广温高产平菇“唐平0332”的选育

平菇新品种"唐平0332"是以平菇"抗病265"单核菌丝和鲍鱼菇单核菌丝为亲本,经原生质体融合获得的菌株。该菌株从接种到采收45~55 d,子实体覆瓦状,黑色或黑褐色,菌盖直径9.23 cm,菌盖厚度1.67 cm;菌柄直径1.67 cm,菌柄长度3.57 cm,出菇整齐,转潮快。2019年区域试验表明,"唐平0332"单棒平均产量为1 195 g,生物学效率平均为108.63%,平均增产率为11.86%。2020年生产试验表明,"唐平0332"的单棒平均产量为1 396 g,生物学效率为107.38%,较对照"4195"提高11.23%。适合在河北、河南等平菇产区种植。

《广温疫论》版本源流考证及学术价值

《广温疫论》为清代戴天章在吴又可《温疫论》的基础上增订删改而成,是瘟疫学派重要著作之一。其版本流传甚多,如影响较大的《温疫明辨》实为《广温疫论》异名同书之作,其后在《广瘟疫论》基础上衍生出《广温热论》、《重订广温热论》的系列著作,极大地丰富发展了中医瘟疫理论,提高了中医防治瘟疫的临床实践水平。1戴天章生平戴天章,字麟郊,晚号北山,人称北山先生,清·江苏上元(今江苏江宁)人。

平菇广温七号菌株特性及栽培

平菇广温七号菌株特性及栽培朱宏发（江苏高邮市食用真菌研究所，２２５６００）平菇广温七号菌株是本所１９９４年选育成功的一个广温型菌株，于１９９５年开始在全国推广，三年来已成为全国目前主栽品种，以独特的高产性能和优美菇形，为栽培者获得了较高的经济效益，现...

平菇新品种‘冀杂37’选育及区域栽培试验

平菇‘冀杂37’是由低温平菇品种‘2026’和广温平菇品种‘科佳1号’为亲本通过孢子单单杂交,选育出的广温、抗杂、中大型平菇新品种。菌丝体洁白浓密,分解木质素能力强;出菇温度4~30℃,最适出菇温度15~25℃;子实体从生,盖灰柄白、菇质细腻。可利用玉米芯、木屑、棉籽壳、牛粪沼渣等为主料,在暖棚、地下菇棚、半地下菇棚等设施栽培出菇,规模化栽培生物学效率达到120%以上。

Study on the Characteristics of Florescence and Pollen in Lagerstroemia speciosa

[ Objective] To study the characteristics of florescence and pollen in Lagerstroemia speciosa. [ Method ] The process of flower opening and pollen tube germination of Lagerstroemia speciosa was observed and the pollen viability was determined through in vitro germination. [ Result] Sepals of L. speciosa started to diverge at 4：30 am, at 7： 00 am petals flatten up, anther diverged, and the stigma secreted a large number of mucus, it was the best time for artificial pollination. Boric acid and sucrose had a great effect on in vitro pollen germination of L. speciosa, the combination which made highest rate of pollen germination, was sucrose 150 g/L ＋ boric acid 20 mg/L ＋ CaCI2 10 mg/L. Through the fluorescence microscope, it was known that four hours after flowering, a lot of pollen grains germinated on the stigma, six hours after flowering, lots of pollen tubes entered the style and reached to 1/4 length of the style, 12 hours after flowering, pollen tubes concentrated into a beam forward, and reached to 1/2 length of the style, 24 hours after flowering, lots of pollen tubes entered the ovary in a beam and then fertilized and produced seeds. [ Conclusion] The results provide some basis for utilizing L. speciosa to breed.

CLIMATE WARMING IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE AND ITS INFLUENCES ON AGRICULTURE AND COUNTER MEASURES

Climate changes in Guangdong are studied based on temperature data of 86 meteorological stations in Guangdong Province during 1961 – 2000, temperature data in Guangzhou during 1908 – 2002, and sea level data in the South China Sea during 1958 – 2001. Significant climate warming and sea level rise in Guangdong is demonstrated. Possible influences of climate warming on agriculture in Guangdong are discussed in terms of thermal resources, crop and breed layout, crop yield, diseases, insect pests and weeds as well as agrometeorological disasters, etc. In the final part, agricultural strategies of mitigating and adapting to the climate changes are given.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE WARMING AND IMPACT ON CLIMATE ZONES CHANGE IN GUANGDONG

Based on temperature data in Guangdong in the past 50years, statistical methods are used to analyze the characteristics of temperature in spatial and temporal variation. The results show that land surface temperature warms by 0.16℃/1 0a in Guangdong. The range of warming was lower than the average of nationwide and global land surface. Furthermore, the temperature has a larger increase tendency in winter and spring and coastal areas than in summer and autumn and inland areas. Climate zones move towards the north obviously. North tropical zone is expanding, south subtropical zone is reducing and central subtropical zone is relatively stable. Under the global climate warming, characteristics of climate warming in Guangdong were influenced by atmosphere general circulation, sea surface temperature and human activities etc.

Improved Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm with Offline and Online Identification and Its Application to Fixed Bed Reactor

An improved generalized predictive control algorithm is presented in thispaper by incorporating offline identification into online identification. Unlike the existinggeneralized predictive control algorithms, the proposed approach divides parameters of a predictivemodel into the time invariant and time-varying ones, which are treated respectively by offline andonline identification algorithms. Therefore, both the reliability and accuracy of the predictivemodel are improved. Two simulation examples of control of a fixed bed reactor show that this newalgorithm is not only reliable and stable in the case of uncertainties and abnormal disturbances,but also adaptable to slow time varying processes.

ANALYSIS OF MID-SUMMER HIGH TEMPERATURE FREQUENCY ANOMALY IN GUANGZHOU

Using EOF, correlation analysis, the climatic characteristics are analyzed of the yearly high temperature frequency (HTF) in Guangzhou from 1951-2004, and the relationship between the mid-summer (July and August) HTF anomaly and the synchronous 500hPa heights of the region(65 - 150°E, 10 - 70°N) is also discussed. The results show that: (1) the average of HTF is 8.7 days per year in the recent 54 years in Guangzhou; high temperature occurs from May to September, and July and August have the highest frequency of occurrence; (2) there are distinct interannual and interdecadal changes in Guangzhou HTF, with an obvious increase since the 1980s; (3) the anomalous increase of mid-summer HTF in Guangzhou since the 1980s has a close relationship with the weakened westerlies in Northwest China, Mongolia, Lake Baikal and their vicinity and the intensified subtropical high in the mid-low latitude areas.

A Brief Report of Graphic Explanations for Generalized Potential Temperature in the Non-Uniformly Saturated Atmosphere

Compared to potential temperature （θ） in the dry atmosphere and equivalent potential temperature （θc） in the saturated atmosphere, generalized potential tem- perature （θ＂） has already proven a better thermodynamic parameter in describing the non-uniformly saturated real atmosphere. To add otherwise absent graphic explanations, this paper first presents the physical definition of θ through a tephigram. Then, the utility of the measurement in identifying and forecasting the locations of precipita- tion maxima and heat wave areas with diagnostic com- parison studies and traditionally used thermodynamic parameters is shown.

Seasonal variations in the energy budget of Elliot's pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) in cage

This study aimed to discuss the energy budget of Elliot's pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti in different seasons, with life and health, good growth and normal digestion of Elliot's pheasant as the tested objects, The energy budget of Elliot's pheasant was measured by daily collection of the trial pheasants' excrement in the biological garden of Guangxi Normal University from March 2011 to February 2012. The results showed that the gross energy consumption, metabolic energy and excrement energy varied by season, increasing as temperature decreased. There was significant difference in gross energy consumption, metabolic energy, excrement energy between adults and nonages. There was also a trend that food digestibility of pheasants increases as temperature increases. In the same season, the food digestibility of adults was better than that of nonages. Throughout spring, summer, autumn and winter, the metabolic energy of 4-year adults were 305.77±13.40 kJ/d, 263.67±11.89 kJ/d, 357.23±25.49 kJ/d and 403.12±24.91 kJ/d, respectively, and the nonages were 284.86±17.22 kJ/d, 284. 66±15.16 kJ/d, 402. 26±31.46 kJ/d and 420. 30±31.98 kJ/d, respectively. The minimum metabolic energies were 247.65±21.81 g, 265.86±26.53 g, respectively for each group, detected between 4-year adults and 1-year nonages. Further study is needed to determine whether 29.6 C is the optimal temperature for the Elliot's pheasant.

Impact of replacement of Re by W on dislocation slip mediated creeps of γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases

The anomalous flow behavior of γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases at high temperature is closely related to the cross-slip of 1/2<110>{111}super-partial dislocations.Generalized stacking fault energy curves(i.e.,Γ-surfaces)along the lowest energy path can provide a great deal of information on the nucleation and movement of dislocations.With the first-principles calculation,the interplay between Re and W,Mo,Ta,Ti doped at preferential sites and their synergetic influence on Γ-surfaces and ideal shear strength(τ_(max))in γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases are investigated.Similar to single Re-addition,the Suzuki segregation of W at stacking faults is demonstrated to enable to impede the movement of 1/6<112>{111} Shockley partial dislocations and promote the cross-slip of 1/2<110>{111}super-partial dislocations.With the replacement of a part of Re by W,a decreased γ_(APB)^(111)/γ_(APB)^(001) indicates that the anomalous flow behavior of γ'phases at high temperature is not as excellent as the double Re-addition,but an increasedτmax means that the creep rupture strength of Ni-based single crystal superalloys can be benefited from this replacement to some extent,especially in the co-segregation of Re and W at Al−Al sites.As the interaction between X1_(Al) and X2_(Al) point defects is characterized by an correlation energy function ΔE^(X1_(Al)+X2_(Al))(d),it is found that both strong attraction and strong repulsion are unfavarable for the improvement of yield strengths of γ'phase.

Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation Analysis of an Intermediate Heat Exchanger in ADS

The intermediate heat exchanger for enhancement heat transfer is the important equipment in the usage of nuclear energy. In the present work, heat transfer and entropy generation of an intermediate heat exchanger(IHX) in the accelerator driven subcritical system(ADS) are investigated experimentally. The variation of entropy generation number with performance parameters of the IHX is analyzed, and effects of inlet conditions of the IHX on entropy generation number and heat transfer are discussed. Compared with the results at two working conditions of the constant mass flow rates of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE) and helium gas, the total pumping power all tends to reduce with the decreasing entropy generation number, but the variations of the effectiveness, number of transfer units and thermal capacity rate ratio are inconsistent, and need to analyze respectively. With the increasing inlet mass flow rate or LBE inlet temperature, the entropy generation number increases and the heat transfer is enhanced, while the opposite trend occurs with the increasing helium gas inlet temperature. The further study is necessary for obtaining the optimized operation parameters of the IHX to minimize entropy generation and enhance heat transfer.

The Generalized Thermodynamic Temperature and the New Expressions of the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The classical thermodynamics reflects the significant relationship between the heat and the temperature. On the basis of the relationships, according to the mathematical derivation, this paper structures the conceptions of generalized heat, generalized thermodynamic temperature, generalized entropy and so on. The series of conceptions in the classical thermodynamics is merely a special case of the generalized thermodynamics. Based on these conceptions of generalized thermodynamics, this paper presents the new expressions of the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, these expressions are endued with new explanations. The Eq. LZ = kTS given by this paper provides theoretical basis for these new expressions.

Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The"generalized constructal optimization"based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting.

Tsallis Mapping in Growing Complex Networks with Fitness

We introduce Tsallis mapping in Bianconi-Barabgsi （B-B） fitness model of growing networks. This mapping addresses the dynamical behavior of the fitness model within the framework of nonextensive statistics mechanics, which is characterized by a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter q. It is found that this new phenomenological parameter plays an important role in the evolution of networks： the underlying evolving networks may undergo a different phases depending on the q exponents, comparing to the original B-B fitness model, and the corresponding critical transition temperature Tc is also identified.