With consideration of the differences between concrete and steel,three solutions using genetic evolutionary structural optimization algorithm were presented to automatically develop optimal strut-and-tie model for dee...With consideration of the differences between concrete and steel,three solutions using genetic evolutionary structural optimization algorithm were presented to automatically develop optimal strut-and-tie model for deep beams.In the finite element analysis of the first method,the concrete and steel rebar are modeled by a plane element and a bar element,respectively.In the second method,the concrete and steel are assigned to two different plane elements,whereas in the third method only one kind of plane element is used with no consideration of the differences of the two materials.A simply supported beam under two point loads was presented as an example to verify the validity of the three proposed methods.The results indicates that all the three methods can generate optimal strut-and-tie models and the third algorithm has powerful capability in searching more optimal results with less computational effort.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm III has also been demonstrated by other two examples.展开更多
Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of PSCs.The inconsistent results in the references...Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of PSCs.The inconsistent results in the references often create confusion.In particular,the specific roles of mesoporous frameworks are yet to be well elaborated and require further clarification.In this study,we carefully compared the properties of perovskite films and the device performances for both architectures to unravel the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framworks in CH3NH3PbI3 PSCs.The detailed characterizations of structural,microscopic,optical and electrical properties revealed that the presence of mesoporous TiO2 framework contributed to enlarged perovskite crystal sizes,enhanced light harvesting,efficient electron extration and suppressed charge recombination.As a result,compared with the planar device,the mesoporous device yielded an improved power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,coupled with a reduced hystersis.This study reveals the benefits of mesoporous TiO2 framework in PSCs and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance devices.展开更多
基金Project(50908082) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009ZK3111) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘With consideration of the differences between concrete and steel,three solutions using genetic evolutionary structural optimization algorithm were presented to automatically develop optimal strut-and-tie model for deep beams.In the finite element analysis of the first method,the concrete and steel rebar are modeled by a plane element and a bar element,respectively.In the second method,the concrete and steel are assigned to two different plane elements,whereas in the third method only one kind of plane element is used with no consideration of the differences of the two materials.A simply supported beam under two point loads was presented as an example to verify the validity of the three proposed methods.The results indicates that all the three methods can generate optimal strut-and-tie models and the third algorithm has powerful capability in searching more optimal results with less computational effort.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm III has also been demonstrated by other two examples.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51602088)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials,Chinese Academy of Sciences(PECL2019KF007)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017T100313)。
文摘Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of PSCs.The inconsistent results in the references often create confusion.In particular,the specific roles of mesoporous frameworks are yet to be well elaborated and require further clarification.In this study,we carefully compared the properties of perovskite films and the device performances for both architectures to unravel the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framworks in CH3NH3PbI3 PSCs.The detailed characterizations of structural,microscopic,optical and electrical properties revealed that the presence of mesoporous TiO2 framework contributed to enlarged perovskite crystal sizes,enhanced light harvesting,efficient electron extration and suppressed charge recombination.As a result,compared with the planar device,the mesoporous device yielded an improved power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,coupled with a reduced hystersis.This study reveals the benefits of mesoporous TiO2 framework in PSCs and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance devices.
