基于年代数据的青藏高原东北部全新世风沙活动研究

本文对青藏高原东北部全新世风成沉积剖面的年代数据应用概率密度方法结合年代数据分布情况重建了该区全新世风沙活动历史.结果表明:青藏高原东北部早全新世风沙活动强烈,但也存在不同尺度的空间差异,表现在共和盆地、柴达木盆地及青海湖盆地风成砂都广泛发育,但青海湖盆地同期还有古土壤发育,冬给措纳湖流域在这一时期也有少量的风成砂层出现;中全新世古土壤广泛发育,风沙活动较弱,整个东北部具有较好的一致性;晚全新世以来,柴达木盆地和冬给措纳湖流域风成砂发育较好,而共和盆地古土壤广泛发育,同时青海湖盆地风成砂和古土壤均有出现,说明风沙活动强度的区域差异较大,这可能是由于局部地区受到了人为活动强烈干扰的影响.风沙活动强度与区域有效湿度密切相关,区域有效湿度较高时,风沙活动较弱;反之,风沙活动较强.另外,大面积湖泊的存在使得青海湖盆地和冬给措纳湖流域全新世风沙活动的特点与柴达木盆地和共和盆地不尽相同,湖泊水位与湖泊增湿降温效应的相互关系以及物源供给特点可能是造成这一现象的原因.年代数据的概率密度方法相对于频率统计直方图具有一定的优势,充分利用了单个年代数据符合正态分布的特点,能够反映年代数据的范围和精度.

新疆境内部分地质年代数据反映的现代构造运动

由地质样品的年代及其埋深 ,得到样品所在地的沉降速率。一般情况下 ,一个剖面上只有一个数据 ,可得到一个地区的沉降速率。昆仑山的沉降速率最大 ,阿尔泰山次之 ,天山最小 ,但特克斯是个例外。少数剖面上有 2 - 3个数据 ,由同一剖面上的不同数据 ,可得到阶段性的沉降速率。阶段速率图 (the picture of phase rate— PPR图 )清楚地表示了晚更新世至全新世

西藏冈底斯成矿带东段中、新生代斑岩成矿系统岩石地球化学与年代学测试数据集

西藏冈底斯成矿带东段中—新生代斑岩成矿系统岩石地球化学测试数据集基于冈底斯成矿带地质矿产调查项目“西藏冈底斯东段中新生代斑岩成矿系统与找矿预测”资助,进行岩石测试分析整理而得。岩石地球化学与地质年代学数据可以全面地反映岩石与矿床成因、成岩与成矿年龄等重要信息,为西藏冈底斯成矿带东段中、新生代斑岩矿床成矿背景与成矿模式研究提供科学依据和基础数据支撑。本数据集为Excel表格型数据,包括3个.xlsx类型文件(majorelement_Gangdise.xlsx,traceelement_Gangdise.xlsx,reos-upb_Gangdise)分别记录主量、微量、测年数据,其中majorelement_Gangdise.xlsx包含141条记录和105个字段,traceelement_Gangdise.xlsx包含273条记录和166个字段,reos-upb_Gangdise包含208条记录和100个字段。其中,主量、微量元素数据涉及与邦铺、达布、程巴、甲玛4个矿床有关的5个岩体。测年数据包括邦铺钼多金属矿床黑云母二长花岗岩等4组锆石U-Pb年龄数据,达布铜(钼)花岗岩体等3组锆石U-Pb年龄数据,甲玛铜多金属矿床5组Re-Os年龄数据,邦铺钼多金属矿床2组Re-Os年龄数据。本库提供全部测试均在国家知名测试数据实验室进行,数据质量可靠。

辽北清原杂岩锆石年代学与地球化学测试数据集

辽北清原杂岩锆石年代学与地球化学测试数据库(集)基于亚洲系列地质图件编制及相关重大地质问题研究项目"亚洲晚太古代地层全球性对比"资助,进行岩石测试分析整理而得。锆石年代学数据可以准确地反映原岩的形成时代与形成后所经历的构造岩浆事件,岩石地球化学数据可以反映岩石本身的化学特征,二者相结合可以为研究辽北地区地壳演化历史提供科学依据与基础数据支持。本文采集了辽北地区清原杂岩中高级变质表壳岩与英云闪长质—奥长花岗质—花岗闪长质(TTG)片麻岩单元中的岩石样品,岩石类型包括片麻状花岗闪长岩、云英闪长质片麻岩、奥长花岗质片麻岩、花岗闪长质混合片麻岩、透辉角闪变粒岩、角闪黑云斜长片麻岩、片麻状紫苏花岗岩、石榴紫苏黑云斜长片麻岩、花岗质片麻岩、角闪透辉黑云斜长片麻岩、变质中性火山岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩以及矽线石榴片麻岩等。本数据集为Excel表格型数据,包括2个.xls类型文件(Zircon_U–Pb dating data_QY.xls, Geochemistry data_QY.xls)分别记录了样品的锆石U–Pb测年数据与地球化学数据。本数据集样品测试工作均在国家地质实验测试中心完成,数据质量可靠。

赤布张错幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

于二叠纪—古近纪地层中发现动物化石、植物化石和孢粉多属多种。其中所有孢粉和植物化石在测区均为首次发现。发现软体动物并建立1新属2新种(QuemocuomegalodonorientusYaoShaetZhang,Q.longitatusYaoShaetZhang)。在藏北地区首次发现典型的古近纪双壳类化石(PisidiumamnicumMüller)。在上三叠统中发现厚度超过800m的钙碱性岛弧型中酸性火山岩。岩浆侵入岩获得一批岩石化学资料和21个喜马拉雅期的同位素年龄数据(23～48Ma),显示南部同碰撞、北部造山后拉张的特点。新近纪火山岩分布于测区北部,划分为2个喷发旋回,为板内裂谷活动的产物。发现中—晚侏罗世地层与晚三叠世地层的明显角度不整合接触面。查明了测区北部的二叠纪地层与上覆晚三叠世至侏罗纪地层为角度不整合接触。

Decreasing Trend in Summer Precipitation over the Western Sichuan Basin since the 1950s

Changing precipitation in the densely populated Sichuan basin may have a great impact on human life. This study analyzes the change in summer precipitation since 1951 over the western Sichuan basin, one of the regions of the heaviest rainfall in China, by using two datasets provided by the Chinese Meteorological Data Center. The results indicate that summer (from June to September) precipitation over the western Sichuan basin shows a significantly decreasing trend. The summer precipitation over this region has decreased by about 20% since the 1950s, with a rate of decrease of about 40 mm per decade.

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of diorite dikes from Nancha ore deposit in Tonghua area of Jilin and its geological significance

The authors presented geochronology and geochemical data of diorites from Nancha gold deposit in Tonghua region, with the aim to constraining its formation age, magma source and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of zircons from the diorites indicate that the rocks were formed in the Middle Jurassic （171 ±2 Ma, MSWD = 1. 19）. Geochemically, these rocks have Si02 concentrations of 52. 52%-54. 90%,K20 of 2. 14%-3.84% , Na20 of 3. 17%-3. 35% , MgO of 7. 43%-9. 34% and high Mg# of 68. 57-72. 57. These rocks are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements（ LILE,such as K, Ba, Rb and Sr） and light rare earth elements （ LREE） , relatively depletion in high field strength elements （ HFSE, such as Ta, Nb, Ti and Zr） , and heavy rare earth elements （HREE）. These characteristics suggest that primary magma of the rocks were derived from the partial melting of mantle with miner crustal contamination, which may related to partial melting of mantle wedge by addition of sediment melt from subducting oceanic crust. Based on former and present studies, the authors consider that the Nancha ore deposit high-Mg diorites were formed in compres- sional structural setting which is similar to volcanic arc. It could be related to the subduction of the Paleo-Paci- fic plate beneath the Eurasian continent.

Wintertime Cyclone Activity and Its Relation to Precipitation over China

The authors examined the variability in wintertime cyclone activity and storm tracks and their relation to precipitation over China for the period 1951-2006 using the observational data.Two apparent modes of variability were assumed for the cyclone activity and storm tracks.The first mode describes the oscillation in the strength of the storm tracks in East Asia,which significantly increased since the mid-1980s,whereas the second mode describes a seesaw oscillation in the storm track strength between the Central-Southeast China and northem East Asia.The storm tracks over the Central-Southeast China have increased since the late 1960s.The possible causes for the variation of the cyclone activity and storm tracks are also explored.It is shown that wintertime precipitation,which has increased since the mid-1980s,concentrates in Central-Southeast China.The enhancement may be caused by the first mode of variability of storm tracks,whereas the interannual variability of precipitation may be linked to the second mode of the storm track variability.

Global Distribution of Thermosteric Contribution to Sea Level Rising Trend

The sea level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon （T/P） altimetry data shows prominent long term trend and inter-annual variability. The global mean sea level rising rate during 1993-2003 was 2.9mm a^-1. The T/P sea level trend maps the geographical variability. In the Northern Hemisphere （15°-64°N）, the sea level rise is very fast at the mid-latitude （20°-40°N） but much slower at the high-latitude, for example, only 0.5 mm a^-1 in the latitude band 40°-50°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, the sea level shows high rising rate both in mid-latitude and high-latitude areas, for example, 5.1 mm a^-1 in the band 40°- 50°S. The global thermosteric sea level （TSL） derived from Ishii temperature data was rising during 1993-2003 at a rate of 1.2 mm a^-1 and accounted for more than 40% of the global T/P sea level rise. The contributions of the TSL distribution are not spatially uniform; for instance, the percentage is 67% for the Northern Hemisphere and only 29% for the Southern Hemisphere （15°-64°S） and the maximum thermosteric contribution appears in the Pacific Ocean, which contributes more than 60% of the global TSL. The sea level change trend in tropical ocean is mainly caused by the thermosteric effect, which is different from the case of seasonal variability in this area. The TSL variability dominates the T/P sea level rise in the North Atlantic, but it is small in other areas, and shows negative trend at the high-latitude area （40°-60°N, and 50°-60°S）. The global TSL during 1945-2003 showed obvious rising trend with the rate of about 0.3 mm a-l and striking inter-annual and decadal variability with period of 20 years. In the past 60 years, the Atlantic TSL was rising continuously and remarkably, contributing 38% to the global TSL rising. The TSL in the Pacific and Indian Ocean rose with significant in- ter-annual and decadal variability. The first EOF mode of the global TSL from Ishii temperature data was the ENSO mode in which the time series of the first mode showed steady rising trend. Among the three oceans, the first mode of the Pacific TSL presented the ENSO mode; there was relatively steady rising trend in the Atlantic Ocean, and no dominant mode in the Indian Ocean.

Intercomparison of the South Asian High in NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 Reanalyses and in Station Observations

The South Asian Highs (SAHs) at 100 hPa over China in the three reanalysis datasets NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 are evaluated by using station observation data. The results demonstrate a substantial discrepancy even between the reanalyses. First, the data of the three reanalyses generally underestimate the intensity of the SAH in the China domain. Second, there are interdecadal changes in the SAH, with highs in the 1960s and 1980s and lows in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. This interdecadal variation of the SAH can be well depicted with NCEP1 data, but the high in the 1980s is missed by ERA-40. The NCEP2 corresponds well with NCEP 1 and captures the decreasing trend after 1979. Furthermore, the NCEP1 reanalysis overestimates the interdecadal changes of SAH, while ERA-40 underestimates the interdecadal changes. This work suggests that much caution should be exerted when the reanalysis datasets are adopted to study the interdecadal variability of SAH.

毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候不稳定性

毛乌素沙地处于中国季风区的西北边缘,对气候变化敏感,是古气候演化和古环境变迁研究的理想场所。全新世气温回暖期,气候整体稳定但存在暖湿冷干的次级波动,不同类型沉积相组成的地层序列记录了全新世千年、百年尺度的气候不稳定性。对毛乌素沙地不同沉积序列的研究表明:(1)毛乌素沙地东南缘的沙漠/黄土边界带DLT、NB剖面粒度及Rb/Sr比值可作为气候变化的代用指标。>63μm砂含量增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示东亚冬季风增强,风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候干冷;反之,东亚夏季风增强,降水增多,风化成壤程度加大,气候暖湿。(2)毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠/黄土边界带及低洼沟谷区年代概率密度函数的分析显示,全新世早期~8.5 ka BP风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候表现为干冷;全新世中期8.5 ka^3.0 ka BP地势较高处古土壤广泛发育,地势低洼处发育湖沼相/泥炭层,但在6.0 ka BP左右存在气候转冷过程;全新世晚期3.0 ka BP以来气候波动频繁。(3)毛乌素沙地气候变化与北大西洋冰筏冷事件、董哥洞石笋、季风边缘区湖泊、东部沙地等记录具有可对比性和相对一致性,反映出全新世千年和百年尺度上的气候变化主要受全球变化的影响,这对预测和模拟未来气候变化具有借鉴意义。

简评《古史钩沉》

近读庄春波著《古史钩沉》一书,深感这是一部很好的中国古史研究论文集,值得向历史研究和教学工作者推荐.该书有以下几个显著优点:视域新、方法新、观点新.作者对先秦秦汉史的一系列重要问题从新的视角一视域作了深入的探讨.例如,作者对东夷人及其文化在华夏文明起源中的重要地位,对史前各相关文化板块的影响问题所作的一组论文（《舜征三苗考》、《楚族溯源》、《楚史三说》、《夏纪年与羿浞代夏少康中兴轶史考》）,运用了文献与考古资料对照的方法,把文献记载的年代数据与相关考古文化的14C年代数据制成对照表,从上古纷乱混沌的传说中寻绎出信史的踪迹来—作者从而得出华、夏原非一族的新结论.

Improved decadal climate prediction in the North Atlantic using EnOI-assimilated initial condition

Decadal prediction experiments of Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 1.1 （BCC- CSM1.1） participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIPS） had poor skill in extratropics of the North Atlantic, the initialization of which was done by relaxing modeled ocean temperature to the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） reanalysis data. This study aims to improve the prediction skill of this model by using the assimilation technique in the initialization. New ocean data are firstly generated by assimilating the sea surface temperature （SST） of the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature （HadlSST） dataset to the ocean model of BCC-CSM1.1 via Ensemble Optimum Interpolation （EnOI）. Then a suite of decadal reforecasts launched annually over the period 1961- 2005 is carried out with simulated ocean temperature restored to the assimilated ocean data. Comparisons between the re-forecasts and previous CMIP5 forecasts show that the re-forecasts are more skillful in mid-to-high latitude SST of the North Atlantic. Improved prediction skill is also found for the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation （AMO）, which is consistent with the better skill of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation （AMOC） predicted by the re-forecasts. We conclude that the EnOl assimilation generates better ocean data than the SODA reanalysis for initializing decadal climate prediction of BCC-CSM1.1 model.

The role of cloud height and warming in the decadal weakening of atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau

The warming over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is very significant during last 30 years,but the thermal forcing has been weakened.The thermal weakening is attributed mainly to the enhancement of the TOA(top of atmosphere) outgoing radiation.This enhancement is opposite to the greenhouse-gas-induced weakening of the global mean TOA outgoing radiation and is also unable to be explained by the observed decrease of total cloud cover.This study presents the importance of cloud height change and the warming over the TP in modulating the TOA radiation budget and thus the thermal forcing during spring and summer.On the basis of surface observations and satellite radiation data,we found that both the TOA outgoing shortwave radiation and longwave radiation were enhanced during this period.The former enhancement is due mainly to the increase of low-level cloud cover,which has a strong reflection to shortwave radiation,especially in summer.The latter enhancement is caused mainly by the planetary warming,and it is further enhanced by the decrease of total cloud cover in spring,as clouds extinguish outgoing longwave radiation emitted from the land surface.Therefore,the radiative cooling enhancement and thus the thermal weakening over the TP is a response of the earth-atmosphere system to the unique change of cloud cover configuration and the rapid warming of the land surface.However,these trends in cloud cover and TOA outgoing radiation are not well represented in four reanalyses.