文章利用中国气象局发布的热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据资料,以及NCEP/NCAR大气再分析数据,分析了盛季(7~9月份)、后季(10~11月份)西北太平洋(WNP)TC累积气旋能量(ACE)与ENSO事件相关性的年代际变化。发现WNP TC盛季ACE与ENSO的相关性在198...文章利用中国气象局发布的热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据资料,以及NCEP/NCAR大气再分析数据,分析了盛季(7~9月份)、后季(10~11月份)西北太平洋(WNP)TC累积气旋能量(ACE)与ENSO事件相关性的年代际变化。发现WNP TC盛季ACE与ENSO的相关性在1980年发生了年代际的突变,二者相关性由不显著变为显著的正相关。TC后季ACE与ENSO的相关性在1990年前后发生了年代际的突变,相关性由不相关变为显著的正相关。盛季、后季二者相关性年代际转变发生的事件不同,影响机制也不同。盛季ACE与ENSO相关性发生转变的主要原因是连续型ENSO在1980年之前发生频次较高,减弱了ENSO对ACE的影响。后季ACE与ENSO相关性发生转变的原因主要是1990年之前,El Niño多为东太平洋型,在WNP激发的环流异常为偶极子型分布,不能影响ACE的总量,1990年之后,El Niño发生时异常对流的位置偏西,WNP大部分区域被气旋式异常环流控制,有利于TC的生成和加强,因此TC ACE与ENSO有较好的相关性。This paper utilizes the best track data of tropical cyclones from the China Meteorological Administration, along with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis atmospheric data, to analyze the decadal shift in the relationship between the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Northwest Pacific (WNP) during the peak (July-September) and late (October-November) seasons and ENSO events. It was found that the correlation between WNP TC ACE during the peak season and ENSO underwent a decadal shift in 1980, changing from non-significant to a significant positive correlation. The correlation between late-season TC ACE and ENSO also experienced a decadal shift around 1990, changing from no correlation to a significant positive correlation. The decadal shifts in correlation during the peak and late seasons occurred at different times and were driven by different mechanisms. The shift in the correlation between peak season TC ACE and ENSO is primarily due to the high frequency of continuous-type ENSO events before 1980, which weakened the influence of ENSO on ACE. The reason for the shift in the correlation between late-season TC ACE and ENSO is mainly because before 1990, El Niño was predominantly of the Eastern Pacific type, and the circulation anomalies it triggered in the WNP were of a dipole distribution, which did not affect the total ACE. After 1990, the position of anomalous convection during El Niño events shifted westward, and most of the WNP was controlled by cyclonic anomaly circulation, which was conducive to the generation and strengthening of TCs, hence the better correlation between TC ACE and ENSO.展开更多
本文基于Hadley中心的海表温度资料、全国160站气温资料以及National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料,运用经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)...本文基于Hadley中心的海表温度资料、全国160站气温资料以及National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料,运用经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)分解和相关分析等多种统计方法,研究了1951~2020年秋季(9~11月)北大西洋海温年际异常的主要特征及其对初冬(12月)我国气温异常的影响。结果表明:秋季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是纽芬兰岛东南部海温为负(正)距平,北大西洋副极地和副热带及其东部海温为正(负)距平的马蹄型海温模态,方差贡献率为20.5%。研究表明,秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温异常与我国大部分地区初冬气温异常有显著的正相关关系,即秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温模态呈正位相时,我国大部分地区初冬气温偏高,反之,我国大部分地区初冬气温偏低。进一步分析表明,秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温异常能够持续到初冬。当秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温呈正(负)位相时,初冬北大西洋副极地和副热带海温异常通过加热(冷却)异常能够引起局地对流层上层的辐散(辐合)运动,并且激发出南、北两支Rossby波列。其中,北支波列由北大西洋副极地向东北方向传播至巴伦支海附近,然后沿西伯利亚向东南方向传播至我国上空;南支波列由北大西洋副热带向东传播至我国上空。在南、北支波列的影响下,我国上空对流层上层出现异常辐合(辐散),与之伴随的异常下沉(上升)运动使得我国上空云量减少(增加),到达地表的短波辐射增加(减少),同时地表向低层大气传输的长波辐射增加(减少),在非绝热加热的作用下,我国大部分地区气温偏高(偏低)。利用NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3(CAM5.3)模式模拟了北大西洋马蹄型海温异常对初冬大气环流、辐射强迫和气温的影响,模拟结果与观测资料统计分析结果基本一致,进一步表明该海温模态能够激发出遥相关波列,影响东亚大气环流异常,通过非绝热加热的作用影响我国气温异常的年际变化。展开更多
基于ERA5的逐小时100m风场数据,利用时间序列K-means聚类方法,将中国沿海冬季风能年际变化划分为四个区域,分别为北中国海(NorthChina Sea,NCS)、东海(East China Sea,ECS)、南海北部(Northern South China Sea,NSCS)及南海南部(Souther...基于ERA5的逐小时100m风场数据,利用时间序列K-means聚类方法,将中国沿海冬季风能年际变化划分为四个区域,分别为北中国海(NorthChina Sea,NCS)、东海(East China Sea,ECS)、南海北部(Northern South China Sea,NSCS)及南海南部(SouthernSouthChinaSea,SSCS)。四个区域风能的年际变化受不同气候模态的影响,其中NCS风能的年际变化与北极涛动(ArcticOscillation,AO)有关;ECS风能的年际变化与中部型ENSO及西伯利亚高压有关;SSCS和NSCS的年际变化则和东部型ENSO及大陆高压的南北位置存在联系。鉴于影响各区域风能年际变化的气候模态具有较高的可预测性,进一步评估了多个气候模式对中国沿海风能年际变化的预测技巧。结果表明,气候模式对南中国海的风能年际变化预测技巧更高,这与气候模式对ENSO的高预测技巧有关。气候模式对北方海域风能年际变化的预测技巧较差,这和气候模式不能较好地预测AO和西伯利亚高压有关。展开更多
文摘文章利用中国气象局发布的热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据资料,以及NCEP/NCAR大气再分析数据,分析了盛季(7~9月份)、后季(10~11月份)西北太平洋(WNP)TC累积气旋能量(ACE)与ENSO事件相关性的年代际变化。发现WNP TC盛季ACE与ENSO的相关性在1980年发生了年代际的突变,二者相关性由不显著变为显著的正相关。TC后季ACE与ENSO的相关性在1990年前后发生了年代际的突变,相关性由不相关变为显著的正相关。盛季、后季二者相关性年代际转变发生的事件不同,影响机制也不同。盛季ACE与ENSO相关性发生转变的主要原因是连续型ENSO在1980年之前发生频次较高,减弱了ENSO对ACE的影响。后季ACE与ENSO相关性发生转变的原因主要是1990年之前,El Niño多为东太平洋型,在WNP激发的环流异常为偶极子型分布,不能影响ACE的总量,1990年之后,El Niño发生时异常对流的位置偏西,WNP大部分区域被气旋式异常环流控制,有利于TC的生成和加强,因此TC ACE与ENSO有较好的相关性。This paper utilizes the best track data of tropical cyclones from the China Meteorological Administration, along with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis atmospheric data, to analyze the decadal shift in the relationship between the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Northwest Pacific (WNP) during the peak (July-September) and late (October-November) seasons and ENSO events. It was found that the correlation between WNP TC ACE during the peak season and ENSO underwent a decadal shift in 1980, changing from non-significant to a significant positive correlation. The correlation between late-season TC ACE and ENSO also experienced a decadal shift around 1990, changing from no correlation to a significant positive correlation. The decadal shifts in correlation during the peak and late seasons occurred at different times and were driven by different mechanisms. The shift in the correlation between peak season TC ACE and ENSO is primarily due to the high frequency of continuous-type ENSO events before 1980, which weakened the influence of ENSO on ACE. The reason for the shift in the correlation between late-season TC ACE and ENSO is mainly because before 1990, El Niño was predominantly of the Eastern Pacific type, and the circulation anomalies it triggered in the WNP were of a dipole distribution, which did not affect the total ACE. After 1990, the position of anomalous convection during El Niño events shifted westward, and most of the WNP was controlled by cyclonic anomaly circulation, which was conducive to the generation and strengthening of TCs, hence the better correlation between TC ACE and ENSO.
文摘本文基于Hadley中心的海表温度资料、全国160站气温资料以及National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料,运用经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)分解和相关分析等多种统计方法,研究了1951~2020年秋季(9~11月)北大西洋海温年际异常的主要特征及其对初冬(12月)我国气温异常的影响。结果表明:秋季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是纽芬兰岛东南部海温为负(正)距平,北大西洋副极地和副热带及其东部海温为正(负)距平的马蹄型海温模态,方差贡献率为20.5%。研究表明,秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温异常与我国大部分地区初冬气温异常有显著的正相关关系,即秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温模态呈正位相时,我国大部分地区初冬气温偏高,反之,我国大部分地区初冬气温偏低。进一步分析表明,秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温异常能够持续到初冬。当秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温呈正(负)位相时,初冬北大西洋副极地和副热带海温异常通过加热(冷却)异常能够引起局地对流层上层的辐散(辐合)运动,并且激发出南、北两支Rossby波列。其中,北支波列由北大西洋副极地向东北方向传播至巴伦支海附近,然后沿西伯利亚向东南方向传播至我国上空;南支波列由北大西洋副热带向东传播至我国上空。在南、北支波列的影响下,我国上空对流层上层出现异常辐合(辐散),与之伴随的异常下沉(上升)运动使得我国上空云量减少(增加),到达地表的短波辐射增加(减少),同时地表向低层大气传输的长波辐射增加(减少),在非绝热加热的作用下,我国大部分地区气温偏高(偏低)。利用NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3(CAM5.3)模式模拟了北大西洋马蹄型海温异常对初冬大气环流、辐射强迫和气温的影响,模拟结果与观测资料统计分析结果基本一致,进一步表明该海温模态能够激发出遥相关波列,影响东亚大气环流异常,通过非绝热加热的作用影响我国气温异常的年际变化。
文摘基于ERA5的逐小时100m风场数据,利用时间序列K-means聚类方法,将中国沿海冬季风能年际变化划分为四个区域,分别为北中国海(NorthChina Sea,NCS)、东海(East China Sea,ECS)、南海北部(Northern South China Sea,NSCS)及南海南部(SouthernSouthChinaSea,SSCS)。四个区域风能的年际变化受不同气候模态的影响,其中NCS风能的年际变化与北极涛动(ArcticOscillation,AO)有关;ECS风能的年际变化与中部型ENSO及西伯利亚高压有关;SSCS和NSCS的年际变化则和东部型ENSO及大陆高压的南北位置存在联系。鉴于影响各区域风能年际变化的气候模态具有较高的可预测性,进一步评估了多个气候模式对中国沿海风能年际变化的预测技巧。结果表明,气候模式对南中国海的风能年际变化预测技巧更高,这与气候模式对ENSO的高预测技巧有关。气候模式对北方海域风能年际变化的预测技巧较差,这和气候模式不能较好地预测AO和西伯利亚高压有关。