The purpose of this pre-experimental research （one-group pretest-posttest design） was to study the ettects ot the 4 Basics Exercise Model on dysmenorrhea for structural equilibrium changes in nursing students at Pha...The purpose of this pre-experimental research （one-group pretest-posttest design） was to study the ettects ot the 4 Basics Exercise Model on dysmenorrhea for structural equilibrium changes in nursing students at Phachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province, who were divided the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea into pre- and post-test experimental groups. The sample group was composed of 31 persons, using the 4 Basics Exercise Model over three months for 30 minutes per day on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Data were collected on personal information, dysmenorrhea pain scores, and satisfaction in the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea records. According to the research findings, the level of dysmenorrhea pain was significantly decreased in the experimental group for one, two, and three months post-exercise. In addition, the comparison of decreases in the dysmenorrhea pain of experimental group was significantly different at two and three months post-exercise at .01. The exception was at one month post-exercise when there was no statistically significant difference. According to the findings of the study, the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea effectively decreased dysmenorrhea and the duration of menstrual periods with improving signs of menstruation. Therefore, nurses who provide gynecological care should learn and have knowledge regarding the 4 Basics Exercise Model to help relieve menstrual pain.展开更多
AZ61Mg alloy was multi directionally forged(MDFed) during decreasing temperature condition from 643 K to 483 K at a true strain rate of 3×10-3 s-1 up to cumulative strain of∑△ε=4.0 at maximum.A pass strain of...AZ61Mg alloy was multi directionally forged(MDFed) during decreasing temperature condition from 643 K to 483 K at a true strain rate of 3×10-3 s-1 up to cumulative strain of∑△ε=4.0 at maximum.A pass strain of△ε=0.8 was employed.While average grain size decreased gradually with increasing cumulative strain,the evolution of fine-grained structure strongly depended on the MDF temperature.Under the condition where the temperature was higher than the most adequate one,grain coarsening partially took place during MDF.In contrast,at lower temperature,inhomogeneous microstructure composed of the initial coarse and newly appeared fine grains was evolved.After straining over∑△ε=3.2(i.e.,over 4 passes of MDF) ,equiaxed ultrafine grains(UFGs) having average size of about and lower than 1μm were uniformly evolved.While the MDFed alloy to∑△ε=4.0 possessed relatively high hardness of HV 99,and it accepted further about 20%cold rolling almost without cracking.Because of the superior formability of the UFGed AZ61Mg alloy,the hardness was further easily raised to HV 120 by following cold rolling.展开更多
Background： Understanding leisure time physical inactivity is a priority in study sought to address this priority by examining whether the extraversion mediated through Elliot＇s （1999） 2 x 2 achievement goals. Wes...Background： Understanding leisure time physical inactivity is a priority in study sought to address this priority by examining whether the extraversion mediated through Elliot＇s （1999） 2 x 2 achievement goals. Westernized nations where participation rates are low. The present and emotional instability to leisure time exercise relationships were Methods： Participants were 116 female and 97 male volunteers from a Southwestern community （mean age = 37.21 years, range 24-69） who completed measures of extraversion, emotional instability, approach-avoidance achievement goals, and 7-day recall of leisure-time exercise. Multiple mediation models （Preacher and Hayes, 2008） were run to specifically examine our hypotheses. Results： The mastery-approach goal mediated the relationship from extraversion to overall exercise and strenuous intensity exercise. Results indicated emotional instability had direct effects on overall and strenuous leisure time exercise while also having significant （p 〈 0.05） indirect mediation paths through the performance-approach and avoidance goals. The extraversion and emotional instability models accounted from 15.89% to 29.82% of variance in the various self-reported exercise measures. Conclusion： The results suggest the promotion of leisure-time exercise would be improved in the studied personalities by manipulation of achievement goals. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this pre-experimental research （one-group pretest-posttest design） was to study the ettects ot the 4 Basics Exercise Model on dysmenorrhea for structural equilibrium changes in nursing students at Phachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province, who were divided the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea into pre- and post-test experimental groups. The sample group was composed of 31 persons, using the 4 Basics Exercise Model over three months for 30 minutes per day on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Data were collected on personal information, dysmenorrhea pain scores, and satisfaction in the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea records. According to the research findings, the level of dysmenorrhea pain was significantly decreased in the experimental group for one, two, and three months post-exercise. In addition, the comparison of decreases in the dysmenorrhea pain of experimental group was significantly different at two and three months post-exercise at .01. The exception was at one month post-exercise when there was no statistically significant difference. According to the findings of the study, the 4 Basics Exercise Model for dysmenorrhea effectively decreased dysmenorrhea and the duration of menstrual periods with improving signs of menstruation. Therefore, nurses who provide gynecological care should learn and have knowledge regarding the 4 Basics Exercise Model to help relieve menstrual pain.
基金support given by the Light Metals Educational Foundation,Japan,and Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports and Technology,Japan,with Grant No.20560647
文摘AZ61Mg alloy was multi directionally forged(MDFed) during decreasing temperature condition from 643 K to 483 K at a true strain rate of 3×10-3 s-1 up to cumulative strain of∑△ε=4.0 at maximum.A pass strain of△ε=0.8 was employed.While average grain size decreased gradually with increasing cumulative strain,the evolution of fine-grained structure strongly depended on the MDF temperature.Under the condition where the temperature was higher than the most adequate one,grain coarsening partially took place during MDF.In contrast,at lower temperature,inhomogeneous microstructure composed of the initial coarse and newly appeared fine grains was evolved.After straining over∑△ε=3.2(i.e.,over 4 passes of MDF) ,equiaxed ultrafine grains(UFGs) having average size of about and lower than 1μm were uniformly evolved.While the MDFed alloy to∑△ε=4.0 possessed relatively high hardness of HV 99,and it accepted further about 20%cold rolling almost without cracking.Because of the superior formability of the UFGed AZ61Mg alloy,the hardness was further easily raised to HV 120 by following cold rolling.
文摘Background： Understanding leisure time physical inactivity is a priority in study sought to address this priority by examining whether the extraversion mediated through Elliot＇s （1999） 2 x 2 achievement goals. Westernized nations where participation rates are low. The present and emotional instability to leisure time exercise relationships were Methods： Participants were 116 female and 97 male volunteers from a Southwestern community （mean age = 37.21 years, range 24-69） who completed measures of extraversion, emotional instability, approach-avoidance achievement goals, and 7-day recall of leisure-time exercise. Multiple mediation models （Preacher and Hayes, 2008） were run to specifically examine our hypotheses. Results： The mastery-approach goal mediated the relationship from extraversion to overall exercise and strenuous intensity exercise. Results indicated emotional instability had direct effects on overall and strenuous leisure time exercise while also having significant （p 〈 0.05） indirect mediation paths through the performance-approach and avoidance goals. The extraversion and emotional instability models accounted from 15.89% to 29.82% of variance in the various self-reported exercise measures. Conclusion： The results suggest the promotion of leisure-time exercise would be improved in the studied personalities by manipulation of achievement goals. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
