广西多穗柯叶片性状变异及幼苗生长量研究

多穗柯是一种珍贵天然野生药用植物,可以开发出保健食品色素和天然医用药品,广西的资源较丰富,该研究采集巴马、那坡、德保及田林等4个产地的多穗柯种子进行播种育苗,并跟踪调查测定一年生幼苗的叶片性状及幼苗生长量,并进行相关性分析。结果表明：（1）不同产地间叶片性状及幼苗生长指标均存在不同程度的差异,其中巴马与那坡、德保、田林在叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶脉间距、叶鲜重、叶片干物质含量、叶片组织密度等叶片性状上的差异均达到显著水平,在株高、地径、单株干重、主根长、单株根干重及单株叶干重等生长指标上亦存在显著差异,且生长量是后3个产地的1~2倍;通过比较各产地的叶片保水力及植株净生长量,巴马的多穗柯植株耐旱性及生长速度优于其他三地。综合各性状表现,认为巴马的多穗柯苗期表现比较好,生长速度快,长势好,抗旱性较强,可作为多穗柯优良种源的初步选择。（2）8月份是多穗柯株高、地径的生长高峰期,建议此时应加强肥水管理,调节适宜的水肥光热条件,尽量延长幼苗的快速生长时间,以获得苗木的最大累积生长量。（3）叶片性状与幼苗生长量的相关性分析结果显示,叶面积与株高、地径、单株干重、单株根干重以及单株叶干重等呈极显著正相关,叶脉间距、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）与株高、单株干重呈显著或极显著正相关,比叶面积与株高、地径呈显著负相关。因此,在以后的优株表型选择中,要优先考虑叶子大、叶脉间距宽、中老熟叶片叶色浓绿的植株。该研究结果为多穗柯优良种质资源的早期筛选提供了一定的依据。

播种深度对高粱出苗和幼苗生长的影响

为了明确高粱的适宜播种深度,观察不同高粱品种对不同播种深度的耐深播差异,研究了8种播种深度对3个高粱品种出苗和幼苗生长的影响,出苗时记载不同播种深度下高粱的出苗速度和出苗率,出苗结束后,调查其地上部分幼苗生长量、胚轴长度和种子根长度。结果表明：随着覆土厚度的增加幼苗出苗速度明显减慢。在播深3 cm、5 cm和7 cm处理下,各品种从播种至出苗需要5天,在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm和13 cm处理下,需要5~7天,在播深17 cm处理下为7~11天。在播深12 cm、13 cm和17 cm处理下‘晋中0822’较其他2个品种从播种至出苗所需时间早2~4天。不同播深处理下高粱完成出苗所需要时间也不尽相同。在播深3 cm、5 cm和7 cm处理下,各品种完成出苗所需时间为9天,在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm和13 cm处理下,需要9~13天,在播深17 cm处理下需13天。品种‘晋中0822’在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm和13 cm处理下9天完成出苗,较其他2个品种早。播种深度对3个高粱品种的出苗率亦有显著影响。随着播种深度的增加,3个高粱品种的平均出苗率不断降低。3 cm和5 cm为高粱最适播种深度。在播深3 cm、5 cm、7 cm、8c m、10cm和12 cm处理下品种‘晋中0822’出苗率显著高于其他品种。此外,播种深度对幼苗的生长发育也有显著影响。随着播种深度增加,3个高粱品种的地上部分幼苗生长量和种根长显著降低,而胚轴长度显著增加。在3cm和5 cm播深处理下幼苗生长量、种根长和胚轴长与其他各处理差异显著。在播深7 cm、8 cm、10 cm、12 cm、13 cm和17 cm处理下‘晋中0822’品种各指标与其他品种差异显著。

北方设施栽培条件下氮素水平对辣木幼苗生长的影响

为了明确辣木幼苗速生期氮素需求规律,在北方设施条件下,通过设置5个氮素水平处理,研究施氮对辣木幼苗株高、地径生长及其叶片N、P、K养分含量、色素含量及光合特性等方面的变化特征。结果显示,随着氮素水平增加,辣木株高、地径、叶片N、P、chla、类胡萝卜素、总色素含量及光量子效率(Q)呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,光补偿点(Lcp)呈先下降后上升趋势;株高生长与叶片P及chla显著相关,地径与暗呼吸速率(RD)及叶片K含量显著相关;当氮素水平在30 g·株^(-1)(N_3)时,辣木生长速度最快,植株养分状况较好、光能利用率最佳。

海南地区6个种源红花天料木幼苗生长差异评价

采用实测法对6个种源的红花天料木幼苗生长量进行连续测定和综合分析,结果表明:不同种源间苗期生长量差异显著,乐东1种源的幼苗生长较好。通过变异系数分析发现,变异系数分别为:地径为0.53,苗高为0.44,说明不同种源间的地径变化幅度比较大。

不同基肥对银叶金合欢幼苗生长的影响

为探明基肥对银叶金合欢幼苗生长的影响,以广东省"碳汇林"造林工程常用的4种肥料作基肥,在整地挖穴时施入,苗木种植后的90d和180d分别测定幼苗的树高、地径、冠幅-生长量,试验结束时,取全苗分析苗木物质积累重量,用LA-S植物图像分析仪扫描分析苗木叶片生长情况。结果表明:幼苗高生长及冠幅生长对基肥出现明显差异性(P<0.05)的响应时段在0-90d,地径在90-180d;采用挪威进口复合肥、林木专用肥、发酵干鸡粪作基肥,其苗木树高、地径、冠幅的生长增幅、苗木物质积累、单叶面积及整株叶片面积均高于过磷酸钙作基肥处理,并以林木专用肥作基肥生长效果最优,其苗木树高、地径、冠幅的生长增幅以及干物质积累、单叶面积和整株叶片面积比对照净增9.73%、14.82%、14.04%、216.5%、41.5%和113.8%,达到显著差异水平(P<0.05)。

基质对核桃种子萌发及苗木生长量的影响

研究了基质种类对核桃种子萌发及苗木生长的影响。结果表明:基质Ⅰ出苗率和成活率最低,分别为62.45%和55.32%,基质Ⅱ发芽率和成活率最高分别为76.83%和68.47%;基质Ⅰ苗木生长状况最差,平均苗高、平均地径和平均主根长分别为10.24、0.33、18.51cm,基质Ⅱ苗木的生长状况最佳,平均苗高、平均地径和平均主根长分别为10.24、0.45、26.49cm。

赤霉酸处理对核桃种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了提高核桃种子的发芽率和幼苗生长量,用不同浓度赤霉酸处理核桃种子后,研究了不同浓度赤霉酸处理对核桃种子出苗期、发芽率和种子播种后幼苗生长量的影响。结果表明:不同浓度赤霉酸处理核桃种子后,均提早了出苗始期、出苗高峰期、出苗终期,缩短了出苗周期,提高了发芽率和幼苗株高、地径、根长,促进了枝条木质化和顶芽饱满程度。不同处理浓度中100 mg/L的发芽率、幼苗株高、地径和根长最高,分别为86.49%、42.45 cm、32.50 mm和28.32 cm,较对照(CK)清水处理分别提高了22.04%、63.39%、61.53%和40.62%,差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。

小黑麦种子萌发对四种环境因子的响应

小黑麦是一种生物产量高、环境适应性较强的优质牧草,但同一品种的种子萌发分别对多个环境因子的响应还不够清楚。本文以小黑麦1号和2号种子为材料,研究了环境因子温度、pH、NaCl和聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)对种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,种子在10~35℃中的萌发率均达到90%,在pH 4~8的萌发率为80%以上,但种子萌发率和随后幼苗生长的适宜温度为25~30℃,适宜pH为5~6;种子在50~100 mmol/L NaCl溶液中的萌发率高于90%,而随后的幼苗生长量随着Na Cl物质的量浓度的增加而显著降低;种子在质量分数为10%~25%PEG-6000溶液中能够不同程度地萌发,但萌发率和随后的幼苗生长量则随着PEG-6000质量分数的增加显著降低。小黑麦1号和2号种子萌发和萌发后生长的适宜条件为25~30℃,pH 5~6,小于50 mmol/L NaCl和质量分数10%PEG-6000。

Effects of Sand Burial on the Survival, Growth, and Biomass Allocation in Semi-shrub Hedysarum laeve Seedlings

Hedysarum laeve Maxim. (Leguminosae) is one of the major species used frequently in revegetation of dune_field in the sandlands of the northern part of China by means of aerial sowing. Seedlings of the species after emergence above the sand surface may be buried in sand to various depths during its establishment in late spring and early summer. A study was made to examine the effects of sand burial at different levels of 0 (control), 33%, 67%, 100% and 133% of their shoot height, on the survivorship, growth, and biomass allocation pattern of H. laeve seedlings (one and two weeks old after emergence). When burial depth was up to 100% of their shoot height, about 70% seedlings died; and the burial at depth of 133% of their shoot height led to death of all seedlings. When seedlings was buried at depth of 33% and 67% of their shoot height, respectively, after six_week growth, their biomass of whole plant, blade, and root and relative growth rate were higher than the unburied counterparts. The seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments did not significantly change their biomass allocation pattern comparing with the unburied ones. Furthermore, the number of leaves and shoot height of the seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments were not significantly different from those of unburied individuals, respectively. The newly born leaves of the surviving seedlings, in 33%, 67%, and 100% burial treatments, during the period of experiment, were significantly more than those in control.

不同种源华山松育苗试验初报

对来自昆明、曲靖、楚雄、腾冲、马关的华山松种子开展萌发试验和幼苗生长量对比试验。结果表明,马关种源的华山松种苗在发芽速度、成活率等方面较为优越,而昆明种源的华山松种苗在发芽率、成活率、高径生长等方面表现最佳。

韭菜种植与管理技术

韭菜属于多年生宿根蔬菜,适应性强,抗寒耐热。全国各地都有种植,南方大部分地区可常年生产,北方冬季温室仍能收获。北方地区一般在阴历3月中旬下种,根据不同品种的特点、出苗率计算播种量。1韭菜种植露地韭菜播种的时候采取撒种穴种等,覆土不能太厚,也不能太薄。但幼苗生长量少,对肥力的吸收比较弱,及时追施速效化肥等补充营养。

Parameters for Use of BEWAB＋ Programme to Schedule Irrigation of Pea （Pisum sativum L,）

A large portion of irrigation farmers make use of subjective （intuition） irrigation scheduling methods as supposed to objective or scientific irrigation scheduling methods, which need to be changed. The BEsproeiingsWAterbestuursprogram （BEWAB＋） irrigation scheduling programme is based on the water balance equation and needs： （1） a crop production function; （2） a relative consumptive water demand curve and （3） an allowable depletion subroutine. The objective of this paper was to describe research aimed at obtaining information on （1） and （2） for pea and also to describe the effect of water application on yield and water use of pea. BEWAB＋ uses this information to estimate the daily irrigation water requirements for a particular soil-crop-atmosphere system under irrigation. A field experiment, based on published line-source irrigation methodology, was conducted on a 3 m deep loamy fine sand Bainsvlei or Ustic Quartzipsamment soil near Bloemfontein （26°08′S; 29°01′E） in South Africa. Results showed that there is a linear relationship of the form Ys = 8.07ET - 249 （r2 = 0.91）, where Ys is the seed yield of pea （kg/ha） and ET is evapotranspiration for the growing season （mm）. The relative consumptive water demand curve is represented by the following third order polynomial function that describes the relationship between time and relative ET for a pea growing season of 120 days： ETrelx = 0.09419646 - 0.01302413x ＋ 0.00059008x2 - 0.00000371x3. ETrelz denotes relative ET and x denotes time in days. A workable balance between practical problem solving and advanced irrigation science has been established with BEWAB＋. Pre-plant irrigation schedules can be made for semi-arid areas with the BEWAB＋ programme using easily obtainable inputs, like target yield, soil depth and soil particle size distribution information.

蜜环菌发酵液化感效应的初步研究

研究不同浓度的蜜环菌Armillariamellea发酵液对油菜籽萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,发酵液在油菜籽萌发过程中对种子的发芽势影响显著,对最终种子发芽率影响不大;发酵液具有促进幼苗伸长,抑制根生长的作用;随着发酵液浓度的升高,幼苗的成活率呈下降趋势;发酵液对幼苗生产量的影响表现为低促高抑,低浓度促进生产量的增加,高浓度下幼苗的生产量随着浓度的升高而降低。通过对蜜环菌化感作用的检测,蜜环菌发酵液在油菜籽的发芽势、苗伸长、根生长及幼苗生产量等方面均具有化感作用。

插条长度对四倍体刺槐扦插育苗的影响

研究了插条长度对四倍体刺槐扦插成活率及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,长度为16～20cm的硬枝插条愈伤组织形成率、成活率均及幼苗生长量均高于10～15cm的插条;嫩枝扦插的实验结果和硬枝扦插结果一致,说明插条长度对四倍体刺槐扦插繁殖有显著影响。

Effects of cadmium stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus dahuricus infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte

Various cadmium （Cd） concentrations （0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μmol L-1） affected Elymus dahuricus seed germination, seed- ling growth, antioxidative enzymes activities （AEA）, and amounts of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline present. These in- fluences were determined for separate E. dahuricus cohorts known to be either infected （E＋） or non-infected （E-） by a Neo- typhodium endophyte. Under high Cd concentrations （100, 200 and 300 lamol L-l）, E＋ specimens showed a significantly （P〈0.05） higher germination rate and index, as well as higher values for shoot length, root length and dry biomass. However, the germination rate and index, root length and dry weight did not show a significant （P〈0.05） difference under the low Cd concentrations （0 and 50 μmol L^-1）. AEA and proline content increased, as did MDA content, in the E＋ （vs. E-） specimens under high Cd concentrations. There was no significant （P〉0.05） difference under low Cd concentrations. Endophyte infection was concluded to be of benefit to E. dahuricus exposed to high Cd concentrations.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities on Soil Quality and the Growth of Cucumber Seedlings in a Greenhouse Soil of Continuously Planting Cucumber

A pot experiment was performed to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizM fungi （AMF） communities on soil properties and the growth of cucumber seedlings in a degraded soil that had been used for continuous cucumber monoculture in a greenhouse for 15 years. In the experiment, AMF communities （created by combining various AMF species that were found to be dominant in natural farm soil） were inoculated into the degraded soil, and then the soil was planted with cucumber. Inoculation with AMF communities did not affect soil pH but increased soil aggregate stability and decreased the concentrations of salt ions and electrical conductivity （EC） in the soil. Inoculation with AMF communities increased the numbers of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes but reduced the number of fungi. AMF communities increased plant growth, soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content, and root activity compared to non-mycorrhizal or a single AMF species treatments. Improvements of soil quality and plant growth were greatest with the following two communities： Glomus etunicatum ＋ G. mosseae ＋ Gigaspora margarita ＋ Acaulospora lacunosa and G. aggregatum ＋ G. etunicatum ＋ G. mosseae ＋ G. versiforme ＋ G. margarita ＋ A. lacunosa. The results suggested that certain AMF communities could substantially improve the quality of degraded soil.