论宋代臣僚书写的太学文

宋代太学是传授和研习儒家经典、培养经世治国人才的中央官学,为最高学府。围绕太学这一特定教育机构,宋代臣僚创作了规模宏大、体质庞杂的太学文。其内容主要有三个方面:其一,臣僚编撰学官任免之制诰文;其二,皇帝视学之后的赋表等幸学文;其三,围绕太学内部诸项事务,臣僚所作奏疏文。太学文对宋代太学的发展走向产生了重要影响。

Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in outpatients with cirrhosis in Brazil: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

AIM To determine the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the impact of HCC surveillance on early diagnosis and survival of cirrhotic outpatients. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, cirrhotic outpatients undergoing HCC surveillance between March 2005 and March 2014 were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were HIV coinfection; previous organ transplantation; diagnosis of HCC at first consultation; missing data in the medical chart; and less than 1 year of follow-up. Surveillance was carried out every six months using ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Ten-year cumulative incidence and survival were estimated through Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Four hundred and fifty-three patients were enrolled, of which 57.6% were male. Mean age was 55 years. Hepatitis C virus and heavy use of alcohol were the main etiologic agents of cirrhosis. HCC was diagnosed in 75 patients(16.6%), with an estimated cumulative incidence of 2.6% in the 1st year, 15.4% in the 5th year, and 28.8% in the 10 th year. Median survival was estimated at 17.6 mo in HCC patients compared to 234 mo in non-HCC patients(P < 0.001). Early-stage HCC was more often detected in patients who underwent surveillance every 6 mo or less(P = 0.05). However, survival was not different between patients with early stage vs non-early stage tumors [HR = 0.54(0.15-1.89), P = 0.33].CONCLUSION HCC is a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis and adherence to surveillance programs favors early diagnosis.

Where Psychology Meets Language Learning:Exploring the Positive Nexus

This paper provides an overview of positive psychology(PP),or the study of elements that make life most worth living(Peterson,2006),and demonstrates its efficacy by detailing five intervention studies.By aligning PP objectives and linguistic aims in second language teaching and learning,the studies show multiplied,concurrent results,heightened teacher and learner wellbeing and improved language proficiency.One important caveat is that PP interventions work best when they cater specifically to individual learners.

Radiological response and inflammation scores predict tumour recurrence in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization before liver transplantation

To investigate the prognostic value of the radiological response after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and inflammatory markers in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) awaiting liver transplantation (LT).METHODSWe retrospectively evaluated the preoperative predictors of HCC recurrence in 70 patients treated with conventional (n = 16) or doxorubicin-eluting bead TACE (n = 54) before LT. The patient and tumour characteristics, including the static and dynamic alpha-fetoprotein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) measurements, were recorded. Treatment response was classified according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease or progressive disease. After examination of the explanted livers, histological necrosis was classified as complete (100% of the cumulative tumour area), partial (50%-99%) or minimal (< 50%) and was correlated with the preoperative radiological findings.RESULTSAccording to the pre-TACE radiological evaluation, 22/70 (31.4%) and 12/70 (17.1%) patients were beyond Milan and University of San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, respectively. After TACE procedures, the objective response (CR + PR) rates were 71.4% and 70.0% according to mRECIST and EASL criteria, respectively. The agreement between the two guidelines in defining the radiological response was rated as very good both for the overall and target lesion response (weighted k-value: 0.98 and 0.93, respectively). Complete and partial histological necrosis were achieved in 14/70 (20.0%) and 28/70 (40.0%) patients, respectively. Using histopathology as the reference standard, mRECIST criteria correctly classified necrosis in 72.9% (51/70) of patients and EASL criteria in 68.6% (48/70) of cases. The mRECIST non-response to TACE [Exp(b) = 9.2, p = 0.012], exceeding UCSF criteria before TACE [Exp(b) = 4.7, p = 0.033] and a preoperative PLR > 150 [Exp(b) = 5.9, p = 0.046] were independent predictors of tumour recurrence.CONCLUSIONThe radiological response and inflammatory markers are predictive of tumour recurrence and allow the proper selection of TACE-treated candidates for LT.

Health Is the Key to Happiness——Profile of Dr.Lixin Shen,President & CEO of Wuxi Howfond Biopharma Co.,Ltd.

No matter where he is and what he does,Dr. Shen always considers himself as a devoted researcher,and holds tough mind that he will go further along the medicine innovation, heading for the health and happiness of human being.

Association between HER-2 Over-Expression and Prognosis in Human Osteosarcoma:a Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE Various studies examining the relationship be-tween HER-2 over-expression and the response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in patients with osteosarcoma have yielded inconclusive results.The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the relation of HER-2 status with the response to chemo-therapy and clinical outcome in osteosarcoma.METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 6 studies that evaluated the correlation between HER-2 status and histologic response to chemotherapy and 2-year survival.Data were syn-thesized in summary receiver operating characteristic curves and with summary likelihood ratios(LRs) and relative risk.RESULTS The quantitative synthesis showed that HER-2 status is not a prognostic factor for the response to chemotherapy.The positive LR was 1.27(95% conf idence interval,0.91～1.77),and the negative LR was 0.68(95% confidence interval,0.38～1.22).There was no significant between-study heterogeneity.HER2-positive status tended to be associated with a worse 2-year survival,but the overall results were not formally statistically signif icant.CONCLUSION HER-2 status is not associated with the histo-logic response to chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma,whereas HER-2 positive patients may be associated with decreased survival.

Colorectal and interval cancers of the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in the Basque Country (Spain)

AIM To assess proportions, related conditions and survival of interval cancer(IC).METHODS The programme has a linkage with different clinical databases and cancer registers to allow suitable evaluation. This evaluation involves the detection of ICs after a negative faecal inmunochemical test(FIT), interval cancer FIT(IC-FIT) prior to a subsequent invitation, and the detection of ICs after a positive FIT and confirmatory diagnosis without colorectal cancer(CRC) detected and before the following recommended c o l o n o s c o p y, I C-c o l o n o s c o p y. W e c o n d u c t e d a retrospective observational study analyzing from January 2009 to December 2015 1193602 invited people onto the Programme(participation rate of 68.6%).RESULTS Two thousand five hundred and eighteen cancers were diagnosed through the programme, 18 cases of IC-colonoscopy were found before the recommended follow-up(43542 colonoscopies performed) and 186 IC-FIT were identified before the following invitation of the 769200 negative FITs. There was no statistically significant relation between the predictor variables of ICs with sex, age and deprivation index, but there was relation between location and stage. Additionally, it was observed that there was less risk when the location was distal rather than proximal(OR = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.20-0.40, P < 0.0001), with no statistical significance when the location was in the rectum as opposed to proximal. When comparing the screen-detected cancers(SCs) with ICs, significant differences in survival were found(P < 0.001); being the 5-years survival for SCs 91.6% and IC-FIT 77.8%.CONCLUSION These findings in a Population Based CRC Screening Programme indicate the need of population-based studies that continue analyzing related factors to improve their detection and reducing harm.

Exploring University ESL/EFL Teachers' Emotional Well-Being and Emotional Regulation in the United States, Japan and Austria

Teacher well-being has been shown to play a central role in the quality of teaching and student achievement(Day & Gu, 2009;Klusmann, Kunter, Trautwein, Lüdtke, & Baumert, 2008). However,the teaching profession is currently in crisis as it faces record rates of burnout and attrition(Borman & Dowling, 2008;Hong, 2010;Lovewell, 2012), including stressors specific to the changing nature of foreign language teaching(Hiver & Dornyei, 2015;Wieczorek, 2016) and to higher education(Kinman & Wray, 2013). This study seeks to understand how language teachers perceive of and experience their emotional well-being and what strategies they employ to manage it. Through a series of 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ESL/EFL tertiary-level teachers in the United States, Japan and Austria, we explore a range of contexts examining how participants perceive of factors that add to or detract from their emotional well-being, the challenges and joys these teachers face in their professional and personal lives, and the most salient emotional regulation strategies that they employ to manage their emotions.