压力显现,证明了平错式布局在大佛寺煤矿的可行性,也为后续联合采面的开采奠定了基础。

流体内压作用下封闭筒壳内力分析

采用无矩理论,对承受流体内压的椭圆形截面封闭筒壳作了内力分析.通过分析内力沿纵向和周向的变化曲线,指出在两端简支条件下,纵向拉压力T11为主要内力,其最大值为平错力S最大值的7倍多;在截面的中和轴附近T11为压力,远离中和轴T11转变为拉力.平错力S沿周向的分布类似于正弦曲线,以截面中和轴为界改变S的符号,这种内力分布导致截面产生翘曲变形.周向内力T22无论沿纵向还是在周向都是拉力,其变化平缓,数值与T11和S相比甚微,不会成为设计中考虑的控制因素.

Load balancing framework for actively replicated servers

This paper focuses on solving a problem of improving system robustness and the efficiency of a distributed system at the same time. Fault tolerance with active replication and load balancing techniques are used. The pros and cons of both techniques are analyzed, and a novel load balancing framework for fault tolerant systems with active replication is presented. Hierarchical architecture is described in detail. The framework can dynamically adjust fault tolerant groups and their memberships with respect to system loads. Three potential task scheduler group selection methods are proposed and simulation tests are made. Further analysis of test data is done and helpful observations for system design are also pointed out, including effects of task arrival intensity and task set size, relationship between total task execution time and single task execution time.

A SOLUTION TO HIGH AVAILABILITY OF OPENSTOCK

High availability is a critical mission for business system. At first, an instance of business system OPENSTOCK for pharmacy is introduced including both client and server sides. Secondly, a solution to the high availability of this system is given in detail, including design and implementation. The essentiality of this solution consists of scope of system information, system parameter tables of service status, schedule strategies of load ba lance and how to acquire system parameters and detect service states. The solution proposed is scalable and application oriented and supporting load balance for high performance and fault tolerate for high reliability. This application system has been applied and verified realistically, and the features of this business system derived in this paper have been achieved.

关于转换断层的再认识

本文分析了转换断层的深刻内涵,认为其形成过程是由于地球自转速度的变化或由于洋脊轴部的扩张速度不一致而引起岩石圈板块在地球表面作切线方向的平错运动所致。本文还分析了转换断层的三种类型,即洋脊—洋脊、俯冲带—府冲带、洋脊—府冲带转换断层。并从板块构造造运动学的角度分析了转换断层的形成机制和运动特征。最后分析了转换断层在宏观上和地质作用上的表现特征。

Characteristics of a Drainage Channel with Staggered Indented Sills for Controlling Debris Flows

The characteristics of a new type of drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows were studied. The intermediate fluid in the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a helical movement, whereas the fluid near the sidewall had a stop-start movement pattern; the viscous debris flow exhibited a stable structure between the indented sills. The experimental results indicate that the mean velocity of the debris flow increased with increasing channel gradients, and the debris flow velocity was slightly affected by the angle of the sills. The average velocity of the non-viscous debris flow increased in the range of(0.5–1.5) interval between the indented sills, whereas the average velocity of the viscous debris flow increased initially and then decreased in the range of(0.75–1.25) interval between the indented sills. The depth of the non-viscous debris flow tended to gradually increase as the channel gradients increased, whereas the depth of the viscous debris flow gradually decreased as the channel gradients increased. When the discharge of the debris flow was constant, the angle and the interval between the indented sills had a slight effect on the depth of the viscous debris flow, whereas the depth of the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a different trend, as the sill angles and intervals were varied.

An Interconnected Multi-Plane Multi-Stage Fault-Tolerant On-Board Switching Fabric

The harsh space radiation environment compromises the reliability of an on-board switching fabric by leading to cross-point and switching element(SE)faults.Different from traditional faulttolerant switching fabrics only taking crosspoint faults into account,a novel Input and Output Parallel Clos network,referred to as the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos,is proposed to tolerate both cross-point and SE faults.In the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos,there are p_1 and p_2 expanded parallel switching planes in the input and output stages,respectively.The multiple input/output switching planes are interconnected through the middle stage to provide multiple paths in each stage by which the network throughput can be increased remarkably.Furthermore,the network reliability of the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos under the above both kinds of faults is analyzed.The corresponding implementation cost is also presented along with the network size.Both theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the(p_1,p_2)-IOPClos outperforms traditional Clos-type networks at reliability,while has less implementation cost than the multi-plane Clos network.

Slip Rate on the Altyn Tagh Fault on the West of the Cherchen River (Between 85°～ 85°45′E) Since Late Quaternary

Because of the significance to the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau, the displacement and slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault have been topics full of disputation. Scientists who hold different opinions on the evolution of Tibet insist on different slip rates and displacements of the fault zone. In the article, study is focused on the late Quaternary slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault west of the Cherchen River (between 85°E and 85°45’E). On the basis of high resolution SPOT images of the region, three sites, namely Koramlik, Aqqan pasture and Dalakuansay, were chosen for field investigation. To calculate the slip rate of the fault, displacement of terraces was measured on SPOT satellite images or in situ during fieldwork and thermo-luminescence (TL) dating method was used. To get the ages of terraces, samples of sand were collected from the uppermost sand beds that lie just under loess. The method for calculating slip rate of fault is to divide the displacement of terrace risers by the age of its neighboring lower terrace. The displacement of rivers is not considered in this article because of its uncertainties. At Koramlik, the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault is 11.6±2.6mm/a since 6.02±0.47ka B.P and 9.6±2.6mm/a since 15.76±1.19ka B.P. At Aqqan pasture, about 30km west of Koramlik, the slip rate is 12.1±1.9mm/a since 2.06±0.16 ka B.P. At Dalakuansayi, the slip rate of the fault is 12.2±3.0mm/a since 4.91±0.39ka B.P. Hence, we get the average slip rate of 11.4±2.5mm/a for the western part of the Altyn Tagh Fault since Holocene. This result is close to the latest results from GPS research.

Reliability Analysis of Sensor Networks

To Integrate the capacity of sensing, communication, computing, and actuating, one of the compelling technological advances of these years has been the appearance of distributed wireless sensor network (DSN) for information gathering tasks. In order to save the energy, multi-hop routing between the sensor nodes and the sink node is necessary because of limited resource. In addition, the unpredictable conditional factors make the sensor nodes unreliable. In this paper, the reliability of routing designed for sensor network and some dependability issues of DSN, such as MTTF (mean time to failure) and the probability of connectivity between the sensor nodes and the sink node are analyzed. Unfortunately, we could not obtain the accurate result for the arbitrary network topology, which is #P-hard problem. And the reliability analysis of restricted topologies clustering-based is given. The method proposed in this paper will show us a constructive idea about how to place energy-constrained sensor nodes in the network efficiently from the prospective of reliability.

Vegetation Change of Ecotone in West of Northeast China Plain Using Time-series Remote Sensing Data

Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.

Problems and Solutions Related to the Titles of Academic Papers

There are some problems related to the titles of academic papers, such as, titles incorresponding to the contents, and titles being too general or colloquial. It is imperative to increase the title quality of an academic paper through peer-review, or by checking grammar mistakes with computer tools. The editors should also aim to improve their academic level of knowledge.

Groundwater Flow Model in the Mangrove Forest

The ability to predict groundwater fluxes with a minimum of effort and measurement is an important objective. Numerical modeling is one approach to obtain such a prediction. Predictions of groundwater fluxes can be used to determine fluxes of other materials such as salt and nutrients. In this paper an analytical model is developed to predict the flow of groundwater from mangrove forest to the creek. The model uses the geometry and hydraulic conductivity of the mangrove forest sediment, which is inundated by tidal water from day zero to day five, with the flux ranged from 0.026 to 0.007 m^3/（m^2.day） with the average error is about 10%. The solution for the groundwater flow is written in terms of an analytic series solution, based on two dimensional potential flow. The approach is basically to solve the hydraulic potential flow for steady state conditions using the Laplace equation. The advantages of this method are that it is simple but accurate, and the error in the computation can be readily calculated. The result of this model is then compared to the result of the field measurement from also day zero to day five after inundation, which ranged from 0.030 to 0.013 m3/（m2.day） with the average error is about 40%. From the above results, it is concluded that the series solution model can be used to calculate the flux of the groundwater, especially in the mangrove forest area.

Lexical Relations： Measuring the Proficiency of the Saudi EFL Learners and Analysing the Obstacles

As teachers of EFL （English as a Foreign Language） in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are sometimes flabbergasted by the errors that the/earners make in their English scripts. Apparently, there was no pattern to these errors. However, when the researcher observed the frequency of similar error over a few years of her experience as an EFL faculty for Saudi learners, the theory of Lexical Relations appeared to offer an answer. Therein also lies the genesis of the current study. In a positive development, the study did bring to light certain factors that directly played a role in the Saudi EFL learners＇ English errors. These have been presented in this paper with the hope that with the diagnosis in hand, it will be easier for the EFL teachers to find a solution to the dearth of English proficiency among the Saudi EFL learners.

江西宜春市官园清理一座明墓

1988年11月23日,宜春市官园村李家村民李才华家做房子挖基脚时,发现一座古墓,我馆闻讯后,前往实地进行清理。墓为单室券拱,平面为梯形,墓向坐北朝南。墓室平砖单层横平错砌至92厘米处开始起券,墓顶用刀砖砌成券拱。封门砖为纵平叠砌,铺底砖用三块方砖(3.25×32.5厘米)平铺。墓室全长2.70、宽0.87,高0.