Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has emerged as the factory floor of the world.Manufacturing prowess has undergirded China’s industrial growth,competitiv...Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has emerged as the factory floor of the world.Manufacturing prowess has undergirded China’s industrial growth,competitiveness,and leading-nation status.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee vowed to“basically complete newtype industrialization,ICT revolution,urbanization,and agricultural modernization and build a modern economic system by 2035.”To achieve this goal,China must steadfastly advance supply-side structural reforms,strengthen the real economy,develop advanced manufacturing,and upgrade traditional industries.China must create a stable and competitive supply chain and enhance the dynamism of market entities.At the heart of these priorities lies innovation.In conclusion,this paper puts forth policy recommendations on China’s manufacturing strength and competitiveness towards 2035.Specifically,China should leverage its market heft and“whole-nation”strength to push forward industrial transition,deepen market-based factor allocation reforms,encourage entrepreneurship,and embrace international cooperation and competition.展开更多
Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial ...Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.展开更多
Despite the presence of a large area of andesite in the Sayaburi Province of Laos, it has received very little attention. Based on a combination of detailed field investigations, geochronology and geochemical analysis...Despite the presence of a large area of andesite in the Sayaburi Province of Laos, it has received very little attention. Based on a combination of detailed field investigations, geochronology and geochemical analysis, this study aims to explore the geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic, and source rock characteristics, as well as the genesis and tectonic setting of the andesite in this region. In the Sayaburi Province, the andesite zircon U-Pb age is(241.2±1.2) Ma. The andesite rock is classified in the metaluminous-weak peraluminous calc-alkaline series. The light rare-earth elements(LREEs) are enriched and characterized by clear fractionation, whereas heavy rare-earth elements(HREEs) are relatively depleted and have no signs of fractionation. The average δEu is 0.96 with weak-or-no Eu anomalies. It is enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb and K, while depleted in high field-strength elements such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti. For andesites in the Sayaburi Province, the(87Rb/86Sr)t value ranges in 0.702849-0.704687, the εNd(t) value is between 3.53 and 4.77, the tDM(t) value ranges in 633-835 Ma, and the tDM2(t) ranges in 625–724 Ma. The results based on the synthesis of petrology, geochemistry, and regional tectonic background studies show that 1) the andesitic magma source in the study area is an enriched mantle, which is modified by subduction zone fluids;2) the geotectonic background environment of the andesite in Sayaburi area is the continental island arc environment and related to the tectonic evolution of Jinghong–Nan–Uttaradit back-arc basin, which reflects that the magmatic source is enriched with a mantle wedge component modified by a subduction zone fluid(or melt).展开更多
Background Smoking and other risk factors have been well known as important factors of variant angina or coronary artery spasm （CAS）. However, clinical features related to age on coronary artery spasm have been rare...Background Smoking and other risk factors have been well known as important factors of variant angina or coronary artery spasm （CAS）. However, clinical features related to age on coronary artery spasm have been rarely evaluated. Methods We evaluated 3155 consecutive patients with insignificant coronary artery lesion. Patients underwent Acetylcholine （Ach） provocation test for induction of CAS. CAS was defined as 〉 70% luminal narrowing of coronary arteries during Ach provocation test. The results of Ach provocation test were compared among age groups; 〈 45 years （Group 1）, 45-54 years （Group 2）, 55-64 years （Group 3）, and 〉_ 65 years （Group 4）. Results Older patients had higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes, but lower incidence rate of current smoking, male sex compared with younger patients. Positive Ach provocation test finding was frequently showed with aging （47.36% vs. 58.3% vs. 62.6% vs. 61.5%; P 〈 0.001）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age, male, and myocardial bridge were independent predictors of CAS induced by Ach provocation test. Conclusion Our present study showed that old age was independent predictor for Ach-induced significant coronary artery spasm.展开更多
After the Second World War of the past century in Italy extended plantations were carried out. In Southern Italy the Calabrian pine （Pinus laricio Poiret） has been the most used species, for its ability to take root...After the Second World War of the past century in Italy extended plantations were carried out. In Southern Italy the Calabrian pine （Pinus laricio Poiret） has been the most used species, for its ability to take root in many difficult conditions. Currently the extension of this vegetation is about 36,000 hectares, in great part established in Calabria. They have reduced hydrogeological risks, they have carried out an important social role and have improved the landscape and the environment of huge hill and mountain territories. After the realization of these stands, no forest management has been made in order to define purposes and silvicultural operations. All stands are currently vulnerable in order to abiotic （fire, breakages） and biotic （Traumatocampa （--- Thaumetopoea） pityocampa （Denis ＆ Schiff.） and Heterobasidion annosum （Fr.） Bref.） agents. For the future, the silvicultural management of these stands will not be able to avoid planning choices, in order to improve the structural stability and the bioecological functionality and to consider the recent opportunities offered from the agroenergetic field.展开更多
The Pamir plateau may have been a westward continuation of Tibet plateau.Meanwhile,the Rushan-Pshart suture is correlative to the Bangong-Nujiang suture of Tibet,and the Central Pamir is the lateral equivalent of the ...The Pamir plateau may have been a westward continuation of Tibet plateau.Meanwhile,the Rushan-Pshart suture is correlative to the Bangong-Nujiang suture of Tibet,and the Central Pamir is the lateral equivalent of the Qiangtang Block.We present the first detailed LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb chronology,major and trace element,and Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of Taxkorgan two-mica monzogranite to illuminate the Tethys evolution in central Pamir.LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating shows that two-mica monzogranite is emplaced in the Cretaceous(118 Ma).Its geochemical features are similar to S-type granite,with enrichment in LREEs and negative Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti anomalies.All the samples show negative zirconεHf(t)values ranging from 17.0 to 12.5(mean 14.5),corresponding to crustal Hf model(TDM2)ages of 1906 to 2169 Ma.It is inferred that these granitoids are derived from partial melting of peliticmetasedimentary rocks analogous to the Paleoproterozoic Bulunkuole Group,predominantly with muscovite schists component.Based on the petrological and geochemical data presented above,together with the regional geology,this work provides new insights that Bangong Nujiang Ocean closed in Early Cretaceous(120114 Ma).展开更多
The increasing population in older age will lead to greater numbers of them presenting with acute coronary syndromes （ACS）. This has implications on global healthcare resources and necessitates better management and...The increasing population in older age will lead to greater numbers of them presenting with acute coronary syndromes （ACS）. This has implications on global healthcare resources and necessitates better management and selection for evidenced-based therapies. The elderly are a high risk group with more significant treatment benefits than younger ACS. Nevertheless, age related inequalities in ACS care are recognised and persist. This discrepancy in care, to some extent, is explained by the higher frequency of atypical and delayed presentations in the elderly, and less diagnostic electrocardiograms at presentation, potentiating a delay in ACS diagnosis. Under estimation of mortality risk in the elderly due to limited consideration for physiological tiailty, co-morbidity, cognitive/psychological impairment and physical disability, less input by cardiology specialists and lack of randomised, controlled trials data to guide management in the elderly may further confound the inequality of care. While these inequalities exist, there remains a substantial opportunity to improve age related ACS outcomes. The selection of elderly patients for specific therapies and medication regimens are unanswered. There is a growing need for randomised, controlled trial data to be more representative of the population and enroll those of advanced age with co-morbidity. A lack of reporting of adverse events, such as renal impairment post coronary angiography, in the elderly further limit risk benefit decisions. Substantial improvements in care of elderly ACS patients are required and should be advocated. Ultimately, these improvements are likely to lead to better outcomes post ACS. However, the improvement in outcome is not infinite and will be limited by non-modifiable factors of age-related risk.展开更多
Objective To investigate the incidence, imaging and clinical characteristics in elderly patients with coronary artery ectasia （CAE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CAE who underwent ...Objective To investigate the incidence, imaging and clinical characteristics in elderly patients with coronary artery ectasia （CAE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CAE who underwent coronary angiography between January 2006 and December 2012. According to age, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups （elderly group, age≥ 65 years; non-elderly group, age 〈 65 years）. The clinical feature, imaging characteristics and the 5-year survival rate of the two groups were compared.Results The preva-lence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%. Patients in elderly group were found to have significantly higher proportion of female （30.1%vs. 10.1%,P〈 0.001）, three-vessel disease （60.5%vs. 45.2%,P = 0.003） and localized ectasia （55.0%vs. 40.2%,P = 0.003）. In addition, body mass index （20.90 ± 2.71 kg/m2vs. 22.31 ± 2.98 kg/m2,P 〈 0.001） and percentage of current smokers （45.0%vs. 64.6%,P 〈 0.001） were significantly lower in elderly group. Cumulative survival curves demonstrated reduced 5-year cumulative survival at the follow-up in the elderly group compared with the non-elderly group （88.0%vs. 96.0%,P = 0.002）. But the 5-year event free survival rate failed to show a significant difference between the two groups （31.0%vs. 35.0%,P= 0.311）.ConclusionThe prevalence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%, which was about 1/3 of the entire numbers of CAE patients. There were significant differences between the elderly and the non-elderly patients with CAE in terms of coronary artery disease risk factors and coronary artery ectatic characteristics. CAE might be asso-ciated with increased mortality risk in the elderly.展开更多
文摘Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has emerged as the factory floor of the world.Manufacturing prowess has undergirded China’s industrial growth,competitiveness,and leading-nation status.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee vowed to“basically complete newtype industrialization,ICT revolution,urbanization,and agricultural modernization and build a modern economic system by 2035.”To achieve this goal,China must steadfastly advance supply-side structural reforms,strengthen the real economy,develop advanced manufacturing,and upgrade traditional industries.China must create a stable and competitive supply chain and enhance the dynamism of market entities.At the heart of these priorities lies innovation.In conclusion,this paper puts forth policy recommendations on China’s manufacturing strength and competitiveness towards 2035.Specifically,China should leverage its market heft and“whole-nation”strength to push forward industrial transition,deepen market-based factor allocation reforms,encourage entrepreneurship,and embrace international cooperation and competition.
文摘Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.
基金Projects(DD20160107,DD20150742)supported by the China Geological SurveyProject supported by the International Scientific Plan of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau of Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey
文摘Despite the presence of a large area of andesite in the Sayaburi Province of Laos, it has received very little attention. Based on a combination of detailed field investigations, geochronology and geochemical analysis, this study aims to explore the geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic, and source rock characteristics, as well as the genesis and tectonic setting of the andesite in this region. In the Sayaburi Province, the andesite zircon U-Pb age is(241.2±1.2) Ma. The andesite rock is classified in the metaluminous-weak peraluminous calc-alkaline series. The light rare-earth elements(LREEs) are enriched and characterized by clear fractionation, whereas heavy rare-earth elements(HREEs) are relatively depleted and have no signs of fractionation. The average δEu is 0.96 with weak-or-no Eu anomalies. It is enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb and K, while depleted in high field-strength elements such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti. For andesites in the Sayaburi Province, the(87Rb/86Sr)t value ranges in 0.702849-0.704687, the εNd(t) value is between 3.53 and 4.77, the tDM(t) value ranges in 633-835 Ma, and the tDM2(t) ranges in 625–724 Ma. The results based on the synthesis of petrology, geochemistry, and regional tectonic background studies show that 1) the andesitic magma source in the study area is an enriched mantle, which is modified by subduction zone fluids;2) the geotectonic background environment of the andesite in Sayaburi area is the continental island arc environment and related to the tectonic evolution of Jinghong–Nan–Uttaradit back-arc basin, which reflects that the magmatic source is enriched with a mantle wedge component modified by a subduction zone fluid(or melt).
文摘Background Smoking and other risk factors have been well known as important factors of variant angina or coronary artery spasm （CAS）. However, clinical features related to age on coronary artery spasm have been rarely evaluated. Methods We evaluated 3155 consecutive patients with insignificant coronary artery lesion. Patients underwent Acetylcholine （Ach） provocation test for induction of CAS. CAS was defined as 〉 70% luminal narrowing of coronary arteries during Ach provocation test. The results of Ach provocation test were compared among age groups; 〈 45 years （Group 1）, 45-54 years （Group 2）, 55-64 years （Group 3）, and 〉_ 65 years （Group 4）. Results Older patients had higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes, but lower incidence rate of current smoking, male sex compared with younger patients. Positive Ach provocation test finding was frequently showed with aging （47.36% vs. 58.3% vs. 62.6% vs. 61.5%; P 〈 0.001）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age, male, and myocardial bridge were independent predictors of CAS induced by Ach provocation test. Conclusion Our present study showed that old age was independent predictor for Ach-induced significant coronary artery spasm.
文摘After the Second World War of the past century in Italy extended plantations were carried out. In Southern Italy the Calabrian pine （Pinus laricio Poiret） has been the most used species, for its ability to take root in many difficult conditions. Currently the extension of this vegetation is about 36,000 hectares, in great part established in Calabria. They have reduced hydrogeological risks, they have carried out an important social role and have improved the landscape and the environment of huge hill and mountain territories. After the realization of these stands, no forest management has been made in order to define purposes and silvicultural operations. All stands are currently vulnerable in order to abiotic （fire, breakages） and biotic （Traumatocampa （--- Thaumetopoea） pityocampa （Denis ＆ Schiff.） and Heterobasidion annosum （Fr.） Bref.） agents. For the future, the silvicultural management of these stands will not be able to avoid planning choices, in order to improve the structural stability and the bioecological functionality and to consider the recent opportunities offered from the agroenergetic field.
基金Project(41802103)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017YFC0601403)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
文摘The Pamir plateau may have been a westward continuation of Tibet plateau.Meanwhile,the Rushan-Pshart suture is correlative to the Bangong-Nujiang suture of Tibet,and the Central Pamir is the lateral equivalent of the Qiangtang Block.We present the first detailed LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb chronology,major and trace element,and Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of Taxkorgan two-mica monzogranite to illuminate the Tethys evolution in central Pamir.LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating shows that two-mica monzogranite is emplaced in the Cretaceous(118 Ma).Its geochemical features are similar to S-type granite,with enrichment in LREEs and negative Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti anomalies.All the samples show negative zirconεHf(t)values ranging from 17.0 to 12.5(mean 14.5),corresponding to crustal Hf model(TDM2)ages of 1906 to 2169 Ma.It is inferred that these granitoids are derived from partial melting of peliticmetasedimentary rocks analogous to the Paleoproterozoic Bulunkuole Group,predominantly with muscovite schists component.Based on the petrological and geochemical data presented above,together with the regional geology,this work provides new insights that Bangong Nujiang Ocean closed in Early Cretaceous(120114 Ma).
文摘The increasing population in older age will lead to greater numbers of them presenting with acute coronary syndromes （ACS）. This has implications on global healthcare resources and necessitates better management and selection for evidenced-based therapies. The elderly are a high risk group with more significant treatment benefits than younger ACS. Nevertheless, age related inequalities in ACS care are recognised and persist. This discrepancy in care, to some extent, is explained by the higher frequency of atypical and delayed presentations in the elderly, and less diagnostic electrocardiograms at presentation, potentiating a delay in ACS diagnosis. Under estimation of mortality risk in the elderly due to limited consideration for physiological tiailty, co-morbidity, cognitive/psychological impairment and physical disability, less input by cardiology specialists and lack of randomised, controlled trials data to guide management in the elderly may further confound the inequality of care. While these inequalities exist, there remains a substantial opportunity to improve age related ACS outcomes. The selection of elderly patients for specific therapies and medication regimens are unanswered. There is a growing need for randomised, controlled trial data to be more representative of the population and enroll those of advanced age with co-morbidity. A lack of reporting of adverse events, such as renal impairment post coronary angiography, in the elderly further limit risk benefit decisions. Substantial improvements in care of elderly ACS patients are required and should be advocated. Ultimately, these improvements are likely to lead to better outcomes post ACS. However, the improvement in outcome is not infinite and will be limited by non-modifiable factors of age-related risk.
基金This article is partly supported by National Natural Sci-entific Foundation，Specialized Re-search Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China，Fund of Capital Special Founda-tion of Clinical Application Research，Capital Health Development Fund，Bei-jing Natural Science Foundation （7131014） awarded to Dr. Jian-Jun Li
文摘Objective To investigate the incidence, imaging and clinical characteristics in elderly patients with coronary artery ectasia （CAE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CAE who underwent coronary angiography between January 2006 and December 2012. According to age, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups （elderly group, age≥ 65 years; non-elderly group, age 〈 65 years）. The clinical feature, imaging characteristics and the 5-year survival rate of the two groups were compared.Results The preva-lence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%. Patients in elderly group were found to have significantly higher proportion of female （30.1%vs. 10.1%,P〈 0.001）, three-vessel disease （60.5%vs. 45.2%,P = 0.003） and localized ectasia （55.0%vs. 40.2%,P = 0.003）. In addition, body mass index （20.90 ± 2.71 kg/m2vs. 22.31 ± 2.98 kg/m2,P 〈 0.001） and percentage of current smokers （45.0%vs. 64.6%,P 〈 0.001） were significantly lower in elderly group. Cumulative survival curves demonstrated reduced 5-year cumulative survival at the follow-up in the elderly group compared with the non-elderly group （88.0%vs. 96.0%,P = 0.002）. But the 5-year event free survival rate failed to show a significant difference between the two groups （31.0%vs. 35.0%,P= 0.311）.ConclusionThe prevalence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%, which was about 1/3 of the entire numbers of CAE patients. There were significant differences between the elderly and the non-elderly patients with CAE in terms of coronary artery disease risk factors and coronary artery ectatic characteristics. CAE might be asso-ciated with increased mortality risk in the elderly.
