基于像素序列形态的适应性背景重构算法

背景重构是视频图像处理领域的支撑性工作之一.针对传统的背景重构算法运算复杂、背景图像失真等不足,本文提出了一种像素序列形态适应性背景重构算法.该算法通过提取像素序列形态特征进行分类处理,不同形态适用独立的背景提取策略、背景更新时刻和背景更新策略.实验结果验证表明:该算法无需对视频场景中的背景和运动目标建立模型,可直接从一组含有运动前景的视频图像中准确地重构背景,并有效避免混合现象;背景缓慢变化和突变时,亦可快速有效地完成背景重构.

勋伯格《管乐五重奏》Op.26之序列形态

阿诺尔德·勋伯格是美籍奥地利作曲家、音乐教育家和音乐理论家。这首作品创作于1923-1924年间,是其十二音创作时期的作品,运用了十二音序列的写作手法。勋伯格同时也是一位复调大师,在这首作品中复调手法的运用也极其丰富,如倒影模仿、对比模仿等。

基于股价均线形态序列的数据挖掘模型

通过把数据仓库技术应用于股票数据分析,设计出将股票行情时间序列数据转换为多阶均线形态维度层次结构挖掘模型,成功分析出形态走势分析中预测目标与输入状态的相关性,得到了形态转移概率等预测数据,同时也为股市中其他技术指标曲线的分析提供了新的思路.

形态变换序列与分析

本文在基本形态运算的基础上，提出交替顺序滤波ＡＳＦ、分水岭ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ变换形态分割等新方法，同时讨论了形态谱分解与重构、形态分形等新的领域，文中所述的各种形态变换序列在图象分析中有广阔的应用前景。

基于SAR时间序列的建设用地扩展监测——以常州市新北区为例

随着城市化进程的不断加快,城市范围不断扩展,快速、准确掌握建设用地的变化对于城市的可持续发展至关重要。合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture Radar,SAR)影像由于不受天气影响可以及时获取对地观测影像,使得基于SAR时间序列的建设用地扩展监测成为可能。SAR时间序列在发生建设用地扩展过程中存在2种时间序列形态结构,本文命名为“Z”形结构和“V”形结构,针对以往研究中只考虑“Z”形结构未考虑“V”形结构的情况,本研究提出一种基于时间序列自适应分段的建设用地扩展监测方法。对原始时间序列进行自适应分段,使用分段平均值作为特征值,最后使用决策树提取建设用地扩展区域。经验证,方法的正确率为89.60%,完整率为92.73%。研究表明:本文提出的方法能有效地监测建设用地扩展,相对于动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)方法,正确率提高1.80百分点,完整率提高1.27百分点;常州市新北区在2015—2019年间,建设用地共增加557.96 hm^2,主要扩展方向为南和东南方向。

基于双隐变量空间局部粒子搜索的人体运动形态估计

该文提出一种双隐变量空间局部粒子搜索(DLVSLPS)算法,可以从多视角图像序列的轮廓特征较准确地估计出3维人体运动形态序列。该算法用高斯过程动态模型(GPDM)降维建立双隐变量空间和低维隐变量数据到高维数据的映射关系后,然后对双隐变量空间使用近邻权重先验条件搜索(NWPCS),实现局部低维粒子搜索来生成较优高维数据,从而估计相应帧的3维人体运动形态,解决传统粒子滤波算法直接在高维数据空间采样较难获取有效正确数据进行估计的问题。经仿真实验验证,所提出的算法比传统粒子滤波算法在实现多视角非连续帧估计,克服轮廓图像数据歧义,减小估计误差有明显优势。

基于形态学序列和多源先验信息的城市建筑物高分遥感提取

城市建筑物自动提取是高分辨率遥感影像理解的重要研究方向,其对于城市基础地理信息更新和城市生态保护均具有重要的应用价值和实际意义。然而由于城市场景的复杂性和建筑物形态的多样性降低了空间特征的综合表达能力,成为了制约城市建筑物自动提取的瓶颈问题。为此,本研究在综合分析城市建筑物不同模式空间特征的基础上,提出了一种多模式形态学序列特征和多源先验信息协同的城市建筑物高分遥感自动提取方法。该方法在提取高分遥感多模式形态学序列特征的基础上,引入多源先验信息构建自适应分割模型对其进行自适应分割与信息融合,从而实现城市建筑物信息的自动提取。实验结果表明,本文方法能够准确且自动的提取城市建筑物信息,结果的准确性均优于DMPs和DAPs算法。

红外序列图像小目标自动检测与跟踪

提出了一种基于灰度形态重构开的红外图像序列小目标自动检测与跟踪的算法.使用形态重构开等形态学算子处理原图像,有效地消除背景,同时结合了红外小目标帧内亮度及空间信息,帧间运动信息,提取运动小目标.实验结果证明算法可以有效地自动检测与跟踪点目标.

勋伯格《钢琴组曲》(op.25)之“间奏曲”音乐分析

文章通过对勋伯格《钢琴组曲》(op.25)之"间奏曲"的曲式结构、序列形态、隐藏调性、序列进程、比例结构及现代节奏与节拍等方面的分析,论述了该作品作为经典序列音乐作品在继承传统基础上的突破与创新。

Taxonomic Status of Daduhe Loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides var. dadunensis）

The taxonomic status of Daduhe loquat （E. prinoides var. dadunensis） was studied through analyzing genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat （E. prinoides）, Daduhe loquat and Common loquat （E. japonica） using inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR） molecular marker and morphologic marker in this paper. Based on ISSR marker research, the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat was lower than the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and Common loquat was intermediate. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （45.8%）. The specific bands of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Based on morphologic traits research, Daduhe loquat was also between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat but a little leaning to Oakleaf loquat. All the results support that Daduhe loquat was hybrid of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat.

Grateloupia ramosa Wang ＆ Luan sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta), a new species from China based on morphological evidence and comparative rbcL sequences

Grateloupia ramosa Wang & Luan sp. nov.(Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) is newly described from Hainan Province, southern China. The organism has the following morphological features:(1) purplish red, cartilaginous and lubricous thalli 5–10 cm in height;(2) compressed percurrent axes bearing abundant branches with opposite arrangement;(3) claw-like apices on top, constricted to 2–4 cm at the base;(4) cortex consisting of 3–6 layers of elliptical or anomalous cells and a medulla covered by compact medullary filaments;(5) reproductive structures distributed throughout the thallus, especially centralized at the bottom of the end portion of the branches; and(6) 4-celled Carpogonial branches and 3-celled auxiliary-cell branches, both of the Grateloupia-type. The morphological diff erences were supported by molecular phylogenetics based on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase( rbc L) gene sequence analysis. There was only a 1 bp divergence between specimens collected from Wenchang and Lingshui of Hainan province. The new species was embedded in the large Grateloupia clade of the Halymeniaceae. The pairwise distances between G. ramosa and other species within Grateloupia ranged from 26 to 105 bp, within pairwise distances of 13–111 bp between species of the large genus Grateloupia in Halymeniaceae. Thus, we propose this new species as G. ramosa Wang & Luan sp. nov.

A Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis of Luidia (Paxillosida: Luidiidae) from Chinese Waters with Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Sequences

Luidia Forbes （Paxillosida： Luidiidae） are common soft bottom sea stars with 49 described species. Because of substan- tial morphological diversity, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and hasn＇t been resolved definitely. In order to resolve general taxonomic issues, and determine species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Luidia, the sequences of tyro- chrome oxidase subunit I （COI） gene from 24 specimens of Luidia, belonging to eight taxa in Chinese waters, were studied. Three sequences of two species in genus Luidia from GenBank were used to analyze the phylogenetie relationships. The molecular phy- logeny exhibited three main clades, each with strong bootstrap support： Clade A including Luidia quinaria from the Sea of Japan; Clade B including seven nominal species （L. quinaria von Martens, L. yesoensis Goto, L. ehangi Liu, Liao and Li, L. orientalis Fisher, L. avicularia Fisher, L. longispina Sladen and L. hardwicki Gray） from Chinese waters; and Clade C including L. maculata Miiller ＆ Troschel from Chinese waters. Our molecular phylogeny results support the morphological Quinaria-Group and Alter- nata-Group assigned by D6derlein. Seven nominal species we sampled do not exhibit genetic distances that are large enough to rec- ognize them as separate species. Cryptic species may exist in ＇Luidia quinaria＇ from the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. Meaning- ful morphological characters need further investigation in Luidia.

Molecular phylogeny and species separation of five morphologically similar Holosticha-complex ciliates(Protozoa, Ciliophora) using ARDRA riboprinting and multigene sequence data

To separate and redefine the ambiguous Holosticha-complex, a confusing group of hypotrichous ciliates, six strains belonging to five morphospecies of three genera, Holosticha heterofoissneri, Anteholosticha sp. popl, Anteholosticha sp. pop2, A. manca, A. gracilis and Nothoholostichafasciola, were analyzed using 12 restriction enzymes on the basis of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Nine of the 12 enzymes could digest the DNA products, four （HinfⅠ, Hind Ⅲ, Msp Ⅰ, Taq Ⅰ） yielded species-specific restriction patterns, and Hind Ⅲ and Taq Ⅰ produced different pattems for two Anteholosticha sp. populations. Distinctly different restriction digestion haplotypes and similarity indices can be used to separate the species. The secondary structures of the five species were predicted based on the ITS2 transcripts and there were several minor differences among species, while two Anteholosticha sp. populations were identical. In addition, phylogenies based on the SSrRNA gene sequences were reconstructed using multiple algorithms, which grouped them generally into four clades, and exhibited that the genus Anteholosticha should be a convergent assemblage. The fact that Holosticha species clustered with the oligotrichs and choreotrichs, though with very low support values, indicated that the topology may be very divergent and unreliable when the number of sequence data used in the analyses is too low.

The First Isolation of a Cyanophage-Synechococcus System from the East China Sea

A cyanophage strain and its host Synechococcus were isolated from the East China Sea. The host Synechococcus sp. S J01 was characterized by its 16S rRNA, ITS, andpsbA gene sequences as well as by its morphological appearance and pigmentation. The cyanophage, strain S-SJ2, was able to cause a lytic infection of the coastal Synechococcus. TEM of negative-stained specimens showed that the phage isolate has an isometric head with a diameter of 68 nm and a long tail with a length of 280 nm. The cyanophage-Synechococcus system from the East China Sea shares many properties with other marine cyanophage-Synechocoecus systems worldwide.

Slope displacement prediction based on morphological filtering

Combining mathematical morphology (MM),nonparametric and nonlinear model,a novel approach for predicting slope displacement was developed to improve the prediction accuracy.A parallel-composed morphological filter with multiple structure elements was designed to process measured displacement time series with adaptive multi-scale decoupling.Whereafter,functional-coefficient auto regressive (FAR) models were established for the random subsequences.Meanwhile,the trend subsequence was processed by least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm.Finally,extrapolation results obtained were superposed to get the ultimate prediction result.Case study and comparative analysis demonstrate that the presented method can optimize training samples and show a good nonlinear predicting performance with low risk of choosing wrong algorithms.Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the MM-FAR&LSSVM predicting results are as low as 1.670% and 0.172 mm,respectively,which means that the prediction accuracy are improved significantly.

Morphology and Molecular Identification of Ulva Forming Green Tides in Qingdao,China

Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.

Sequences and Phylogeny Analysis of rbcL Gene in Marine Chlorophyta

The rbcL gene of Ulva pertusa,Enteromorpha prolifera and Monostroma grevillei was amplified,sequenced and analyzed.By comparing the rbcL sequences with seven other Ulvales species retrieved from GenBank,the sequence divergences and thephyletic evolution were analyzed and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.From the phylogenetic tree,it can be found that U.per-tusa,E.prolifera and U.californica group in one branch,while E.compressa,U.rigida and U.fenestrata cluster in another clade.Obviously,unlike the Enteomorpha species,the Ulva species do not gather in one branch.Therefore Ulva and Enteomorpha might beaffiliates of one genus.E.compressa and E.intestinalis gathered together,which coincided with the morphological characters.However,the thallus of U.pertusa is thick and with many holes,which is different from E.prolifera in morphology.They cluster togetherin the phylogenetic tree with a genetic distance of 0.005.The results indicate that Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinguishedstrictly.

Effect of Long-Term in Vitro Sub-culturing on Quality Degeneration of Sweet Potato Varieties： Morpho- Anatomic Assessment and Simple Sequence Repeats Analysis

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term in vitro sub-culturing on the varietal degeneration of three sweet potato varieties, namely, Monate, Mokone and Ndou which were sub-cultured for 32, 23 and 12 generations, respectively. Each generation was cultured in a media which is made from 4.43 g/L Murashige and Skoog （MS）, 30 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L gelrite, respectively, and grown under 16 h light and 8 h dark photoperiod for 30 d. For each generation, 45 plantlets were acclimatized for two months in a glasshouse. Data on in vitro growth performance and 11 morphological characteristics during acclimatization were recorded. Early root and shoot formation was observed after the 27th and 21st sub-cultured generations of Monate and Mokone, respectively. During acclimatization, plantlets from the same variety showed differences in morphological traits such as leaf colour, abaxial leaf pigmentation, vine pigmentation, petiole pigmentation, leaf wrinkling and flowering. However, the rate of these morphological differences is random and irrespective to increase in sub-culturing. Therefore, to understand the genetic base of these morphological variability, two plantlets from each variety were subjected to genetic analysis by using five simple sequence repeat （SSR） primers （IB-242, IB-318, IB-255F, 1B-248 and IB-255）. Although SSR loci IB-255F and IB-318 could distinguish between the three varieties, there were no allelic polymorphisms detected in plantlets from the same varieties. Therefore, long-term sub-culturing do not leads to quality degeneration in the three sweet potato varieties.

Phylogeny of subclass Scuticociliatia(Protozoa,Ciliophora) using combined data inferred from genetic,morphological,and morphogenetic evidence

Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test the ability of combined phylogenetic analyses using both gene sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characteristics.Analyses of both the SSrRNA gene sequences and the combined datasets revealed a consistent branching pattern.While the terminal branches and the order level relationships were generally well resolved,the family level relationships remain unresolved.However,two other trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characters showed limited information,due to a lack of informative sites in these two datasets.Our data suggest,however,that the combined analysis of morphological/morphogenetic characters and gene sequences did produce some changes to the phylogenetic estimates of this group.

融合光谱及形态学信息的对象级空间特征提取方法

针对传统的高分辨率遥感影像分割方法仅利用光谱特征或者形态学特征的弊端,提出了一种融合光谱信息和形态学信息的多尺度分割算法。该算法首先利用差分多尺度形态学序列特征与影像光谱特征构造光谱-形态学特征集,然后利用Hausdorff距离计算相邻像素的边权值并构造图模型,利用最小生成树Kruskal算法完成影像的初始分割,最后结合分形网络进化的区域异质性准则完成区域合并。在该分割结果的基础上,提出了面向对象的灰度共生矩阵特征和面向对象的像元形状指数特征。实验结果显示,所提出的分割方法在效果和效率上均优于eCognition 8.0和Meanshift算法,并且对象级灰度共生矩阵特征和对象级像元形状指数特征明显优于传统的像素级特征。