经评选在1993、1994年度表现良好新闻出版署决定表彰商务等127家出版社

新闻出版署最近作出决定,对商务印书馆等127家在1993、1994年度表现良好的出版社进行表彰。这个决定是在1995年全国出版社年检登记工作中,经由各方推荐,并经新闻出版署调查研究之后作出的。新闻出版署认为,这批出版社在过去的两年间,办社宗旨明确,遵守出书范围,其他办社条件完备;出书结构合理。

1996年德国的“骚乱日”──“庞克族”们的年度表演

一九九六年德国的﹃骚乱日﹄﹃庞克族﹄们的年度表演●晓林“庞克”（Ｐｕｎｋ），查德国杜登（Ｄｕｄｅｎ）词典，解释为以下文字，原意：垃圾，废物。现实：年青人的抗议行动，带有特意粗鲁的兴奋若狂的表现和引人注目的打扮，（显眼的发色、破旧的衣装、金属链子等）。...

《年度媒体新词语表》对辞书编纂的价值

《中国语言生活状况报告》连续多年发布《年度媒体新词语表》,对当年新词语的使用情况进行实录描写,反映了当今汉语新词语的基本面貌和发展趋势。辞书需要紧跟时代发展,不断增补新词新义,《年度媒体新词语表》刚好为辞书编纂提供了珍贵的资料。《年度媒体新词语表》收录初生后发展了一定时间的新词语,而辞书需要挑选成熟阶段的新词语增补。文章就辞书编纂中如何利用《年度媒体新词语表》增补成熟的新词新义提供了参考意见。

《年度媒体高频词语表》对辞书编纂的价值

《中国语言生活状况报告》连续八年发布《年度媒体高频词语表》,不仅对人们了解当年常用词语的使用状况有帮助,对汉语词汇研究和辞书编纂来说也是珍贵的资料。频率反映了一个词的稳定程度,而稳定性是词典收词的一个重要原则,因此,《年度媒体高频词语表》对词典收词有重要的参考价值。借助语料库和频率统计来对词语进行筛选是辞书编纂的一个趋势和方向,《中国语言生活状况报告》在这方面提供了很好的资源。

Life Tables for the Experimental Population Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley at Different Temperatures

[Objective] The study was to investigate the effect of temperature on pop- ulation dynamics of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, so as to providing references for the control and prevention of this pest. [Method] The experimental populations were kept in laboratory and fed on cotton plants, and the major parameters of the population were recorded. [Result] By the construction of age specific life tables and reproductive life tables for the P. solenopsis experimental population at 24, 27, 30 ~C, more than 10 parameters were obtained, including mean generation time, survival rates of different stages and sexes, life expectancy, spawning period, fecundity amount per female, sexual ratio, net reproductive rate, intrinsic increase rate, finite increase rate, population trend index, curve of survival rate, and curve of daily fe- male oviposition, which revealed the effect of temperature on growth and develop- ment, life expectancy and fecundities of P. solenopsis. [Conclusion] The reproductive potential of the P. solenopsis population is very great at suitable temperature, making it easy to outbreak. The research provided scientific basis for population dynam- ics investigation, predication and integrated control of P. solenopsis.

进一步发挥通讯员作用办好《审计理论与实践》

进一步发挥通讯员作用办好《审计理论与实践》为了进一步办好《审计理论与实践》杂志，辽宁编辑部于５月２３日至２５日在丹东凤城召开了９４—９５年度通讯员工作总结会议，会议的目的在于更进一步发挥广大通讯员的积极作用，加强通讯员队伍建高，依靠大家的力量把刊物越...

Impact of Preceding Summer North Atlantic Oscillation on Early Autumn Precipitation over Central China

This study examined the impact of the preceding boreal summer(June–August) North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) on early autumn(September) rainfall over Central China(RCC). The results show that a significant positive correlation exists between the preceding summer NAO and the early autumn RCC on the interannual timescale. In order to understand the physical mechanism between them, the role of ocean was investigated. It was found that the strong summer NAO can induce a tripole sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the North Atlantic; this SSTA pattern can persist until early autumn. The diagnostic analysis showed that the tripole SSTA pattern excites a downstream Atlantic-Eurasian(AEA) teleconnection, which contributes to an increase in RCC. The circulation anomalies related to SSTA caused by the weak NAO are opposite, so the RCC is less than normal. The results imply that the preceding summer NAO may be regarded as a forecast factor for the early autumn RCC.

Comparison between the interannual and decadal components of the Silk Road pattern

The Silk Road pattern（SRP）, which is a teleconnection pattern along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet in summer, exhibits both interannual and decadal variabilities. Through the nineyear Gaussian filtering method and regression analyses, this study compares the interannual and decadal components of the SRP. The results indicate that the interannual SRP corresponds to a well-organized wave train of alternate cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across the Eurasian continent along the Asian westerly jet, resulting in a similar wave-like pattern of cold and warm surface temperature anomalies. This pattern of temperature anomalies differs from that associated with the original SRP, which is characterized by warmer or cooler temperatures mainly over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia, depending on the phase of the SRP. On the other hand, the decadal SRP shows a similar pattern to the interannual one from Europe to Central Asia, but the meridional wind anomalies tend to be weak over East Asia. These circulation anomalies are responsible for the significant temperature anomalies over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia but weak anomalies between these two domains.

CMIP5 analysis of the interannual variability of the Pacific SST and its association with the Asian-Pacific oscillation

This study analyzed the interannual variability of sea surface temperature （SST） over the Pacific in the historical simulation and under the Representative Concentration Pathways （RCPs, including RCP4.5 and RCPS.5） from 27 models archived in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIPS）. Its association with the Asian-Pacific oscillation （APO） was also investigated.The evaluation results showed that the multi-model ensemble mean （MME） and most of the individual models perform well in reproducing the relatively stronger interannual variability of SST over the North Pacific and tropical eastern Pacific. They can also capture reasonably well the observed in-phase and out-of-phase relationships of the APO with the SST in the above two regions, respectively. Under the RCP4.5 and RCPS.5 scenarios, the interannual variability of the SST over the North Pacific and the tropical eastern Pacific is projected by the MME to be weakened during 2050-99 compared to 1950-99. The majority of the CMIP5 models show the same projection as the MME. Besides, the MME projection indicates that the present relationship between the APO and the SST over those two regions would still be dominant under both RCPs. However, considerable discrepancies exist in the changes of the relationships among the individual models.

The Overexpressed FAK （Focal Adhesion Kinase） in Higher Grade Human Urothelial Tumors

Malignant transformation of normal cells involves important structural and functional changes, particularly in cell adhesion. In this study, we wanted to assess whether changes in the expression of FAK, a tyrosine kinase, which is recruited to focal adhesions and plays a key role in cell migration, proliferation and survival, could reflect the invasive capacity of bladder carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAK expression in cancer ceils as an important prognostic factor of the evolution of bladder carcinomas. Tumor and paired peritumoral biopsies were obtained during transurethral endoscopic resection or cystectomy of bladder tumors in 280 patients at the Urology Unit of the Mustapha Hospital of Algiers and the Hospital of Tizi-Ouzou （Algeria）. The authors studied FAK expression in samples from bladder carcinomas at different stages of malignant transformation by western blot analysis using a specific anti-FAK antibody. Western blot is one of the most common laboratory techniques; it is used to detect the presence of a specific protein in a complex mixture extracted from cells. A weak increase in FAK expression was observed in tumors of grade 1 and 2 （1.65; 2.99） as compared to healthy tissues; it became particularly important in grade 3 tumors; the authors show that FAK levels significantly increased gradually according to the tumor stage.

Interannual variability of the sea surface salinity and its related freshwater flux in the tropical Pacific:A comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6

This paper assesses the interannual variabilities of simulated sea surface salinity(SSS)and freshwater flux(FWF)in the tropical Pacific from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6).The authors focus on comparing the simulated SSS and FWF responses to El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)from two generations of models developed by the same group.The results show that CMIP5 and CMIP6 models can perform well in simulating the spatial distributions of the SSS and FWF responses associated with ENSO,as well as their relationship.It is found that most CMIP6 models have improved in simulating the geographical distribution of the SSS and FWF interannual variability in the tropical Pacific compared to CMIP5 models.In particular,CMIP6 models have corrected the underestimation of the spatial relationship of the FWF and SSS variability with ENSO in the central-western Pacific.In addition,CMIP6 models outperform CMIP5 models in simulating the FWF interannual variability(spatial distribution and intensity)in the tropical Pacific.However,as a whole,CMIP6 models do not show improved skill scores for SSS interannual variability,which is due to their overestimation of the intensity in some models.Large uncertainties exist in simulating the interannual variability of SSS among CMIP5 and CMIP6 models and some improvements with respect to physical processes are needed.

A multidecadal oscillation in the northeastern Pacific

The internal modes of the North Pacific can lead to climatic oscillations through ocean-atmosphere interactions and induce global climate responses.The best example is the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but this fails to explain many climate phenomena. Here, another multidecadal variability over the North Pacific is described, found by analyzing reconstructed data covering the past 140 years. It is named the Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation （PMO）, with anomalously high/low SSTs over the northeastern Pacific, and a quasi-60-year cycle. Related to this low-frequency variability of SST, the global mean temperature and precipitation present significant interdecadal differences. More importantly, the PMO index leads the global mean surface air temperature and SST by one to three years. The Arctic Oscillation pattern and atmospheric circulations are shown to change substantially with the transition of the PMO mode from positive to negative phases. This multidecadal oscillation improves the prospect for a long-term forecast of the global warming trend, since the PMO bears a remarkable relationship with global temperature.

Teleconnection between Winter Arctic Oscillation and Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon in the Pre-Industry Simulation of a Coupled Climate Model

A 600-year pre-industrial simulation with Bergen Climate Model(BCM)Version 2 is used to investigate the linkage between winter Arctic Oscillation(AO)and the Southeast Asian summer monsoon(SEASM)on the inter-decadal timescale.The results indicate an in-phase relationship between the AO and SEASM with periods of approximately 16–32 and 60–80 years.During the positive phase of winter AO,an anomalous surface anti-cyclonic atmosphere circulation appears over North Pacific in winter.The corresponding anomalies in ocean circulation and surface heat flux,particularly the latent and sensible heat flux,resemble a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)-like sea surface temperature(SST)pattern.The AO-associated PDO-like winter SST can persist into summer and can therefore lead to inter-decadal variability of summer monsoon rainfall in East and Southeast Asia.

A New Method for Predicting the Decadal Component of Global SST

A simple approach that considers both internal decadal variability and the effect of anthropogenic forcing is developed to predict the decadal components of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the three decades 2011-2040. The internal decadal component is derived by harmonic wave expansion analyses based on the quasiperiodic evolution of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), as obtained from observational SST datasets. Furthermore, the external decadal component induced by anthropogenic forcing is assessed with a second-order fit based on the ensemble of projected SSTs in the experiments with multiple coupled climate models associated with the third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) under the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Reports on Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B. A validation for the years from 2002 to 2010 based on a comparison of the predicted and the observed SST and their spatial correlation, as well as the root mean square error (RMSE), suggests that the approach is reasonable overall. In addition, the predicted results over the 50°S-50°N global band, the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the North and the South Atlantic Ocean are presented.

Modal recovery of sea-level variability in the South China Sea using merged altimeter data

Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extraction. In terms of the long-term variation, the South China Sea is estimated to have a rising sea-level linear trend of 5.39 mm/a over these 20 years. Among the modes extracted, the seven most statistically significant periodic or quasi-periodic modes are identified as principal modes. The geographical distributions of the magnitudes and phases of the modes are displayed. In terms of intra- annual and annual regimes, two principal modes with strict semiannual and annual periods are found, with the annual variability having the largest amplitudes among the seven modes. For interannual and decadal regimes, five principal modes at approximately 18, 21, 23, 28, and 112 months are found with the most mode- active region being to the east of Vietnam. For the phase distributions, a series of amphidromes are observed as twins, termed ＂amphidrome twins＂, comprising rotating dipole systems. The stability of periodic modes is investigated employing joint spatiotemporal analysis of latitude/longitude sections. Results show that all periodic modes are robust, revealing the richness and complexity of sea-level modes in the South China Sea.

Influences of the interannual variability of vegetation LAI on surface temperature

The influences of interannual variability of vegetation LAI on surface temperature are investigated via two ensemble simulations, applying the Community Earth System Model. The interannual LAI, derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies NDVI for the period 1982-2011, and its associated climatological LAI, are used in the two ensemble simulations, respectively.The results show that the signals of the influences, represented as ensemble-mean differences, are generally weaker than the noises of the atmospheric variability, represented as one standard deviation of the ensemble differences. Spatially, the signals are stronger over the tropics compared with the mid-high latitudes. Such stronger signals are contributed by the significant linearity between LAI and surface temperature, which is mainly caused via the influences of LAI on evapotranspiration.The maximum amplitudes of the influences on the interannual variability of surface temperature are high and thus deserve full consideration. However, the mean magnitudes of influences are small because of the small changes in the amplitudes of LAI. This work only investigates the influences of the interannual variability of LAI and does not consider interannual changes in other vegetation characteristics, such as canopy height and fractional cover. Further work involving dynamic vegetation models may be needed to investigate the influences of vegetation variability.