AIM:To investigate the feasibility and the effectiveness of ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve,which can retain the ileocecal valve in infants.METHODS:This is a retrospective review of 48 pati...AIM:To investigate the feasibility and the effectiveness of ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve,which can retain the ileocecal valve in infants.METHODS:This is a retrospective review of 48 patients who underwent ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve(group 1) and 34 patients who underwent ileocecal resections and ileotransversanastomosis(group 2).Patients were monitored for the time to flatus,resumption of eating,length of hospital stay after surgery,serum total bile acid,vitamin B12 and postoperative complications.RESULTS:The time to flatus,time until resumption of eating and post-operative length of hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Serum total bile acid and vitamin B12were not significantly different between the two groups at post-operative day 1 and day 3,but were significantly decreased at 1 wk after operation in group 2.None of the patients died or suffered from stomal leak in these two groups.However,the incidence of diarrhea,intestinal infection,disturbance of acid-base balance and water-electrolytes in group 1 was lower than in group 2.CONCLUSION:Ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve is safe and results in fewer complications than ileotransversanastomosis in infants.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the impact of feeding colicky infants with an adapted formula on the hydrogen breath test and clinical symptoms.METHODS:Hydrogen expiration was measured by SC MicroLyzer gas chromatography at inclusion...AIM:To evaluate the impact of feeding colicky infants with an adapted formula on the hydrogen breath test and clinical symptoms.METHODS:Hydrogen expiration was measured by SC MicroLyzer gas chromatography at inclusion and 15 d after treatment with an adapted low-lactose formula in 20 colicky infants.RESULTS:All babies were symptomatic:85% with excess gas,75% with abnormal feeding pattern,and 85% with excessive crying.The hydrogen breath test at inclusion was abnormal:35 ± 3.1 ppm.After 15 d feeding with an adapted low-lactose formula,crying and flatulence decreased in 85% of patients (P < 0.001).For infants in whom no decrease of gas was reported,crying was still reduced (P < 0.01).Moreover,the feeding pattern was improved in 50% of infants when it was initially considered as abnormal.Finally,the hydrogen breath test decreased significantly (10 ± 2.5 ppm,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:This study showed an association between clinical improvement and evidence of decreased levels of hydrogen when the infants were fed with a specially designed,low-lactose formula.展开更多
This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll＆, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Na...This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll＆, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Morphological and physiological factors were measured. Seedlings height, number of leaves, number of branches and sub-branches were different （P 〈 0.05） among the three species at the nursery stage and under field conditions. Collar diameter showed significant difference among the species under field conditions. Physiological factors exhibited more significant variations in the field than at the nursery stage. Variations in growth characteristics were attributed to genetics differences and different growth habit, while variations in physiological factors （photosynthesis and transpiration rate） were attributed to differences in leaf structure, size and number of stomatal pores.展开更多
There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewic...There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees （＇Topaz＇/M26） obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years （2011-2014）. The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.展开更多
Personal ethics are strongly influenced by emotions, particularly secondary emotions, because these emotions expand ethical reasoning and development as the child matures. A well-developed consciousness profoundly inf...Personal ethics are strongly influenced by emotions, particularly secondary emotions, because these emotions expand ethical reasoning and development as the child matures. A well-developed consciousness profoundly influences a person＇s actions and conduct when solving problems of what is thought, or taught to be, right or wrong Compelling neurological evidence supports the claim that children begin to develop enduring ethical standards at an early age and that these standards are largely based on the experiences of early childhood. Essentially, the innate sense of ethics requires nurturing during infancy before it can be cognitively understood and practiced in maturity. In biological terms, the development of neural networks that regulate emotional growth, and subsequently, the capacity for ethical discrimination, depends on the infant＇s early social environment. Thus, the toddler＇s early epigenetic experiences enhance, or impede, its innate still dormant genetic potential. Importantly, personal character development and ethical discrimination begins long before the child＇s formal educational years. As a consequence, early learning has to discover ways of conserving adaptive thinking which can be applied to the choices that may confront future generations. Early ethics education, including accurate access to scientific, medical, and technological knowledge, is thus critical. Future generations will increasingly require education from a global perspective when making major ethical decisions in areas, such as nuclear technology, disposal of wastes, preservation of biodiversity, global warming, and unregulated human population growth. As long as our culture continues to reflect advances in science and technology, there is an obligation to make science education overlap with crucial periods in the advancement of ethical consciousness. Significantly, when considering the human capacity for excess at times of conflict, it is incumbent on the scientific community to integrate research-based knowledge with wide-ranging learning and problem-solving skills. Bioscience ethics, the established interface bridging applied science and applied bioethics, can assist in this process of integration. To become fully responsible adults, we must share our extraordinary cognitive talents and respect life on earth in all its rich diversity. In biological terms, human uniqueness resides primarily in our brains with its products being co-operation in family and ancestral units, long education, sophisticated language and culture, and importantly, ethical consciousness-all attributes held in trust by knowledge and wisdom for future generations.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81100318a grant from Nanjing Medical University,No. 2010NJMU118
文摘AIM:To investigate the feasibility and the effectiveness of ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve,which can retain the ileocecal valve in infants.METHODS:This is a retrospective review of 48 patients who underwent ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve(group 1) and 34 patients who underwent ileocecal resections and ileotransversanastomosis(group 2).Patients were monitored for the time to flatus,resumption of eating,length of hospital stay after surgery,serum total bile acid,vitamin B12 and postoperative complications.RESULTS:The time to flatus,time until resumption of eating and post-operative length of hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Serum total bile acid and vitamin B12were not significantly different between the two groups at post-operative day 1 and day 3,but were significantly decreased at 1 wk after operation in group 2.None of the patients died or suffered from stomal leak in these two groups.However,the incidence of diarrhea,intestinal infection,disturbance of acid-base balance and water-electrolytes in group 1 was lower than in group 2.CONCLUSION:Ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve is safe and results in fewer complications than ileotransversanastomosis in infants.
基金Supported by United Pharmaceuticals SAS,55 Avenue Hoche,75008 Paris,France
文摘AIM:To evaluate the impact of feeding colicky infants with an adapted formula on the hydrogen breath test and clinical symptoms.METHODS:Hydrogen expiration was measured by SC MicroLyzer gas chromatography at inclusion and 15 d after treatment with an adapted low-lactose formula in 20 colicky infants.RESULTS:All babies were symptomatic:85% with excess gas,75% with abnormal feeding pattern,and 85% with excessive crying.The hydrogen breath test at inclusion was abnormal:35 ± 3.1 ppm.After 15 d feeding with an adapted low-lactose formula,crying and flatulence decreased in 85% of patients (P < 0.001).For infants in whom no decrease of gas was reported,crying was still reduced (P < 0.01).Moreover,the feeding pattern was improved in 50% of infants when it was initially considered as abnormal.Finally,the hydrogen breath test decreased significantly (10 ± 2.5 ppm,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:This study showed an association between clinical improvement and evidence of decreased levels of hydrogen when the infants were fed with a specially designed,low-lactose formula.
文摘This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll＆, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Morphological and physiological factors were measured. Seedlings height, number of leaves, number of branches and sub-branches were different （P 〈 0.05） among the three species at the nursery stage and under field conditions. Collar diameter showed significant difference among the species under field conditions. Physiological factors exhibited more significant variations in the field than at the nursery stage. Variations in growth characteristics were attributed to genetics differences and different growth habit, while variations in physiological factors （photosynthesis and transpiration rate） were attributed to differences in leaf structure, size and number of stomatal pores.
文摘There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees （＇Topaz＇/M26） obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years （2011-2014）. The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.
文摘Personal ethics are strongly influenced by emotions, particularly secondary emotions, because these emotions expand ethical reasoning and development as the child matures. A well-developed consciousness profoundly influences a person＇s actions and conduct when solving problems of what is thought, or taught to be, right or wrong Compelling neurological evidence supports the claim that children begin to develop enduring ethical standards at an early age and that these standards are largely based on the experiences of early childhood. Essentially, the innate sense of ethics requires nurturing during infancy before it can be cognitively understood and practiced in maturity. In biological terms, the development of neural networks that regulate emotional growth, and subsequently, the capacity for ethical discrimination, depends on the infant＇s early social environment. Thus, the toddler＇s early epigenetic experiences enhance, or impede, its innate still dormant genetic potential. Importantly, personal character development and ethical discrimination begins long before the child＇s formal educational years. As a consequence, early learning has to discover ways of conserving adaptive thinking which can be applied to the choices that may confront future generations. Early ethics education, including accurate access to scientific, medical, and technological knowledge, is thus critical. Future generations will increasingly require education from a global perspective when making major ethical decisions in areas, such as nuclear technology, disposal of wastes, preservation of biodiversity, global warming, and unregulated human population growth. As long as our culture continues to reflect advances in science and technology, there is an obligation to make science education overlap with crucial periods in the advancement of ethical consciousness. Significantly, when considering the human capacity for excess at times of conflict, it is incumbent on the scientific community to integrate research-based knowledge with wide-ranging learning and problem-solving skills. Bioscience ethics, the established interface bridging applied science and applied bioethics, can assist in this process of integration. To become fully responsible adults, we must share our extraordinary cognitive talents and respect life on earth in all its rich diversity. In biological terms, human uniqueness resides primarily in our brains with its products being co-operation in family and ancestral units, long education, sophisticated language and culture, and importantly, ethical consciousness-all attributes held in trust by knowledge and wisdom for future generations.
